1
|
Dattagupta J, Banerjee A, Maji BK, Chattopadhyay PK. A multifaceted approach to identifying and managing juvenile delinquency by integrating psycho-physiological indicators. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2024; 0:ijamh-2024-0052. [PMID: 38760876 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2024-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
To understand and treat juvenile delinquency, the study explores the relevance of psycho-physiological indicators. It also emphasizes the necessity for thorough research to minimize the gap existing between psycho-physiological measurements and conventional psychosocial components. The study focuses on the relevance of personality features, habituation, and autonomic arousal required to monitor the proper management of delinquent conduct. Through the integration of biological, psychological, and social elements into a multidimensional approach, researchers can uncover novel insights and create cutting-edge therapies for youths who are at risk of delinquent behavior. The study proposes to develop a comprehensive framework that considers biological antecedents in addition to conventional metrics to reach the root cause of delinquency; thereby drawing special attention to current literature and research that emphasizes the psycho-physiological correlates of delinquency. By examining the complex interactions between stress, physiology, emotions, behavior, and social structures, the study highlights the intricacy of delinquent conduct and the necessity for adopting a multifaceted strategy to fully address the problematic areas. Future research paths are emphasized, with a focus on the significance of longitudinal studies, moderating and mediating variables, and creative treatment techniques. By utilizing psycho-physiological markers and psychosocial traits, researchers can tailor intervention strategies to meet individual needs effectively. Early identification of psycho-physiological deficits in children is crucial for implementing successful behavior modification techniques and promoting the well-being of future generations. This is expected to help the government agencies to save time and public money.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayita Dattagupta
- Department of Controller of Examinations, 30163 University of Calcutta , Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Arnab Banerjee
- Department of Physiology (UG & PG), 212035 Serampore College , Serampore, West Bengal, India
| | - Bithin Kumar Maji
- Department of Physiology (UG & PG), 212035 Serampore College , Serampore, West Bengal, India
| | - Prabal Kumar Chattopadhyay
- Department of Psychology, University Professor & Head of the Department (Retired), University of Calcutta, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Palmieri A, Pick E, Grossman-Giron A, Tzur Bitan D. Oxytocin as the Neurobiological Basis of Synchronization: A Research Proposal in Psychotherapy Settings. Front Psychol 2021; 12:628011. [PMID: 34305705 PMCID: PMC8298891 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.628011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Palmieri
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,Padova Neuroscience Centre, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Emanuele Pick
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Ariella Grossman-Giron
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.,Shalvata Mental Health Center, Affiliated With the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dana Tzur Bitan
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.,Shalvata Mental Health Center, Affiliated With the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Colombo B, Anctil R, Balzarotti S, Biassoni F, Antonietti A. The Role of the Mirror System in Influencing Musicians' Evaluation of Musical Creativity: A tDCS Study. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:624653. [PMID: 33897346 PMCID: PMC8061779 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.624653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence reported in the literature suggests that the mirror system not only plays a role in recognizing motor action but also fosters a better understanding of other people because it helps an individual assume another's perspective. This led to the idea, supported by research findings, that people with higher empathy scores should show higher activation of the mirror system. Recently, it has been hypothesized that a purely auditory mirror system exists. In this study, we aimed to explore the possibility that this system might play a particular role for musicians. Specifically, this system would impact their response to a new piece of music by using non-invasive brain stimulation to modulate the activation of the mirror system. A sample of 40 young musicians was involved in this study. Half of the participants were randomly assigned to a cathodal stimulation condition, while the other half was used as a control. After listening to a new piece of music, participants were asked to rate the creativity of the piece (by focusing on how interesting, innovative, and exciting the piece was) as well as their general emotional response to it. Their empathy levels were also assessed using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). Results showed that the cathodal stimulation of the mirror system negatively affected both the perception of creativity (level of innovation) and the emotional response to the music. There was no significant difference in the ratings of how interesting the piece was perceived. The effect was mediated by the individuals' level of empathy. Specifically, empathic concern and fantasy dimensions increased the evaluation of creativity. Results also showed that participants reported less emotion with a negative valence in the cathodal stimulation condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Colombo
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Champlain College, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Reid Anctil
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Champlain College, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Stefania Balzarotti
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milano, Italy
| | - Federica Biassoni
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milano, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kleinbub JR, Mannarini S, Palmieri A. Interpersonal Biofeedback in Psychodynamic Psychotherapy. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1655. [PMID: 32849011 PMCID: PMC7418492 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Johann Roland Kleinbub
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology, Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefania Mannarini
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology, Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Family Research, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Arianna Palmieri
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology, Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gennaro A, Kleinbub JR, Mannarini S, Salvatore S, Palmieri A. Training in psychotherapy: a call for embodied and psychophysiological approaches. RESEARCH IN PSYCHOTHERAPY (MILANO) 2019; 22:395. [PMID: 32913810 PMCID: PMC7451311 DOI: 10.4081/ripppo.2019.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Psychotherapy research studies are increasingly focused on the clinical process, which has allowed for the definition of general models about clinical functioning and the role of the therapist. Embodiment-based research has shown that interpersonal processes, such as synchrony and attunement, are critical for the development of crucial therapist skills and that these mechanisms are mediated by physiological processes. Although the connection between these embodied processes and clinical practice is currently a topic of investigation in psychotherapy research, its implications for clinical training are potentially broad, but they remain unexplored. The present contribution proposes the idea of embodied trainings for psychotherapy trainees, which could support their acquisition of clinical skills through implicit, embodied, and affective learning. We present detailed potential mechanisms, study designs, and psychological variables that could be used to develop such an in vivo training and suggest some possible applications, ranging from biofeedback sessions to experimental settings and roleplaying. Additional research in this field can help bridge the gap between psychotherapy research and psychotherapy training, by overcoming some of the limitations of post-session and external evaluations, by enriching psychotherapy training programs, and by facilitating the implicit and automatic attunement of the attitudes of the students who will become tomorrow's therapists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Gennaro
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, “La Sapienza” University of Rome
| | - Johann Roland Kleinbub
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padua
| | - Stefania Mannarini
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padua
| | - Sergio Salvatore
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, “La Sapienza” University of Rome
| | - Arianna Palmieri
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padua
- Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jürgens R, Fischer J, Schacht A. Hot Speech and Exploding Bombs: Autonomic Arousal During Emotion Classification of Prosodic Utterances and Affective Sounds. Front Psychol 2018. [PMID: 29541045 PMCID: PMC5836290 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotional expressions provide strong signals in social interactions and can function as emotion inducers in a perceiver. Although speech provides one of the most important channels for human communication, its physiological correlates, such as activations of the autonomous nervous system (ANS) while listening to spoken utterances, have received far less attention than in other domains of emotion processing. Our study aimed at filling this gap by investigating autonomic activation in response to spoken utterances that were embedded into larger semantic contexts. Emotional salience was manipulated by providing information on alleged speaker similarity. We compared these autonomic responses to activations triggered by affective sounds, such as exploding bombs, and applause. These sounds had been rated and validated as being either positive, negative, or neutral. As physiological markers of ANS activity, we recorded skin conductance responses (SCRs) and changes of pupil size while participants classified both prosodic and sound stimuli according to their hedonic valence. As expected, affective sounds elicited increased arousal in the receiver, as reflected in increased SCR and pupil size. In contrast, SCRs to angry and joyful prosodic expressions did not differ from responses to neutral ones. Pupil size, however, was modulated by affective prosodic utterances, with increased dilations for angry and joyful compared to neutral prosody, although the similarity manipulation had no effect. These results indicate that cues provided by emotional prosody in spoken semantically neutral utterances might be too subtle to trigger SCR, although variation in pupil size indicated the salience of stimulus variation. Our findings further demonstrate a functional dissociation between pupil dilation and skin conductance that presumably origins from their differential innervation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Jürgens
- Cognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Affective Neuroscience and Psychophysiology, Institute of Psychology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia Fischer
- Cognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany.,Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Annekathrin Schacht
- Department of Affective Neuroscience and Psychophysiology, Institute of Psychology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Karthikeyan S, Ramachandra V. Are Vocal Pitch Changes in Response to Facial Expressions of Emotions Potential Cues of Empathy? A Preliminary Report. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLINGUISTIC RESEARCH 2017; 46:457-468. [PMID: 27507148 DOI: 10.1007/s10936-016-9446-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated that even brief exposures to facial expressions of emotions elicit facial mimicry in receivers in the form of corresponding facial muscle movements. As well, vocal and verbal patterns of speakers converge in conversations, a type of vocal mimicry. There is also evidence of cross-modal mimicry in which emotional vocalizations elicit corresponding facial muscle activity. Further, empathic capacity has been associated with enhanced tendency towards facial mimicry as well as verbal synchrony. We investigated a type of potential cross-modal mimicry in a simulated dyadic situation. Specifically, we examined the influence of facial expressions of happy, sad, and neutral emotions on the vocal pitch of receivers, and its potential association with empathy. Results indicated that whereas both mean pitch and variability of pitch varied somewhat in the predicted directions, empathy was correlated with the difference in the variability of pitch while speaking to the sad and neutral faces. Discussion of results considers the dimensional nature of emotional vocalizations and possible future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sethu Karthikeyan
- Communication Sciences and Disorders Program, College of Health Professions, Pace University, 163 William Street, Room 530, New York, NY, 10038, USA.
| | - Vijayachandra Ramachandra
- Language and Cognition Lab, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Marywood University, Scranton, PA, 18509, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jessen S, Altvater-Mackensen N, Grossmann T. Pupillary responses reveal infants' discrimination of facial emotions independent of conscious perception. Cognition 2016; 150:163-9. [PMID: 26896901 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Sensitive responding to others' emotions is essential during social interactions among humans. There is evidence for the existence of subcortically mediated emotion discrimination processes that occur independent of conscious perception in adults. However, only recently work has begun to examine the development of automatic emotion processing systems during infancy. In particular, it is unclear whether emotional expressions impact infants' autonomic nervous system regardless of conscious perception. We examined this question by measuring pupillary responses while subliminally and supraliminally presenting 7-month-old infants with happy and fearful faces. Our results show greater pupil dilation, indexing enhanced autonomic arousal, in response to happy compared to fearful faces regardless of conscious perception. Our findings suggest that, early in ontogeny, emotion discrimination occurs independent of conscious perception and is associated with differential autonomic responses. This provides evidence for the view that automatic emotion processing systems are an early-developing building block of human social functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jessen
- Research Group Early Social Development, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstr. 1A, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Nicole Altvater-Mackensen
- Research Group Early Social Development, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstr. 1A, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Tobias Grossmann
- Research Group Early Social Development, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstr. 1A, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Gilmer Hall, 485 McCormick Rd., Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rosslau K, Steinwede D, Schröder C, Herholz SC, Lappe C, Dobel C, Altenmüller E. Clinical investigations of receptive and expressive musical functions after stroke. Front Psychol 2015; 6:768. [PMID: 26124731 PMCID: PMC4464142 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a long tradition of investigating various disorders of musical abilities after stroke. These impairments, associated with acquired amusia, can be highly selective, affecting only music perception (i.e., receptive abilities/functions) or expression (music production abilities), and some patients report that these may dramatically influence their emotional state. The aim of this study was to systematically test both the melodic and rhythmic domains of music perception and expression in left- and right-sided stroke patients compared to healthy subjects. Music perception was assessed using rhythmic and melodic discrimination tasks, while tests of expressive function involved the vocal or instrumental reproduction of rhythms and melodies. Our approach revealed deficits in receptive and expressive functions in stroke patients, mediated by musical expertise. Those patients who had experienced a short period of musical training in childhood and adolescence performed better in the receptive and expressive subtests compared to those without any previous musical training. While discrimination of specific musical patterns was unimpaired after a left-sided stroke, patients with a right-sided stroke had worse results for fine melodic and rhythmic analysis. In terms of expressive testing, the most consistent results were obtained from a test that required patients to reproduce sung melodies. This implies that the means of investigating production abilities can impact the identification of deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Rosslau
- Clinic of Phoniatrics and Pedaudiology, Muenster University Hospital Muenster, Germany ; Institute of Music Physiology and Musicians' Medicine, Hannover University of Music, Drama and Media Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniel Steinwede
- Institute of Music Physiology and Musicians' Medicine, Hannover University of Music, Drama and Media Hannover, Germany
| | - C Schröder
- Institute of Music Physiology and Musicians' Medicine, Hannover University of Music, Drama and Media Hannover, Germany ; Clinic for Neurology, Hannover Medical School Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Claudia Lappe
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Muenster Muenster, Germany
| | - Christian Dobel
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Muenster Muenster, Germany
| | - Eckart Altenmüller
- Institute of Music Physiology and Musicians' Medicine, Hannover University of Music, Drama and Media Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sep MSC, van Osch M, van Vliet LM, Smets EMA, Bensing JM. The power of clinicians' affective communication: how reassurance about non-abandonment can reduce patients' physiological arousal and increase information recall in bad news consultations. An experimental study using analogue patients. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2014; 95:45-52. [PMID: 24485947 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2013.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The diagnosis of incurable cancer may evoke physiological arousal in patients. Physiological arousal can negatively impact patients' recall of information provided in the medical consultation. We aim to investigate whether clinicians' affective communication during a bad news consultation will decrease patients' physiological arousal and will improve recall. METHODS Healthy women (N=50), acting as analogue patients, were randomly assigned to watch one out of the two versions of a scripted video-vignette of a bad news consultation in which clinician's communication differed: standard vs. affective communication. Participants' skin conductance levels were obtained during video-watching, and afterwards their recall was assessed. RESULTS While the diagnosis increased skin conductance levels in all analogue patients, skin conductance levels during the remainder of the consultation decreased more in the affective communication condition than in the standard condition. Analogue patients' recall was significantly higher in the affective condition. CONCLUSION Breaking bad news evokes physiological arousal. Affective communication can decrease this evoked physiological arousal and might be partly responsible for analogue patients' enhanced information recall. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Although our findings need to be translated to clinical patients, they suggest that clinicians need to deal with patients' emotions before providing additional medical information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milou S C Sep
- NIVEL (Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mara van Osch
- NIVEL (Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth M van Vliet
- NIVEL (Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen M A Smets
- Department of Medical Psychology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jozien M Bensing
- NIVEL (Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research), Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|