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Liaqat H, Parveen A, Kim SY. Neuroprotective Natural Products’ Regulatory Effects on Depression via Gut–Brain Axis Targeting Tryptophan. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163270. [PMID: 36014776 PMCID: PMC9413544 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
L-tryptophan (Trp) contributes to regulating bilateral communication of the gut–brain axis. It undergoes three major metabolic pathways, which lead to formation of kynurenine, serotonin (5-HT), and indole derivatives (under the control of the microbiota). Metabolites from the principal Trp pathway, kynurenic acid and quinolinic acid, exhibit neuroprotective activity, while picolinic acid exhibits antioxidant activity, and 5-HT modulates appetite, sleep cycle, and pain. Abnormality in Trp plays crucial roles in diseases, including depression, colitis, ulcer, and gut microbiota-related dysfunctions. To address these diseases, the use of natural products could be a favorable alternative because they are a rich source of compounds that can modulate the activity of Trp and combat various diseases through modulating different signaling pathways, including the gut microbiota, kynurenine pathway, and serotonin pathway. Alterations in the signaling cascade pathways via different phytochemicals may help us explore the deep relationships of the gut–brain axis to study neuroprotection. This review highlights the roles of natural products and their metabolites targeting Trp in different diseases. Additionally, the role of Trp metabolites in the regulation of neuroprotective and gastroprotective activities is discussed. This study compiles the literature on novel, potent neuroprotective agents and their action mechanisms in the gut–brain axis and proposes prospective future studies to identify more pharmaceuticals based on signaling pathways targeting Trp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humna Liaqat
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Groblje 3, 1230 Domzale, Slovenia
| | - Amna Parveen
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University Medical Campus, No. 191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea
- Correspondence: or (A.P.); (S.Y.K.)
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University Medical Campus, No. 191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea
- Correspondence: or (A.P.); (S.Y.K.)
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Kadir A, Singh J, Rahi V, Kumar P. Berberine Ameliorate Haloperidol and 3-Nitropropionic Acid-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:3285-3297. [PMID: 35876936 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03677-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Berberine due to its antioxidant properties, has been used around the globe significantly to treat several brain disorders. Also, oxidative stress is a pathological hallmark in neurodegenerative diseases like Huntington's disease (HD) and Tardive dyskinesia (TD). Berberine an alkaloid from plants has been reported to have neuroprotective potential in several animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of berberine in the animal model of 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) induced HD and haloperidol induced tardive dyskinesia with special emphasis on its antioxidant property. The study protocol was divided into 2 phases, first phase involved the administration of 3-NP and berberine at the dose of (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) intraperitoneally (i.p) and orally (p.o.) respectively for 21 days, and the following parameters (rotarod, narrow beam walk and photoactometer) as a measure of motor activity and striatal and cortical levels of (LPO, GSH, SOD, catalase, and nitrate) evaluated as a measure of oxidative stress were assessed for HD. Similarly in the second phase, TD was induced by using haloperidol, for 21 days and berberine at the dose of (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) was administered, and both physical and biochemical parameters were assessed as mentioned for the HD study. The resultant data indicated that berberine attenuate 3-NP and haloperidol-induced behavioral changes and improved the antioxidant capcity in rodents. Hence berberine might be a novel therapeutic candidate to manage TD & HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Kadir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, 151001, India
| | - Jasdeep Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, 151001, India
| | - Vikrant Rahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, 151001, India
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
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Pharmacological, Neurochemical, and Behavioral Mechanisms Underlying the Anxiolytic- and Antidepressant-like Effects of Flavonoid Chrysin. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27113551. [PMID: 35684488 PMCID: PMC9182416 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) is a flavonoid isolated from plants, such as Passiflora coerulea, Passiflora incarnata, and Matricaria chamomilla. This natural molecule exerts diverse pharmacological effects, which includes antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, neuroprotective, and anti-apoptotic effects. Additionally, in brain structures, such as the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, raphe nucleus, and striatum, involved in the physiopathology of anxiety and depression disorders, several neuropharmacological activities, including the activation of neurotransmitter systems (GABAergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic, and noradrenergic), neurotrophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor and the nerve growth factor, and some signaling pathways are affected. The results showed that the anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects of chrysin occurs through its interaction with specific neurotransmitter systems, principally the GABAergic and the serotonergic, and activation of other neurotrophic factors. However, it is not possible to discard the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of chrysin while producing its anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects. Although these results have been obtained principally from pre-clinical research, they consistently demonstrate the potential therapeutic use of flavonoid chrysin as an anxiolytic and antidepressant agent. Therefore, this flavonoid could be considered as a promising novel therapy for anxiety and depression disorders.
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Iftikhar A, Nausheen R, Muzaffar H, Naeem MA, Farooq M, Khurshid M, Almatroudi A, Alrumaihi F, Allemailem KS, Anwar H. Potential Therapeutic Benefits of Honey in Neurological Disorders: The Role of Polyphenols. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103297. [PMID: 35630774 PMCID: PMC9143627 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Honey is the principal premier product of beekeeping familiar to Homo for centuries. In every geological era and culture, evidence can be traced to the potential usefulness of honey in several ailments. With the advent of recent scientific approaches, honey has been proclaimed as a potent complementary and alternative medicine for the management and treatment of several maladies including various neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and multiple sclerosis, etc. In the literature archive, oxidative stress and the deprivation of antioxidants are believed to be the paramount cause of many of these neuropathies. Since different types of honey are abundant with certain antioxidants, primarily in the form of diverse polyphenols, honey is undoubtedly a strong pharmaceutic candidate against multiple neurological diseases. In this review, we have indexed and comprehended the involved mechanisms of various constituent polyphenols including different phenolic acids, flavonoids, and other phytochemicals that manifest multiple antioxidant effects in various neurological disorders. All these mechanistic interpretations of the nutritious components of honey explain and justify the potential recommendation of sweet nectar in ameliorating the burden of neurological disorders that have significantly increased across the world in the last few decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arslan Iftikhar
- Department of Physiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (A.I.); (R.N.); (H.M.)
| | - Rimsha Nausheen
- Department of Physiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (A.I.); (R.N.); (H.M.)
| | - Humaira Muzaffar
- Department of Physiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (A.I.); (R.N.); (H.M.)
| | - Muhammad Ahsan Naeem
- Department of Basic Sciences, KBCMA College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Narowal 51600, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang 35200, Pakistan;
| | - Mohsin Khurshid
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (F.A.)
| | - Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (F.A.)
| | - Khaled S. Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (F.A.)
- Correspondence: (H.A.); (K.S.A.)
| | - Haseeb Anwar
- Department of Physiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (A.I.); (R.N.); (H.M.)
- Correspondence: (H.A.); (K.S.A.)
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An updated review on the versatile role of chrysin in neurological diseases: Chemistry, pharmacology, and drug delivery approaches. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111906. [PMID: 34328092 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases are responsible for a large number of morbidities and mortalities in the world. Flavonoids are phytochemicals that possess various health-promoting impacts. Chrysin, a natural flavonoid isolated from diverse fruits, vegetables, and even mushrooms, has several pharmacological activities comprising antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, anticancer, and neuroprotective effects. The current study was designed to review the relationship between chrysin administration and neurological complications by discussing the feasible mechanism and signaling pathways. Herein, we mentioned the sources, pharmacological properties, chemistry, and drug delivery systems associated with chrysin pharmacotherapy. The role of chrysin was discussed in depression, anxiety, neuroinflammation, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, epilepsy, cerebral ischemia, spinal cord injury, neuropathy, Multiple Sclerosis, and Guillain-Barré Syndrome. The findings indicate that chrysin has protective effects against neurological conditions by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in animal models. However, more studies should be done to clear the neuroprotective effects of chrysin.
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