1
|
Black women's experiences of gendered racial sexual objectification, body image, and depressive symptoms. Body Image 2022; 41:443-452. [PMID: 35567996 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Black women navigate unique sexual objectification experiences and concerns about their bodies as a consequence of the race- and gender-based marginalization that they face. However, less is known about the influence of gendered racial sexual objectification experiences on Black women's mental health (i.e., depressive symptoms) or the contributions of key body image indicators (i.e., body surveillance and current-ideal body image discrepancy) that reflect Black women's engagement in monitoring and managing their bodies. We surveyed 1595 Black women to test our hypotheses that experiences of gendered racial sexual objectification (i.e., frequency and stress appraisal) would be positively associated with depressive symptoms and that body surveillance and current-ideal body image discrepancy would moderate this association. Analyses showed that more frequent experiences of gendered racial sexual objectification and higher stress appraisal of these experiences were significantly associated with more depressive symptoms. Furthermore, body surveillance and current-ideal body image discrepancy moderated the relation between gendered racial sexual objectification and depressive symptoms. Findings highlight how Black women's objectification and increased engagement in body monitoring and management practices are associated with their experiences of depressive symptoms, and thus, may negatively influence their mental health.
Collapse
|
2
|
Teixeira PA, Silva WRD, Campos LAD, Marôco J, Campos JADB. Psychometric investigation of the Attention to Body Shape Scale in Brazilian adults. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2022; 27:1443-1453. [PMID: 35475825 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232022274.01972021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of the study were to develop a Portuguese version of Attention to Body Shape Scale (ABS), estimate the psychometric properties of the ABS for Brazilian data, and compare the ABS scores between the sexes and the different sample characteristics. The Portuguese version was developed following a standardized protocol. The factorial and convergent validity were evaluated using goodness-of-fit parameters and average variance extracted. Composite reliability and ordinal coefficient alpha were calculated. The invariance of the fitted model was investigated across independent subsamples using multigroup analysis. The scores were compared between variables using two-way ANOVA. A total of 1,056 individuals (71% female) with a mean age of 26.1 (SD=6.4) years participated in the study. Item 3 was removed due to low factor loading. The refined model presented good psychometric properties for the data. Different characteristics contributed to greater attention to body shape. The Portuguese version of the ABS will be useful to investigate attention to body shape in Brazil. The validity and reliability of the data supported the adequacy of the refined model. Specific characteristics influenced attention to body shape, and therefore, should be considered in future protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Angélica Teixeira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP). Rod. Araraquara-Jaú Km 1, Machados. 14800-901 Araraquara SP Brasil.
| | - Wanderson Roberto da Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP). Rod. Araraquara-Jaú Km 1, Machados. 14800-901 Araraquara SP Brasil.
| | | | - João Marôco
- University Institute of Psychological, Social and Life Sciences. Lisbon Portugal
| | - Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini Campos
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP). Rod. Araraquara-Jaú Km 1, Machados. 14800-901 Araraquara SP Brasil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Joo YY, Kim J, Lee K, Cho GJ, Yi KW. Misperception of body weight and associated socioeconomic and health-related factors among Korean female adults: A nationwide population-based study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1007129. [PMID: 36619562 PMCID: PMC9816400 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1007129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Misperception of body weight is associated with various psychological and health problems, including obesity, eating disorders, and mental problems. To date, female-specific risk factors, including socioeconomic or health-related lifestyle features, or their indicative performance for the misperception in Asian women according to age groups remain unknown. OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors for the mismatch in self-perceived body weight and evaluated the classification performance of the identified risk factors across age groups in female adults. METHODS We analyzed data of 22,121 women (age 19-97 years) from the 7-year Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey dataset (2010-2016). We evaluated self-perceived body weight of the participants with their actual weight using the body mass index cut-off and grouped them by age: early adulthood (19-45), middle adulthood (46-59), and late adulthood (≥60). Logistic regression was conducted in each age group based on their weight misperception. The classification performance of the identified risk factors was evaluated with a bagging tree ensemble model with 5-fold cross-validation. RESULTS 22.2% (n=4,916) of the study participants incorrectly perceived their body weight, of which 14.1% (n=3,110) and 8.2% (n=1,806) were in the underestimated and overestimated groups. Among the age groups, the proportion of participants who misperceived their body weight was highest in late adulthood (31.8%) and the rate of overestimation was highest in early adulthood (14.1%). We found that a lower education level, absence of menopause, perception of themselves as unhealthy, and efforts for weight management were significantly associated with the overall misperception (overestimation or underestimation) of body weight across age groups. Based on the identified risk factors, the highest area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) and accuracy of the best classification model (weight overestimation in all participants) were 0.758 and 0.761, respectively. Adding various associated lifestyle factors to the baseline model resulted in an average increase of 0.159 and 0.135 in AUROC for classifying weight underestimation and overestimation, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Age, education level, marital status, absence of menopause, amount of exercise, efforts for weight management (gain, loss, and maintenance), and self-perceived health status were significantly associated with the mismatch of body weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jina Kim
- Department of Statistics, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwon Lee
- Department of Food and Resource Economics, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum Joon Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong Wook Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Kyong Wook Yi,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tiraboschi GA, Superbia-Guimarães L, Piran M, Bruneli GG, Fukusima SS, de Moraes Jr. R. The sex of body images modulates size estimations and lateralized responses in body perception. Laterality 2020; 25:699-721. [DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2020.1840576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marina Piran
- Department of Psychology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Sérgio S. Fukusima
- Department of Psychology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rui de Moraes Jr.
- Department of Basic Psychological Processes, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lee M, Damhorst ML. Women's Body Image Throughout the Adult Life Span: A Latent Growth Modeling Approach. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2019; 91:317-339. [PMID: 31464144 DOI: 10.1177/0091415019871206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This retrospective study examined developmental trajectories of women's body image perceptions throughout the adult life span from life course and self-discrepancy theory perspectives. Data were collected from women over 65 years of age, recruited from 15 senior communities and centers in a Midwest U.S. state in 2012. A total of 102 older women completed a survey about their past and current body image perceptions. To examine developmental trajectories of the repeated body image measures, a latent growth modeling analysis was adopted. Distinct and significant trajectories in each body image measure during the entire adult life course were found, confirming that a retrospective account of women's body image perceptions significantly change with age. The individual differences in the trajectories over time and the relationship between an individual's initial mean level and the rate of change on each variable were also examined. The findings advanced understanding of the retrospective age effects on women's body image throughout the adult life span.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minsun Lee
- 34958 Center for Perception and Behavioral Research, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Mary Lynn Damhorst
- 228928 Department of Apparel, Events, and Hospitality Management, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Patient Body Image and Satisfaction with Surgical Wound Appearance After Reduced Port Surgery for Colorectal Diseases. World J Surg 2017; 40:1748-54. [PMID: 27094561 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-016-3414-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of reduced port surgery (RPS) is increasing in the field of colorectal surgery. It is considered to offer advantages over conventional multiport surgery (MPS) in terms of decreased invasiveness and superior cosmesis. However, to date there has been no study that evaluates patient satisfaction after undergoing RPS for colorectal diseases. Herein, we present a questionnaire-based study to address this issue. METHODS Questionnaires were sent by mail to 216 patients who underwent RPS and 145 who underwent MPS. Patient's satisfaction with cosmesis and body image after colorectal surgery was assessed using a validated Body Image Questionnaire (BIQ) and Photo Series Questionnaire (PSQ). RESULTS A total of 76.9 % (166/216) of the RPS patients and 70.3 % (102/145) of the MPS patients returned the questionnaires. BIQ scores gradually improved after surgery, and were more positive overall in the RPS group compared to the MPS group. RPS patients marked significantly better PSQ scores than MPS patients (P < 0.05). In RPS subset analysis, patients with single port surgery (SPS) rated better PSQ scores than patients with SPS with additional port insertion (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION We find that RPS, especially SPS, enhances patient satisfaction by reducing abdominal wall trauma. This new advantage of RPS may prove valuable in its consideration as an option in laparoscopic colorectal surgery.
Collapse
|
7
|
MacNeill LP, Best LA, Davis LL. The role of personality in body image dissatisfaction and disordered eating: discrepancies between men and women. J Eat Disord 2017; 5:44. [PMID: 29075494 PMCID: PMC5648431 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-017-0177-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body image and disordered eating research has focused mostly on the female experience. The present study examined gender differences in the relationship between personality, disordered eating, and body image dissatisfaction. METHODS Participants were 238 female and 85 male undergraduates (Mage = 20.52 years, SD = 4.22) at a Canadian university. Materials included a battery of self-report questionnaires pertaining to personality, body image, and disordered eating. RESULTS As expected, females reported more body dissatisfaction and disordered eating than males. Personality factors were found to be significantly related to the experience of body dissatisfaction in both genders. Further, several personality traits significantly contributed to the prediction of male (high Neuroticism, low Conscientiousness) and female (high Neuroticism) body dissatisfaction beyond the influence of body mass index (BMI). Interestingly, and contrary to findings with female participants, personality traits were not significantly related to disordered eating scores in men. Among women, disordered eating scores were significantly predicted by high Neuroticism and Extraversion, and low Conscientiousness. CONCLUSIONS Although the relationship between disordered eating, body image dissatisfaction, and personality is well-documented in females, this relation may differ for males. The focus on male body image has been increasing in Western society; exploring how males view their bodies may be beneficial to researchers and clinicians alike.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L P MacNeill
- Deparment of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, 100 Tucker Park Road, P.O. Box 5050, Saint John, NB E2L 4L5 Canada
| | - L A Best
- Deparment of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, 100 Tucker Park Road, P.O. Box 5050, Saint John, NB E2L 4L5 Canada
| | - L L Davis
- Deparment of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, 100 Tucker Park Road, P.O. Box 5050, Saint John, NB E2L 4L5 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bailey KA, Cline LE, Gammage KL. Exploring the complexities of body image experiences in middle age and older adult women within an exercise context: The simultaneous existence of negative and positive body images. Body Image 2016; 17:88-99. [PMID: 26989980 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite many body changes that accompany the aging process, the extant research is limited on middle age and older adults' body image experiences. The purpose of the present study was to explore how body image is represented for middle age and older adult women. Using thematic analysis, 10 women over the age of 55 were interviewed within an exercise context. The following themes were found: body dissatisfaction, body satisfaction despite ageist stereotypes, neutral body image within cohort, and positive body image characteristics. Negative and positive body images were experienced simultaneously, with neutral experiences expressed as low levels of dissatisfaction. This supports the contention that negative and positive body images exist on separate continuums and neutral body image is likely on the same continuum as negative body image. Programs that foster a social support network to reduce negative body image and improve positive body image in older female populations are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Alysse Bailey
- Brock-Niagara Centre for Health & Well-Being, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.
| | - Lindsay E Cline
- Brock-Niagara Centre for Health & Well-Being, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Kimberley L Gammage
- Brock-Niagara Centre for Health & Well-Being, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
MacNeill LP, Best LA. Perceived current and ideal body size in female undergraduates. Eat Behav 2015; 18:71-5. [PMID: 25955887 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Body image dissatisfaction and disordered eating attitudes and behaviors are pervasive problems in Western society, particularly for females. The female "thin-ideal" is a potent contributor to the growing discontent with the female body and research has shown that even females who are normal or underweight, perceive themselves as overweight. The goal of the current study was to examine correlates of body image satisfaction and the perception of the female body. One hundred and sixty six female undergraduates (Mean Age=21.40 years) completed self-report measures pertaining to disordered eating (EAT-26) and body dissatisfaction (BIQ and ABS). Body image perception and satisfaction were measured using ratings of female bodies on a weight perception scale (PFRS). Overall, disordered eating was related to a lower ideal body size and greater body dissatisfaction. In support of previous research, the most common ideal female body had a BMI categorized as underweight. Although females in the current sample reported an ideal that was smaller than their current size, participants underestimated their current body size, which, given the amount of dieting and weight pressure in present Western society, seems counterintuitive. It is possible that thin ideal portrayed in the media is increasingly different from and at odds with the average female body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa A Best
- University of New Brunswick, Saint John, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Strimas R, M. Dionne M, E. Cassin S, Wnuk S, Taube-Schiff M, Sockalingam S. Psychopathology in severely obese women from a Canadian bariatric setting. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1108/eihsc-10-2013-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
– Evidence suggests high rates of psychiatric disorders in bariatric surgery candidates (e.g. Mitchell et al., 2012), although no rigorous studies have examined the prevalence in a Canadian sample. Improved understanding of the prevalence of psychopathology among female patients is an important area of study, as females comprise approximately 80 percent of surgical candidates (Martin et al., 2010; Padwal, 2005). The purpose of this paper is to assess the prevalence of Axis I disorders and associations with quality of life in a Canadian sample of female bariatric surgery candidates.
Design/methodology/approach
– Female patients (n=257) were assessed using a structured psychodiagnostic interview and completed a health-related quality of life questionnaire.
Findings
– Results indicated that 57.2 percent of patients met DSM-IV-TR criteria for a lifetime psychiatric disorder and 18.3 percent met criteria for a current psychiatric disorder. Major depressive disorder was the most common lifetime psychiatric disorder (35.0 percent) and binge eating disorder was the most prevalent current psychiatric disorder (6.6 percent). Patients scored significantly lower than Canadian population norms on all domains of the SF-36 (all p's<0.001). Patients with a current Axis I disorder also reported significantly worse functioning on four mental health domains and one physical health domain (p's<0.01) compared to patients without a current Axis I disorder.
Originality/value
– Results confirm high rates of psychiatric disorders in Canadian female bariatric surgery candidates and provide evidence for associated functional health impairment. Further study is needed to elucidate how pre-operative psychopathology may impact female patients’ post-operative outcomes.
Collapse
|
11
|
Davis HA, Holland LA, Keel PK. A preliminary examination of a nonpurging compensatory eating disorder. Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:239-43. [PMID: 24105678 PMCID: PMC3947431 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate correlates of a compensatory eating disorder (CED) characterized by recurrent nonpurging compensatory behaviors in the absence of objectively large binge episodes among normal weight individuals who endorse undue influence of weight/shape on self-evaluation as possible indicators of clinical significance and distinctiveness. METHOD Women with CED (n = 20), women with bulimia nervosa (BN) (n = 20), and controls (n = 20) completed an interview and questionnaires assessing eating disorder and general psychopathology and weight history. RESULTS Compared with controls, women with CED reported significantly greater body image disturbance and disordered eating, higher anxiety proneness, increased perfectionism, and greater weight suppression. Compared with BN, CED was associated with significantly less body image disturbance, disordered eating, weight suppression, and lower likelihood of being overweight in childhood. However, CED and BN did not differ on anxiety proneness or perfectionism. DISCUSSION CED merits further examination to determine whether it is a clinically significant and distinct eating disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pamela K. Keel
- Correspondence to: Pamela K. Keel, Ph.D., Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107 W. Call St., Tallahassee, FL, 32306.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Inoue S, Ikeda K, Kobayashi K, Kajiwara M, Teishima J, Matsubara A. Patient-reported satisfaction and cosmesis outcomes following laparoscopic adrenalectomy: Laparoendoscopic single-site adrenalectomy vs. conventional laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Can Urol Assoc J 2014; 8:E20-5. [PMID: 24454596 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.1543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We evaluate patient-reported satisfaction and cosmesis of laparoendoscopic single-site adrenalectomy (LESS-A) in comparison with that of conventional laparoscopic adrenalectomy (CLA). METHODS A total of 19 and 104 patients who respectively underwent LESS-A and CLA between May 1996 and June 2011 were included in the study. Questionnaires inquiring about scar pain (0: not painful, 10: very painful), satisfaction (0: not satisfied, 10: very satisfied) and cosmesis (0: very unsightly, 10: very beautiful) on the basis of a visual analogue scale were sent to patients postoperatively. RESULTS The respondents consisted of 11 and 54 patients who underwent LESS-A and CLA, respectively. There was no significant inter-group difference in age, sex, affected side or body mass index. No significant differences were observed in operative time or estimated blood loss. There were also no significant differences in pain (0.67 vs. 0.57, p = 0.393), satisfaction (8.92 vs. 8.46, p = 0.453), or cosmesis score (8.58 vs. 8.00, p = 0.487) between the LESS-A and CLA groups overall. In female patients, the satisfaction score was significantly higher in the LESS-A group than in the CLA group (10.0 vs. 8.72, p = 0.049). In young patients (<50 years old), the satisfaction score was also significantly higher in the LESS-A group than in the CLA group (9.17 vs. 6.38, p = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS Young patients and female patients who had received LESS-A adrenal surgery were more satisfied with the scar outcomes than were the young patients and female patients who had received CLA. We suggest that this patient subset most values the cosmetic benefits of LESS-A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Inoue
- Department of Urology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Ikeda
- Department of Urology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kanao Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kajiwara
- Department of Urology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Jun Teishima
- Department of Urology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akio Matsubara
- Department of Urology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lafont J, Oberle CD. Expressive Writing Effects on Body Image: Symptomatic versus Asymptomatic Women. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/psych.2014.55053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
14
|
HELLGREN EM, LAGERGREN P, LARSSON AC, SCHANDL AR, SACKEY PV. Body image and psychological outcome after severe skin and soft tissue infection requiring intensive care. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2013; 57:220-8. [PMID: 23167497 DOI: 10.1111/aas.12015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with severe skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) requiring intensive care unit (ICU) stay are commonly treated with antibiotics, surgery and in some centers also with hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Long-term follow-up of body image and psychological outcome has not been described despite extensive surgery, potentially altered body image and subsequent psychological problems. The aim was to describe perceived body image and its relation to anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-related symptoms in patients with severe SSTI 1 year after ICU stay. Specifically, we aimed to assess potential differences related to gender and anatomic site of infection. METHODS Fifty patients treated for severe SSTI in the General ICU, Karolinska University Hospital 2008-2010 received the body image scale (BIS), impact of event scale (IES), and hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) 1 year after ICU discharge. RESULTS Abdominoperineal SSTI was associated with more body image problems than other anatomic sites of infection in both men and women. Generally, women reported higher BIS scores than men (median 9.5 vs. 3.0 of total 30, P < 0.03) indicating more negative body image. A substantial number of patients reported scar dissatisfaction (63.9%), body dissatisfaction (51.1%) and body feeling less whole (51.0%). BIS scores correlated with HADS anxiety (r = 0.59, P < 0.01), depression (r = 0.60, P < 0.01) and IES (r = 0.61, P < 0.01) scores. CONCLUSION One year after severe SSTI requiring intensive care, women and patients with abdominoperineal SSTI reported significantly more body image problems. Negative body image was associated with anxiety, depression and PTSD-related symptoms. Specific follow-up for SSTI patients is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - P. LAGERGREN
- Unit of Upper Gastrointestinal Research (UGIR); Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm; Sweden
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Michels-Lucht F, Lucht M, Spitzer C, Freyberger HJ. Lästererfahrungen, Körperbild und Körpergewicht bei jungen Erwachsenen. PSYCHOTHERAPEUT 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00278-012-0943-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
16
|
Castonguay AL, Brunet J, Ferguson L, Sabiston CM. Weight-related actual and ideal self-states, discrepancies, and shame, guilt, and pride: examining associations within the process model of self-conscious emotions. Body Image 2012; 9:488-94. [PMID: 22921162 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the associations between women's actual:ideal weight-related self-discrepancies and experiences of weight-related shame, guilt, and authentic pride using self-discrepancy (Higgins, 1987) and self-conscious emotion (Tracy & Robins, 2004) theories as guiding frameworks. Participants (N=398) completed self-report questionnaires. Main analyses involved polynomial regressions, followed by the computation and evaluation of response surface values. Actual and ideal weight self-states were related to shame (R2 = .35), guilt (R2 = .25), and authentic pride (R2 = .08). When the discrepancy between actual and ideal weights increased, shame and guilt also increased, while authentic pride decreased. Findings provide partial support for self-discrepancy theory and the process model of self-conscious emotions. Experiencing weight-related self-discrepancies may be important cognitive appraisals related to shame, guilt, and authentic pride. Further research is needed exploring the relations between self-discrepancies and a range of weight-related self-conscious emotions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andree L Castonguay
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wong Y, Chang YJ, Tsai MR, Liu TW, Lin W. The body image, weight satisfaction, and eating disorder tendency of school children: the 2-year follow-up study. J Am Coll Nutr 2011; 30:126-33. [PMID: 21730220 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2011.10719951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This 2-year follow-up study was conducted to enhance our understanding of changes and rates of disturbed eating attitudes/behaviors, weight satisfaction, and prevalence of obesity in elementary school students between the ages of 10 and 12 years. METHODS Questionnaires consisted of the following sections: (A) Demographics, (B) Body image, (C) Pubertal Development Scale, and (D) Children's Eating Attitudes Test-26 (ChEAT-26). School-based randomly selected participants completed the questionnaire at 10 years of age and repeated the same questionnaire 2 years later, at 12 years of age. RESULTS The following findings were reported: (1) when changes at 2 years were compared, it was seen that the actual body weight of boys tended to increase, and perceived body size and desired body weight showed significant changes; (2) the percentage of children who wanted to be thinner increased, especially among girls; and (3) the percentage of participants with a tendency toward eating disorders (measured by ChEAT-26, ≥20) decreased from 10.4% to 10.1% in boys, and increased from 10.9% to 12.3% in girls. CONCLUSION Nutritional education should emphasize the importance of correct body image and eating attitudes for the prevention of unhealthy body weight concerns and eating disorders in children. Caregivers' attitudes about weight and how caregivers deliver information on weight issues to children should be recognized as important factors related to healthy body image and eating attitudes among children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueching Wong
- Department of Nutrition, ChungShan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tantleff-Dunn S, Barnes RD, Larose JG. It's not just a "woman thing:" the current state of normative discontent. Eat Disord 2011; 19:392-402. [PMID: 21932970 PMCID: PMC3760219 DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2011.609088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed "normative discontent," the concept that most women experience weight dissatisfaction, as an emerging societal stereotype for women and men (Rodin, Silberstein, & Streigel-Moore, 1984). Participants (N = 472) completed measures of stereotypes, eating disorders, and body image. Normative discontent stereotypes were pervasive for women and men. Endorsing stereotypes varied by sex and participants' own disturbance, with trends towards eating disorder symptomotology being positively correlated with stereotype endorsement. Individuals with higher levels of body image and eating disturbance may normalize their behavior by perceiving that most people share their experiences. Future research needs to test prevention and intervention strategies that incorporate the discrepancies between body image/eating-related stereotypes and reality with focus on preventing normalization of such experiences.
Collapse
|
19
|
Benas JS, Uhrlass DJ, Gibb BE. Body dissatisfaction and weight-related teasing: a model of cognitive vulnerability to depression among women. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2010; 41:352-6. [PMID: 20382374 PMCID: PMC4349566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2010.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2009] [Revised: 03/14/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although a number of studies have linked body dissatisfaction to depressive symptoms, few have done so within the framework of a vulnerability-stress model. We hypothesized that women's levels of body dissatisfaction would interact with recent experiences of vulnerability-congruent negative life events (i.e., weight-related teasing) to predict prospective changes in depressive symptoms. Consistent with these hypotheses, experiences of weight-related teasing were more strongly related to depressive symptom increases among women with high, compared to low, levels of body dissatisfaction. These results support the hypothesis that body dissatisfaction moderates the impact of weight-related teasing on depressive symptom changes.
Collapse
|
20
|
|
21
|
Liou YM, Liou TH, Chang LC. Obesity among adolescents: sedentary leisure time and sleeping as determinants. J Adv Nurs 2010; 66:1246-56. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.05293.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
22
|
Vlahou CH, Cohen LL, Woods AM, Lewis JD, Gold BD. Age and Body Satisfaction Predict Diet Adherence in Adolescents with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2008; 15:278-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s10880-008-9125-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2008] [Accepted: 07/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
23
|
Thianthai C. Do male and female adolescents view their dissatisfaction with body parts in the same way? Int J Adolesc Med Health 2008; 20:33-39. [PMID: 18540282 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh.2008.20.1.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE (1) To learn how female and male adolescents view their dissatisfaction toward body parts, and (2) learn how gender-related dissatisfaction toward body parts in Thai adolescents differs from those studied in Western countries. METHODS The researcher recruited 400 Thai male and female adolescents in Bangkok, attending high school to freshmen level, and ranging from 16-19 years, to participate in this study. Survey questionnaires containing questions related to the research objectives were distributed to each student. In addition, the researcher conducted in-depth follow-up interviews with 40 students to gain insightful data, which were beneficial for the content and percentage result analysis. RESULTS The findings show that Thai female and male adolescents viewed their dissatisfaction toward body parts differently. Whereas Thai female adolescents viewed their dissatisfied body parts individually and looked at their bodies in detail, Thai male adolescents tended to view their bodies as a whole and describe their dissatisfied body parts as problematic area(s). Moreover, some of the results in this study showed similarity with research conducted in the West. However, there were also differences that can be seen in detail showing a variation on the gender-related dissatisfied body parts names, percentage to each body part/area, and its beautified meanings. Like studies conducted in the West, female adolescents showed greater dissatisfaction toward their bodies and felt more pressure to fix problematic parts than did men. CONCLUSIONS How females and males view their bodies differently can be linked to greater incidence of dieting and eating disorders in females than in males.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chulanee Thianthai
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Faculty of Political Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Walfish S, Brown EC. Male Patient Presurgical Expectations of Weight Loss from Bariatric Surgery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1089/bar.2007.9950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric C. Brown
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Polle SW, Dunker MS, Slors JFM, Sprangers MA, Cuesta MA, Gouma DJ, Bemelman WA. Body image, cosmesis, quality of life, and functional outcome of hand-assisted laparoscopic versus open restorative proctocolectomy: long-term results of a randomized trial. Surg Endosc 2007; 21:1301-7. [PMID: 17522936 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-007-9294-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2006] [Revised: 11/14/2006] [Accepted: 12/23/2006] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to compare quality of life (QOL), functional outcome, body image, and cosmesis after hand-assisted laparoscopic (LRP) versus open restorative proctocolectomy (ORP). The potential long-term advantages of LRP over ORP remain to be determined. The most likely advantage of LRP is the superior cosmetic result. It is, however, unclear whether the size and location of incisions affect body image and QOL. METHODS In a previously conducted randomized trial comparing LRP with ORP, 60 patients were prospectively evaluated. The primary end points were body image and cosmesis. The secondary end points were morbidity, QOL, and functional outcome. A body image questionnaire was used to evaluate body image and cosmesis. The Short Form-36 Health Survey and the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Inventory were used to assess QOL. Body image and QOL also were assessed preoperatively. RESULTS A total of 53 patients completed the QOL and functional outcome questionnaires. There were no differences in functional outcome, morbidity, or QOL between LRP and ORP. At a median of 2.7 years after surgery, 46 patients returned the questionnaires regarding body image, cosmesis, and morbidity. The body image and cosmesis scores of female patients were significantly higher in the LRP group than in the ORP group (body image, 17.4 vs 14.9; cosmesis, 19.1 vs 13.0, respectively). The female patients in the ORP group had significantly lower body image scores than the male patients (14.9 vs 18.3). CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to show that ORP has a negative impact on body image and cosmesis as compared with LRP. Functional outcome, QOL, and morbidity are similar for the two approaches. The advantages of a long-lasting improved body image and cosmesis for this relatively young patient population may compensate for the longer operating times and higher costs, particularly for women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S W Polle
- Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Huang JS, Harrity S, Lee D, Becerra K, Santos R, Mathews WC. Body image in women with HIV: a cross-sectional evaluation. AIDS Res Ther 2006; 3:17. [PMID: 16824226 PMCID: PMC1553466 DOI: 10.1186/1742-6405-3-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2006] [Accepted: 07/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV lipodystrophy syndrome is a recognized complication of potent antiretroviral therapy and is characterized by often dramatic changes in various body fat stores, both central and peripheral. Given prior findings of heightened body image dysphoria among HIV-infected men with lipodystrophy as compared to HIV-infected men without lipodystrophy, we sought to determine body image among HIV-infected and HIV-negative women and to determine the relationship of HIV and lipodystrophy with body image. Our a priori hypothesis was that women with HIV and lipodystrophy would have significantly poorer body image as compared to women without HIV and to women with HIV without lipodystrophy. RESULTS 116 women responded to two previously validated self-report instruments (Body Image Quality of Life Index (BIQLI) and the Situational Inventory of Body-Image Dysphoria-Short Form (SIBID-S)) on body image. 62 (53% subjects) HIV-infected women were recruited at the university-based HIV clinic. 54 (47% subjects) HIV-negative female controls were recruited from another study evaluating bone density in otherwise healthy controls. 96% identified their sexual orientation as women having sex with men. Among the HIV-infected group, 36 reported the presence of lipodystrophic characteristics and 26 reported no lipodystrophic changes. Agreement regarding the presence of lipodystrophy between physician and subject was 0.67 as measured by the kappa coefficient of agreement. Compared to HIV-negative women, HIV-positive women demonstrated poor body image as measured by BIQLI (p = 0.0009). Compared with HIV-infected women who denied lipodystrophy, HIV-infected women with self-reported lipodystrophy demonstrated poor body image as measured by BIQLI (p = 0.02) and SIBID-S scales (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION We demonstrate that HIV and lipodystrophy status among women is associated with poor body image. Universal efforts should be made in the HIV medical community to recognize body image issues particularly among persons affected by lipodystrophy so that appropriate intervention and support may be provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeannie S Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
- Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Shawn Harrity
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Daniel Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Karen Becerra
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Rosanne Santos
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Carano A, De Berardis D, Gambi F, Di Paolo C, Campanella D, Pelusi L, Sepede G, Mancini E, La Rovere R, Salini G, Cotellessa C, Salerno RM, Ferro FM. Alexithymia and body image in adult outpatients with binge eating disorder. Int J Eat Disord 2006; 39:332-40. [PMID: 16523473 DOI: 10.1002/eat.20238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study elucidates the relations between alexithymia and body image in patients with binge eating disorder (BED). METHOD One hundred one patients with BED were evaluated. Alexithymia was measured with the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). The severity of BED was measured with the Binge Eating Scale (BES). Body concerns were assessed with the Body Shape Questionnaire-Short Version (BSQ-S), the Body Uneasiness Test (BUT), and the Body Attitude Test (BAT). Additional measures were the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). RESULTS The prevalence of alexithymia in our sample was 39.6% (n = 40) and individuals with alexithymia showed higher scores on all rating scales. Higher body dissatisfaction, lower self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and the Difficulty in Identifying Feelings/Difficulty in Describing Feelings subscales of the TAS-20 were predictors of the severity of BED in the linear regression analysis. CONCLUSION Alexithymia was associated with more severe BED. Individuals with alexithymia and BED exhibited significantly poorer appearance evaluation and body satisfaction as well as higher depressive symptoms than individuals without alexithymia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Carano
- Department of Oncology and Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Scagliusi FB, Polacow VO, Cordás TA, Coelho D, Alvarenga M, Philippi ST, Lancha AH. Psychometric testing and applications of the Body Attitudes Questionnaire translated into Portuguese. Percept Mot Skills 2005; 101:25-41. [PMID: 16350606 DOI: 10.2466/pms.101.1.25-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although many body attitudes scales have been developed, none have been translated into Portuguese. This study aimed to translate the Ben-Tovim and Walker Body Attitudes Questionnaire and assess validity and reliability for a Brazilian sample. Women with (n = 39) and without (n = 57) eating disorders completed the scale, to assess discriminant validity. Convergent validity was assessed by the correlations between the scores and a measure of body dissatisfaction. The questionnaire was applied twice to controls after 1 mo. to evaluate reliability. Eating-disordered women had significantly higher mean scores on Feeling Fat, Disparagement, Salience and Lower Body Fatness, and lower scores on Attractiveness. No mean difference on Strength and Fitness was found. Most subscales were significantly correlated with the body-dissatisfaction measure. Test-retest coefficients ranged from .57 to .85. The translated version of the Body Attitudes Questionnaire seems to be a valid and reliable measure of body attitudes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Baeza Scagliusi
- Eating Disorder Program, Laboratory of Nutrition and Applied Metabolism, Institute and Department of Psychiatry, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello Moraes 65, São Paulo/SP, Brazil 05508-900.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Damasceno VO, Lima JRP, Vianna JM, Vianna VRÁ, Novaes JS. Tipo físico ideal e satisfação com a imagem corporal de praticantes de caminhada. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2005. [DOI: 10.1590/s1517-86922005000300006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
O objetivo do presente estudo foi quantificar o tipo físico ideal e verificar o nível de insatisfação com a imagem corporal de praticantes de caminhada. Participaram do estudo 186 pessoas: 87 mulheres (idade = 28,70 ± 12,6 anos, estatura = 161,6 ± 6,2cm, massa corporal = 58,9 ± 12,0kg e gordura = 25,7 ± 7,8 G%) e 98 homens (idade = 27,9 ± 12,9 anos, estatura = 177,2 ± 6,9cm, massa corporal = 75,0 ± 12,3kg e gordura = 13,3 ± 6,1 G%). Solicitou-se que as pessoas indicassem qual silhueta correspondia ao seu corpo atualmente e qual gostariam de atingir. Apenas 24% das mulheres estão satisfeitas. A silhueta 3 foi apontada como ideal a ser atingido por 55% das mulheres (silhueta 2 = 18%; e 4 = 21%). A silhueta 3, de acordo com os resultados desse estudo, corresponde ao G% 20,5 ± 0,9% (EPM) e ao IMC de 20,0 ± 0,3kg/m² (EPM). Quanto aos homens, apenas 18% estão satisfeitos. A silhueta 4 foi apontada como ideal por 47% dos homens (silhueta 3 = 23%; e 5 = 19%). A silhueta 4 corresponde ao G% 9,8 ± 1,4% (EPM) e ao IMC de 23,1 ± 0,4kg/m² (EPM). Existe um tipo físico ideal para ambos os sexos. Não houve diferença entre o grau de insatisfação com a imagem corporal entre os sexos.
Collapse
|
30
|
SCAGLIUSI FERNANDABAEZA. PSYCHOMETRIC TESTING AND APPLICATIONS OF THE BODY ATTITUDES QUESTIONNAIRE TRANSLATED INTO PORTUGUESE. Percept Mot Skills 2005. [DOI: 10.2466/pms.101.5.25-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|