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Cluster Headache Pathophysiology—A Disorder of Network Excitability? CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/ctn5020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients’ accounts of cluster headache attacks, ictal restlessness, and electrophysiological studies suggest that the pathophysiology involves Aδ-fibre nociceptors and the network processing their input. Continuous activity of the trigeminal autonomic reflex throughout the in-bout period results in central sensitization of these networks in many patients. It is likely that several factors force circadian rhythmicity upon the disease. In addition to sensitization, circadian changes in pain perception and autonomic innervation might influence the excitability of the trigeminal cervical complex. Summation of several factors influencing pain perception might render neurons vulnerable to spontaneous depolarization, particularly at the beginning of rapid drops of the pain threshold (“summation headache”). In light of studies suggesting an impairment of short-term synaptic plasticity in CH patients, we suggest that the physiologic basis of CH attacks might be network overactivity—similarly to epileptic seizures. Case reports documenting cluster-like attacks support the idea of distinct factors being transiently able to induce attacks and being relevant in the pathophysiology of the disorder. A sustained and recurring proneness to attacks likely requires changes in the activity of other structures among which the hypothalamus is the most probable candidate.
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Abstract
Growing evidence implicates the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in multiple facets of neuropathic pain (NP). This narrative review focuses primarily on the major bioactive RAS peptide, Angiotensin II (Ang II), and its receptors, namely type 1 (AT1R) and type 2 (AT2R). Both receptors are involved in the development of NP and represent potential therapeutic targets. We first discuss the potential role of Ang II receptors in modulation of NP in the central nervous system. Ang II receptor expression is widespread in circuits associated with the perception and modulation of pain, but more studies are required to fully characterize receptor distribution, downstream signaling, and therapeutic potential of targeting the central nervous system RAS in NP. We then describe the peripheral neuronal and nonneuronal distribution of the RAS, and its contribution to NP. Other RAS modulators (such as Ang (1-7)) are briefly reviewed as well. AT1R antagonists are analgesic across different pain models, including NP. Several studies show neuronal protection and outgrowth downstream of AT2R activation, which may lead to the use of AT2R agonists in NP. However, blockade of AT2R results in analgesia. Furthermore, expression of the RAS in the immune system and a growing appreciation of neuroimmune crosstalk in NP add another layer of complexity and therapeutic potential of targeting this pathway. A growing number of human studies also hint at the analgesic potential of targeting Ang II signaling. Altogether, Ang II receptor signaling represents a promising, far-reaching, and novel strategy to treat NP.
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Jiang WQ, Bao LL, Sun FJ, Liu XL, Yang J. Oxytocin in the periaqueductal gray mainly comes form the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus to participate in pain modulation. Peptides 2019; 121:170153. [PMID: 31499086 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin (OXT) that effects the nociception process is mainly synthesized and secreted in the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus (SON). Although the periaqueductal gray (PAG) hardly synthesizes OXT, OXT in PAG also plays a role in pain regulation. The communication investigates whether OXT in the PAG comes from SON to influence pain modulation. RT-PCR was used to analyze OXT mRNA expression and radioimmunoassay to measure OXT concentration. The results showed that (1) pain stimulation enhanced OXT mRNA expression in the SON at 10 min (268.1 ± 39.2%, p < 0.001) and 20 min (135.4±37.9%, p < 0.05) treatment and did not change in the PAG; (2) OXT level increase in SON perfusion liquid during pain stimulation [236.7±22.1% at 10 min (p < 0.001), 223.1±12.4% at 20 min (p<0.001), 56.1 ± 15.7% at 30 min (p < 0.01) and 11.2±14.2% at 40 min] was earlier than that in PAG perfusion liquid [17.8±9.7% at 10 min, 375.6±35.1% at 20 min (p < 0.001), 123.2±17.7% at 30 min (p < 0.001) and 52.7±22.4% at 40 min (p < 0.05)]; (3) SON excitation (L-glutamate sodium microinjection) induced OXT level increase in PAG perfusion liquid in a dose-dependent manner; (4) the bilateral SON cauterization completely controlled and the right SON cauterization partly reversed the pain stimulation induced-OXT concentration increase in PAG perfusion liquid. The data suggested that OXT in PAG came from SON, which might influence the pain process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Quan Jiang
- The 988th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (The 153rd Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army), Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Le-Le Bao
- The 988th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (The 153rd Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army), Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fang-Jie Sun
- Xinxiang Institute for New Medicine and Academician Workstation of Henan Province, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xi-Lin Liu
- Grade 2018, Department of Stomatology, Luohe Medical College, Luohe, Henan, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Xinxiang Institute for New Medicine and Academician Workstation of Henan Province, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
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Pourzitaki C, Tsaousi G, Papazisis G, Kyrgidis A, Zacharis C, Kritis A, Malliou F, Kouvelas D. Fentanyl and naloxone effects on glutamate and GABA release rates from anterior hypothalamus in freely moving rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 834:169-175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yang FJ, Ma L, Yang J, Zhu ZL, Wang CH. Intranasal Vasopressin Relieves Orthopedic Pain After Surgery. Pain Manag Nurs 2018; 20:126-132. [PMID: 30082217 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthopedic pain after surgery is very common and difficult to manage. Although intranasal arginine vasopressin (AVP) relieves headache (tension-type headache and migraine mostly), the effect of intranasal AVP on the orthopedic pain after surgery is unknown. AIMS This study investigated the effect of intranasal AVP on orthopedic pain after surgery in a randomized controlled trial with a double-blind design. PARTICIPANTS The study included 653 orthopedic patients and 661 health volunteers. METHODS Orthopedic pain was analyzed by the visual analogue scales (VAS) and AVP concentration was determined by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS (1) intranasal AVP decreased the VAS level in orthopedic patients 2-4 weeks after surgery in a dose-dependent manner; (2) the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AVP concentration in orthopedic patients after surgery was higher than that in the health volunteers (38.57 ± 6.11 pg/mL vs 11.74 ± 2.85 pg/mL, p < .01), but had no change in plasma (p > .05); (3) CSF AVP concentration increased significantly in orthopedic patients during 24 hours after the intranasal AVP (p < .05 or .01), which related with VAS level negatively (all p < .01); (4) during 24 hours, intranasal AVP did not influence not only plasma AVP concentration, but also blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate and body temperature in orthopedic patients. COUCLUSIONS The findings contribute valuable information that intranasal AVP can treat orthopedic pain after surgery, and AVP could be an option for pain relief by intranasal administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Juan Yang
- Central Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Ling Ma
- Central Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Xinxiang Institute for New Medicine, Xinxing, Henan, China.
| | - Zhi-Ling Zhu
- Central Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Chang-Hong Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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Activation of corticotropin-releasing factor neurons and microglia in paraventricular nucleus precipitates visceral hypersensitivity induced by colorectal distension in rats. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 55:93-104. [PMID: 26743854 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral hypersensitivity is a major contributor to irritable bowel syndrome and other disorders with visceral pain. Substantial evidence has established that glial activation and neuro-glial interaction play a key role in the establishment and maintenance of visceral hypersensitivity. We recently demonstrated that activation of spinal microglial toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling facilitated the development of visceral hypersensitivity in a rat model developed by neonatal and adult colorectal distensions (CRDs). Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of chronic pain. In this study, we examined the mechanism by which microglia and neurons in PVN establish and maintain visceral hypersensitivity and the involvement of TLR4 signaling. Visceral hypersensitivity was precipitated by adult colorectal distension (CRD) only in rats that experienced neonatal CRDs. Visceral hypersensitivity was associated with an increase in the expression of c-fos, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) protein and mRNA in PVN, which could be prevented by intra-PVN infusion of lidocaine or small interfering RNA targeting the CRF gene. These results suggest PVN CRF neurons modulate visceral hypersensitivity. Adult CRD induced an increase in the expression of Iba-1 (a microglial marker), TLR4 protein, and its downstream effectors MyD88, NF-κB, as well as proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) only in rats that experienced neonatal CRDs. Intra-PVN infusion of minocycline, a nonselective microglial inhibitor, attenuated the hyperactivity of TLR4 signaling cascade, microglial activation, and visceral hypersensitivity. Taken together, these data suggest that neonatal CRDs induce a glial activation in PVN. Adult CRD potentiates the glial and CRF neuronal activity, and precipitates visceral hypersensitivity and pain. TLR4 signaling and proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β may participate in neuro-glial interaction during the pathogenesis of visceral hypersensitivity.
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Zhao XY, Zhang QS, Yang J, Sun FJ, Wang DX, Wang CH, He WY. The role of arginine vasopressin in electroacupuncture treatment of primary sciatica in human. Neuropeptides 2015; 52:61-5. [PMID: 26142756 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
It has been implicated that electroacupuncture can relieve the symptoms of sciatica with the increase of pain threshold in human, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the brain rather than the spinal cord and blood circulation participates in antinociception. Our previous study has proven that AVP in the brain played a role in the process of electroacupuncture analgesia in rat. The goal of the present study was to investigate the role of AVP in electroacupuncture in treating primary sciatica in human. The results showed that (1) AVP concentration of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (7.5 ± 2.5 pg/ml), not plasma (13.2 ± 4.2 pg/ml) in primary sciatica patients was lower than that in health volunteers (16.1 ± 3.8 pg/ml and 12.3 ± 3.4 pg/ml), although the osmotic pressure in CSF and plasma did not change; (2) electroacupuncture of the bilateral "Zusanli" points (St. 36) for 60 min relieved the pain sensation in primary sciatica patients; (3) electroacupuncture increased the AVP level of CSF, not plasma in primary sciatica patients; and (4) there was the positive correlation between the effect of electroacupuncture relieving the pain and the AVP level of CSF in the primary sciatica patients. The data suggested that central AVP, not peripheral AVP might improve the effect of electroacupuncture treatment of primary sciatica in human, i.e., central AVP might take part in the electroacupuncture relieving the pain sensation in primary sciatica patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, China
| | - Qi-Shun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Standard Technological Co. Ltd. (Xinxiang Institute for New Medicine), Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China; Jiangsu Su Bei People's Hospital (Clinical College of Yangzhou University), Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, China; Xinjiang Nikanka Biological Co. Ltd., Hucheng, Yili, Xinjiang 835707, China.
| | - Fang-Jie Sun
- Xinjiang Nikanka Biological Co. Ltd., Hucheng, Yili, Xinjiang 835707, China
| | - Da-Xin Wang
- Jiangsu Su Bei People's Hospital (Clinical College of Yangzhou University), Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, China
| | - Chang-Hong Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Provincial Mental Hospital), Xinxiang, Henan 453002, China
| | - Wei-Ya He
- Department of Neurology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, China.
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Proteomic Analysis of Differential Proteins Related to Anti-nociceptive Effect of Electroacupuncture in the Hypothalamus Following Neuropathic Pain in Rats. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:1467-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1047-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Yang J, Lu L, Wang HC, Zhan HQ, Hai GF, Pan YJ, Lv QQ, Wang DX, Wu YQ, Li RR, Xue L, Wang XH, Deng XM, Liu XF, Qian YN, Deng ZK, Zhang ZJ, Zhan XH, Zhou XJ, Wang GL, Zhai JX, Wang JC. Effect of intranasal arginine vasopressin on human headache. Peptides 2012; 38:100-4. [PMID: 22963731 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Revised: 07/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Arginine vasopressin (AVP), a nonapeptide hormone of posterior pituitary, reaches the central nervous system from systemic blood circulation with a difficulty because of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The interest has been expressed in the use of the nasal route for delivery of AVP to the brain directly, exploiting the olfactory pathway. Our previous study has demonstrated that AVP in the brain rather than the spinal cord and blood circulation plays an important role in rat pain modulation. For understanding the role of AVP on pain modulation in human, the communication tried to investigate the effect of intranasal AVP on human headache. The results showed that (1) AVP concentration in both plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) increased significantly in headache patients, who related with the headache level; (2) there was a positive relationship between plasma and CSF AVP concentration in headache patients; and (3) intranasal AVP could relieve the human headache in a dose-dependent manner. The data suggested that intranasal AVP, which was delivered to the brain through olfactory region, could treat human headache and AVP might be a potential drug of pain relief by intranasal administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China.
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Yang J, Zhao Y, Pan Y, Lu G, Lu L, Wang D, Wang J. Acetylcholine participates in pain modulation by influencing endogenous opiate peptides in rat spinal cord. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/wjns.2012.21003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Pan Y, Yin Z, Yang J, Zhao Y, Yan X, Qiu P, Wang D. Oxytocin in rat nucleus raphe magnus influences pain modulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/wjns.2012.22017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Jorge-Mora T, Misa-Agustiño MJ, Rodríguez-González JA, Jorge-Barreiro FJ, Ares-Pena FJ, López-Martín E. The effects of single and repeated exposure to 2.45 GHz radiofrequency fields on c-Fos protein expression in the paraventricular nucleus of rat hypothalamus. Neurochem Res 2011; 36:2322-32. [PMID: 21818659 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-011-0557-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of microwave radiation on the PVN of the hypothalamus, extracted from rat brains. Expression of c-Fos was used to study the pattern of cellular activation in rats exposed once or repeatedly (ten times in 2 weeks) to 2.45 GHz radiation in a GTEM cell. The power intensities used were 3 and 12 W and the Finite Difference Time Domain calculation was used to determine the specific absorption rate (SAR). High SAR triggered an increase of the c-Fos marker 90 min or 24 h after radiation, and low SAR resulted in c-Fos counts higher than in control rats after 24 h. Repeated irradiation at 3 W increased cellular activation of PVN by more than 100% compared to animals subjected to acute irradiation and to repeated non-radiated repeated session control animals. The results suggest that PVN is sensitive to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation at non-thermal SAR levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jorge-Mora
- Departamento de Ciencias Morfológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Yang J, Li P, Zhang XY, Zhang J, Hao F, Pan YJ, Lu GZ, Lu L, Wang DX, Wang G, Yan FL. Arginine vasopressin in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus is transferred to the caudate nucleus to participate in pain modulation. Peptides 2011; 32:71-4. [PMID: 20965220 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2010] [Revised: 10/10/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Arginine vasopressin (AVP), which is synthesized and secreted in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), is the most important bioactive substance in the pain modulation. Our pervious study had shown that AVP plays an important role in pain modulation in caudate nucleus (CdN). The experiment was designed to investigate the source of AVP in CdN by the nucleus push-pull perfusion and radioimmunoassay. The results showed that: (1) pain stimulation increased the AVP concentration in the CdN perfusion liquid, (2) PVN decreased the effect of pain stimulation which was stronger in both sides than in one side of PVN cauterization; and (3) L-glutamate sodium would excited the PVN neurons by the PVN microinjection that could increase the AVP concentration in the CdN perfusion liquid. The data suggested that AVP in the CdN might come from the PVN in the pain process, i.e., AVP in the PVN might be transferred to the CdN to participate in the pain modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xixiang, Henan 453003, China.
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Yang J, Yuan H, Liu W, Song C, Xu H, Wang G, Song C, Ni N, Yang D, Lin B. Arginine vasopressin in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus is transferred to the nucleus raphe magnus to participate in pain modulation. Peptides 2009; 30:1679-82. [PMID: 19520128 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2009.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2009] [Revised: 05/29/2009] [Accepted: 05/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is one of the main sources of arginine vasopressin (AVP) synthesis and secretion. AVP is the most important bioactive substance in PVN regulating pain process. Our previous study has pointed that pain stimulation induced AVP increase in the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM), which plays a role in pain modulation. The present study was designed to investigate the source of AVP in the rat NRM during pain process using the methods of nucleus push-pull perfusion and radioimmunoassay. The results showed that pain stimulation increased the AVP concentration in the NRM perfusion liquid, PVN cauterization inhibited the role that pain stimulation induced the increase of AVP concentration in the NRM perfusion liquid, and PVN microinjection of L-glutamate sodium, which excited the PVN neurons, could increase the AVP concentration in the NRM perfusion liquid. The data suggested that AVP in the PVN might be transferred to the NRM to participate in pain modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New Technology for Pharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Provincial Institute for Novel Pharmaceuticals at Taizhou, Yangtze River Pharmaceutical Group, 1 Yangtze River South Road, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Yang J, Yuan HF, Liu WY, Zhang XX, Feng JP, Ni N, Yang DW, Song CY, Xu HT, Wang G, Song C, Lin BC. Norepinephrine regulates arginine vasopressin secretion in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus relating with pain modulation. Neuropeptides 2009; 43:259-65. [PMID: 19573913 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2009.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2009] [Revised: 06/06/2009] [Accepted: 06/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study has pointed that arginine vasopressin (AVP) and norepinephrine (NA) are two most important bioactive substances that play a role in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) regulating pain process. The communication was designed to investigate the interaction between AVP and NA in the rat PVN during the pain process. We used the potassium iontophoresis inducing tail-flick to test the pain threshold, PVN push-pull perfusion to collect the samples, high performance chromatography (HPLC) to determine the NA concentration and radioimmunoassay (RIA) to measure the AVP concentration. The results showed that (1) pain stimulation increased both NA and AVP concentrations in the PVN perfusion liquid; (2) PVN administration of l-glutamate sodium increased AVP, not NA concentration in the PVN perfusion liquid; (3) AVP or d(CH(2))(5)Tyr(Et)DAVP (AVP-receptor antagonist) neither changed pain threshold, nor influenced NA concentration in the PVN perfusion liquid; (4) Microinjection of NA into PVN could increase pain threshold in a dose-dependent manner, while PVN administration with phentolamine (alpha-receptor antagonist), not propranolol (beta-receptor antagonist) decreased pain threshold; (5) Administration of NA increased AVP concentration, while phentolamine, not propranolol decreased AVP concentration in the PVN perfusion liquid. These data suggested that it is through alpha-receptor rather than beta-receptor, NA induced PVN secretion of AVP that was delivered to the related brain regions to participate in pain modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New Technology for Pharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Provincial Institute for Novel Pharmaceuticals at Taizhou, Yangtze River Pharmaceutical Group, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225321, China.
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Yang J, Yuan H, Chu J, Yang Y, Xu H, Wang G, Liu WY, Lin BC. Arginine vasopressin antinociception in the rat nucleus raphe magnus is involved in the endogenous opiate peptide and serotonin system. Peptides 2009; 30:1355-61. [PMID: 19540433 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2009.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2009] [Revised: 03/21/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) has been implicated in antinociception. This communication was designed to investigate which neuropeptide and neurotransmitter are involved in AVP antinociception in the rat NRM. The results showed that (1) in the NRM perfuse liquid, pain stimulation could increase the concentrations of AVP, leucine-enkephalin (L-Ek), methionine-enkephalin (M-Ek), beta-endorphin (beta-Ep), serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), but not change the concentrations of dynorphinA(1-13) (DynA(1-13)), oxytocin, achetylcholine, choline, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, homovanilic acid, norepinephrine and epinephrine; (2) in the NRM perfuse liquid, AVP increased the concentrations of L-Ek, M-Ek, beta-Ep, DynA(1-13), 5-HT and 5-HIAA, but did not change the concentrations of oxytocin and the other studied neurotransmitters; (3) AVP antinociception in the NRM was attenuated by cypoheptadine (a 5-HT-receptor antagonist) or naloxone (an opiate receptor antagonist), but was not influenced by the other studied receptor antagonists. The data suggested that AVP antinociception in the NRM might be involved in endogenous opiate peptide and 5-HT system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New Technology for Pharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Provincial Institute for Novel Pharmaceuticals at Taizhou, Yangtze River Pharmaceutical Group, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225321, China.
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Yang J, Yang Y, Chu J, Wang G, Xu H, Liu WY, Wang CH, Lin BC. Endogenous opiate peptides in the spinal cord are involved in the analgesia of hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in the rat. Peptides 2009; 30:740-4. [PMID: 19452637 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2009.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have shown that hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) plays a role in pain process, and endogenous opiate peptide system in the spinal cord is involved in nociception. This communication was designed to study the relationship between PVN and endogenous opiate system in the spinal cord in the rat. The results showed that in both the thoracic and the lumber spinal cord, microinjection of 100 ng L-glutamate sodium into PVN could increase leucine-enkephalin (L-Ek), beta-endorphin (beta-Ep), dynorphinA(1-13) (DynA(1-13)) concentrations and PVN cauterization decreased L-Ek and beta-Ep concentrations. Pretreatment of the spinal cord with 5 microg naloxone, an opiate receptor antagonist could partly reverse the analgesia induced by microinjection of 100 ng L-glutamate sodium into PVN. The data suggested that PVN analgesia might be involved in the endogenous opiate peptide system in the spinal cord independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Jiangsu Research Institute for Novel Pharmaceuticals, Yangtze River Pharmaceutical Group, Taizhou, China.
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Yang J, Yang Y, Wang CH, Wang G, Xu H, Liu WY, Lin BC. Effect of arginine vasopressin on acupuncture analgesia in the rat. Peptides 2009; 30:241-7. [PMID: 19022309 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2008.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2008] [Revised: 09/13/2008] [Accepted: 10/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Arginine vasopressin (AVP) has been proven to be involved in the process of pain regulation. This communication was designed to investigate the effect of AVP on acupuncture analgesia in the rat model. The results showed that intraventricular injection (icv) of AVP could enhance acupuncture analgesia in a dose-dependent manner, whereas icv of anti-AVP serum decreased acupuncture analgesia. However, neither intrathecal (ith) nor intravenous injection (iv) of AVP or anti-AVP serum could influence acupuncture analgesia. Electrical acupuncture of "Zusanli" points (St. 36) decreased AVP concentration in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and increased AVP concentration in the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus (SON), periaqueductial gray (PAG), caudate nucleus (CdN) and raphe magnus nucleus (RMN), but did not change AVP concentration in the pituitary, spinal cord and plasma. The effect of AVP on acupuncture analgesia was partly reversed by pretreatment with naloxone, an opiate receptor antagonist. These data suggested that AVP in the brain played a role in the process of acupuncture analgesia in combination with the endogenous opiate peptide system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Jiangsu Institute (Taizhou) for New Medicines, Yangtze River Pharmaceutical Group, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China.
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