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Zhang N, Nitsche MA, Miao Y, Xiong Z, Vicario CM, Qi F. Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation Over the Primary Motor Cortex and Cerebellum Improves Balance and Shooting Accuracy in Elite Ice Hockey Players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2024; 19:1107-1114. [PMID: 39179224 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2024-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) applied over the primary motor cortex (M1) and cerebellum on balance control and shooting accuracy in elite ice hockey players. METHODS Twenty-one elite ice hockey players underwent anodal tDCS over the M1 (a-tDCSM1), anodal tDCS over the cerebellum (a-tDCSCB), concurrent dual-site anodal tDCS over the M1 and the cerebellum (a-tDCSM1+CB), and sham stimulation (tDCSSHAM). Before and after receiving tDCS (2 mA for 15 min), participants completed an ice hockey shooting-accuracy test, Pro-Kin balance test (includes stance test and proprioceptive assessment), and Y-balance test in randomized order. RESULTS For static balance performance, the ellipse area in the 2-legged stance with eyes open and the 1-legged stance with the dominant leg significantly improved following a-tDCSM1, a-tDCSCB, and concurrent dual-site a-tDCSM1+CB, compared with tDCSSHAM (all P < .05, Cohen d = 0.64-1.06). In dynamic balance performance, the average trace error of the proprioceptive assessment and the composite score of the Y-balance test with the dominant leg significantly improved following a-tDCSM1 and concurrent dual-site a-tDCSM1+CB (all P < .05, Cohen d = 0.77-1.00). For the ice hockey shooting-accuracy test, shooting-accuracy while standing on the unstable platform significantly increased following a-tDCSM1 (P = .010, Cohen d = 0.81) and a-tDCSCB (P = .010, Cohen d = 0.92) compared with tDCSSHAM. CONCLUSION tDCS could potentially be a valuable tool in enhancing static and dynamic balance and shooting accuracy on unstable platforms in elite ice hockey players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- Sports Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, BJ, China
- Sports, Exercise and Brain Sciences Laboratory, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, BJ, China
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Center for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
- University Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and University Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, University Hospital OWL, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Yu Miao
- Sports Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, BJ, China
- Sports, Exercise and Brain Sciences Laboratory, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, BJ, China
| | - Zheng Xiong
- China Ice Sports College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, BJ, China
| | - Carmelo Mario Vicario
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, Psychology, Education and Cultural Studies, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Fengxue Qi
- Sports Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, BJ, China
- Sports, Exercise and Brain Sciences Laboratory, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, BJ, China
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Scaramuzzi GF, Spina AC, Manippa V, Amico F, Cornacchia E, Palmisano A, Scianatico G, Buscombe R, Avery R, Thoma V, Rivolta D. Darts fast-learning reduces theta power but is not affected by Hf-tRNS: A behavioral and electrophysiological investigation. Brain Res 2024; 1846:149249. [PMID: 39313166 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Sports trainers have recently shown increasing interest in innovative methods, including transcranial electric stimulation, to enhance motor performance and boost the acquisition of new skills during training. However, studies on the effectiveness of these tools on fast visuomotor learning and brain activity are still limited. In this randomized single-blind, sham-controlled, between-subjects study, we investigated whether a single training session, either coupled or not with 2 mA online high-frequency transcranial random noise stimulation (hf-tRNS) over the bilateral primary motor cortex (M1), would affect dart-throwing performance (i.e., radial error, arm range of motion, and movement variability) in 37 healthy volunteers. In addition, potential neurophysiological correlates were monitored before and after the training through a 32-electrode portable electroencephalogram (EEG). Results revealed that a single training session improved radial error and arm range of motion during the dart-throwing task, but not movement variability. Furthermore, after the training, resting state-EEG data showed a decrease in theta power. Radial error, arm movement, and EEG were not further modulated by hf-tRNS. This indicates that a single training session, regardless of hf-tRNS administration, improves dart-throwing precision and movement accuracy. However, it does not improve movement variability, which might require multiple training sessions (expertise resulting in slow learning). Theta power decrease could describe a more efficient use of cognitive resources (i.e., attention and visuomotor skills) due to the fast dart-throwing learning. Further research could explore different sports by applying longer stimulation protocols and evaluating other EEG variables to enhance our understanding of the lasting impacts of multi-session hf-tRNS on the sensorimotor cortex within the framework of slow learning and training assistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Concetta Spina
- Department of Education, Psychology and Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70122 Bari, Italy
| | - Valerio Manippa
- Department of Education, Psychology and Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70122 Bari, Italy.
| | - Francesca Amico
- Department of Education, Psychology and Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70122 Bari, Italy
| | - Ester Cornacchia
- Department of Education, Psychology and Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70122 Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Palmisano
- Chair of Lifespan Developmental Neuroscience, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gaetano Scianatico
- Department of Education, Psychology and Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70122 Bari, Italy
| | - Richard Buscombe
- Department of Applied Sport and Exercise Sciences, School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, University Way, London E16 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Avery
- Department of Applied Sport and Exercise Sciences, School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, University Way, London E16 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Volker Thoma
- Department of Psychological Sciences, School of Psychology, University of East London, United Kingdom
| | - Davide Rivolta
- Department of Education, Psychology and Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70122 Bari, Italy
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Zhou Y, Zhai H, Wei H. Acute Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Combined with High-Load Resistance Exercises on Repetitive Vertical Jump Performance and EEG Characteristics in Healthy Men. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:1106. [PMID: 39337890 PMCID: PMC11433315 DOI: 10.3390/life14091106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive technique known to enhance athletic performance metrics such as vertical jump and lower limb strength. However, it remains unclear whether combining tDCS with the post-activation effects of high-load resistance training can further improve lower limb performance. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the synergistic effects of tDCS and high-load resistance training, using electroencephalography to explore changes in the motor cortex and vertical jump dynamics. METHODS Four experiments were conducted involving 29 participants. Each experiment included tDCS, high-load resistance training, tDCS combined with high-load resistance training, and a control condition. During the tDCS session, participants received 20 min of central stimulation using a Halo Sport 2 headset, while the high-load resistance training session comprised five repetitions of a 90% one-repetition maximum weighted half squat. No intervention was administered in the control group. Electroencephalography tests were conducted before and after each intervention, along with the vertical jump test. RESULTS The combination of tDCS and high-load resistance training significantly increased jump height (p < 0.05) compared to tDCS or high-load resistance training alone. As for electroencephalography power, tDCS combined with high-load resistance training significantly impacted the percentage of α-wave power in the frontal lobe area (F3) of the left hemisphere (F = 6.33, p < 0.05). In the temporal lobe area (T3) of the left hemisphere, tDCS combined with high-load resistance training showed a significant interaction effect (F = 6.33, p < 0.05). For β-wave power, tDCS showed a significant main effect in the frontal pole area (Fp1) of the left hemisphere (F = 17.65, p < 0.01). In the frontal lobe area (F3) of the left hemisphere, tDCS combined with high-load resistance training showed a significant interaction effect (F = 7.53, p < 0.05). The tDCS combined with high-load resistance training intervention also resulted in higher β-wave power in the parietal lobe area (P4) and the temporal lobe area (T4) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that combining transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and high-load resistance training significantly enhances vertical jump performance compared to either intervention alone. This improvement is associated with changes in the α-wave and β-wave power in specific brain regions, such as the frontal and temporal lobes. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms and long-term effects of this combined intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Zhou
- School of Strength and Conditioning Training, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Public Education, Zhejiang College of Construction, Hangzhou 311231, China
| | - Haiting Zhai
- School of Basic Sciences for Aviation, Naval Aviation University, Yantai 264001, China
- School of Sports Coaching, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongwen Wei
- School of Strength and Conditioning Training, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
- Key Laboratory for Performance Training & Recovery of General Administration of Sport, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
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Holgado D, Sanabria D, Vadillo MA, Román-Caballero R. Zapping the brain to enhance sport performance? An umbrella review of the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on physical performance. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 164:105821. [PMID: 39053786 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Concepts such as "neurodoping" have contributed to an expansion in the area of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and its impact over physical performance in recent years. This umbrella review examines meta-analyses to evaluate tDCS's impact on exercise performance in healthy individuals. We identified 9 meta-analyses that met our inclusion criteria, encompassing 50 crossover studies and 683 participants. Like previous meta-analyses, we found a small but significant effect across individual studies (gz = 0.28, 95%CI [0.18, 0.39]). However, we also found clear evidence of publication bias, low power and substantial variability in methodological decisions. The average effect became non-significant after accounting for publication bias (grm = 0.10, 95%CrI [-0.04, 0.20], BF10 = 0.99), and a specification curve analysis showed that the final effect could range from g = -0.23 to g = 0.33, depending on decisions such as the formula used for estimating the effect size and multiple additional analytic steps. Overall, our findings suggest that current evidence does not conclusively support acute tDCS as an exercise performance enhancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darías Holgado
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Quartier, UNIL-Centre, Bâtiment, Synathlon, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Spain; Mind, Brain & Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Spain.
| | - Daniel Sanabria
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Spain; Mind, Brain & Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel A Vadillo
- Department of Basic Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Román-Caballero
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Spain; Mind, Brain & Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Psychology Neuroscience, and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; McMaster Institute for Music and the Mind, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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5
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Winker M, Hoffmann S, Laborde S, Javelle F. The acute effects of motor cortex transcranial direct current stimulation on athletic performance in healthy adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 60:5086-5110. [PMID: 39120435 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis assesses independently the acute effects of anodal and cathodal motor cortex transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on athletic performance in healthy adults. Besides, it evaluates the unique and conjoint effects of potential moderators (i.e., stimulation parameters, exercise type, subjects' training status and risk of bias). Online database search was performed from inception until March 18th 2024 (PROSPERO: CRD42023355461). Forty-three controlled trials were included in the systematic review, 40 in the anodal tDCS meta-analysis (68 effects), and 9 (11 effects) in the cathodal tDCS meta-analysis. Performance enhancement between pre- and post-stimulation was the main outcome measure considered. The anodal tDCS effects on physical performance were small to moderate (g = .29, 95%CI [.18, .40], PI = -.64 to 1.23, I2 = 64.0%). Exercise type, training status and use of commercial tDCS were significant moderators of the results. The cathodal tDCS effects were null (g = .04, 95%CI [-.05, .12], PI = -.14 to .23, I2 = 0%), with a small to moderate heterogeneity entirely due to sampling error, thus impairing further moderator analysis. These findings hold significant implications for the field of brain stimulation and physical performance, as they not only demonstrate a small to moderate effect of acute tDCS but also identify specific categories of individuals, devices and activities that are more susceptible to improvements. By addressing the multidimensional factors influencing the mechanisms of tDCS, we also provide suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Winker
- University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Sport and Sport Science, Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sven Hoffmann
- Psychological Methods and Evaluation, Institute of Psychology, University of Hagen, Hagen, Germany
| | - Sylvain Laborde
- Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Javelle
- NeuroPsychoImmunology research unit, Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Yu Y, Zhang X, Nitsche MA, Vicario CM, Qi F. Does a single session of transcranial direct current stimulation enhance both physical and psychological performance in national- or international-level athletes? A systematic review. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1365530. [PMID: 38962069 PMCID: PMC11220198 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1365530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Some studies showed that a single session of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has the potential of modulating motor performance in healthy and athletes. To our knowledge, previously published systematic reviews have neither comprehensively investigated the effects of tDCS on athletic performance in both physical and psychological parameters nor investigated the effects of tDCS on high-level athletes. We examined all available research testing a single session of tDCS on strength, endurance, sport-specific performance, emotional states and cognitive performance for better application in competition and pre-competition trainings of national- or international-level athletes. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, Embase, and Scopus up until to June 2023. Studies were eligible when participants had sports experience at a minimum of state and national level competitions, underwent a single session of tDCS without additional interventions, and received either sham tDCS or no interventions in the control groups. A total of 20 experimental studies (224 participants) were included from 18 articles. The results showed that a single tDCS session improved both physical and psychological parameters in 12 out of the 18 studies. Of these, six refer to the application of tDCS on the motor system (motor cortex, premotor cortex, cerebellum), five on dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and two on temporal cortex. The most sensitive to tDCS are strength, endurance, and emotional states, improved in 67%, 75%, and 75% of studies, respectively. Less than half of the studies showed improvement in sport-specific tasks (40%) and cognitive performance (33%). We suggest that tDCS is an effective tool that can be applied to competition and pre-competition training to improve athletic performance in national- or international-level athletes. Further research would explore various parameters (type of sports, brain regions, stimulation protocol, athlete level, and test tasks) and neural mechanistic studies in improving efficacy of tDCS interventions. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022326989, identifier CRD42022326989.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Sport Training of General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- Sports, Exercise and Brain Sciences Laboratory, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinbi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sport Training of General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- Sports, Exercise and Brain Sciences Laboratory, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Michael A. Nitsche
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
- University Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and University Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, University Hospital OWL, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Carmelo M. Vicario
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, Psychology, Education and Cultural Studies, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Fengxue Qi
- Key Laboratory of Sport Training of General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- Sports, Exercise and Brain Sciences Laboratory, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
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Giancatarina M, Grandperrin Y, Nicolier M, Gimenez P, Vidal C, Tio G, Haffen E, Bennabi D, Grosprêtre S. Acute effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on postural control of trained athletes: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0286443. [PMID: 38236903 PMCID: PMC10795979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is used to modulate brain function, and can modulate motor and postural control. While the acute effect of tDCS is well documented on patients, little is still known whether tDCS can alter the motor control of healthy trained participants. This study aimed to assess the acute effect of tDCS on postural control of parkour practitioners, known for their good balance abilities and their neuromuscular specificities that make them good candidates for tDCS intervention. Eighteen parkour practitioners were tested on three occasions in the laboratory for each stimulation condition (2 mA; 20 minutes)-primary motor cortex (M1), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and sham (placebo). Postural control was evaluated PRE and POST each stimulation by measuring Center of Pressure (CoP) displacements on a force platform during static conditions (bipedal and unipedal stance). Following M1 stimulation, significant decreases were observed in CoP area in unipedal (from 607.1 ± 297.9 mm2 to 451.1 ± 173.9 mm2, P = 0.003) and bipedal (from 157.5 ± 74.1 mm2 to 117.6 ± 59.8 mm2 P<0.001) stances. As well, the CoP total length was significantly reduced in bipedal (from 3416.8 ± 295.4 mm to 3280.6 ± 306.2 mm, P = 0.005) as well as in unipedal stance (from 4259.6 ± 398.4 mm to 3846.5 ± 468.9 mm, P<0.001), only after M1 stimulation. Relative pre-post changes observed after M1 stimulation were negatively correlated to experience in parkour only after unipedal stance (r = 0.715, P<0.001), meaning that the more participants were trained the less tDCS was effective. No significant changes were noticed after sham and dlPFC stimulation. These results suggested that the modulation of gait performance in athletes following an acute intervention of tDCS is specific to the targeted brain region, and that postures with reduced base of support (such as unipedal stance) were more sensitive to tDCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Giancatarina
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques EA481, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Yohan Grandperrin
- Service de Psychiatrie de l’Adulte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique, INSERM CIC 1431, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Magali Nicolier
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques EA481, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- Service de Psychiatrie de l’Adulte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique, INSERM CIC 1431, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Philippe Gimenez
- EA4660, C3S Culture Sport Health Society, Université de Franche -Comté, UFR STAPS, Besançon, France
| | - Chrystelle Vidal
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique, INSERM CIC 1431, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Gregory Tio
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques EA481, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- Service de Psychiatrie de l’Adulte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique, INSERM CIC 1431, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Emmanuel Haffen
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques EA481, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- Service de Psychiatrie de l’Adulte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique, INSERM CIC 1431, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France
- Centre Expert Dépression Résistante FondaMental, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon Besançon, France
| | - Djamila Bennabi
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques EA481, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- Service de Psychiatrie de l’Adulte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique, INSERM CIC 1431, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France
- Centre Expert Dépression Résistante FondaMental, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon Besançon, France
| | - Sidney Grosprêtre
- EA4660, C3S Culture Sport Health Society, Université de Franche -Comté, UFR STAPS, Besançon, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
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8
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Zhiqiang Z, Wei W, Yunqi T, Yu L. Effects of Bilateral Extracephalic Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Lower Limb Kinetics in Countermovement Jumps. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2241. [PMID: 36767607 PMCID: PMC9915197 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is an effective method for improving sports/exercise performance in humans. However, studies examining the effects of tDCS on jumping performance have reported inconsistent findings, and there is a paucity of studies investigating the effects of tDCS on lower limb energy and kinetics in countermovement jumps (CMJs). Thus, we investigated the effects of tDCS on countermovement jump (CMJ) performance and analysed kinetic variations in the ankle, knee, and hip joints. METHODS In total, 15 healthy young participants randomly received anodal or sham bilateral stimulation of the primary motor cortex (M1). The bilateral tDCS (Bi-tDCS) montage used an intensity of 2 mA for a 20 min monophasic continuous current. Jump height, energy, and lower limb kinetic data in CMJs were collected at pre-stimulation (Pre), post-0 min (Post-0), and post-30 min (Post-30) using a motion capture system and two 3D force plates. Jump height, lower extremity energy, and kinetic variables in CMJs were analysed with two-way repeated-measures ANOVA. RESULTS (1) Compared to the baseline and sham conditions, the jump height increased except that at Post-30 relative to the sham condition, and the total net energy of lower limbs increased at Post-30 relative to the baseline. (2) Compared to the baseline, the ankle positive energy and net energy decreased in the sham condition; Compared to the baseline and values at Post-0, the maximum ankle torque at Post-30 decreased in both stimulation conditions. (3) The maximum knee power increased compared to the baseline and sham conditions. (4) Regardless of time points, the maximum hip torque in the tDCS condition was higher than it was in the sham condition. CONCLUSION Bi-tDCS is an effective method for improving jump height by modulating ankle and knee net energy. The net energy improvement of the lower extremities may be due to variation in the kinetic chain resulting from tDCS-enhanced knee exploration force and maximum hip strength in CMJs. The effects of Bi-tDCS gradually decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Zhiqiang
- School of Kinesiology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Wang Wei
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Tang Yunqi
- College of Art & Design, Shanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Liu Yu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
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9
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Maudrich T, Ragert P, Perrey S, Kenville R. Single-session anodal transcranial direct current stimulation to enhance sport-specific performance in athletes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Stimul 2022; 15:1517-1529. [PMID: 36442774 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has emerged as a promising and feasible method to improve motor performance in healthy and clinical populations. However, the potential of tDCS to enhance sport-specific motor performance in athletes remains elusive. OBJECTIVE We aimed at analyzing the acute effects of a single anodal tDCS session on sport-specific motor performance changes in athletes compared to sham. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus. The meta-analysis was performed using an inverse variance method and a random-effects model. Additionally, two subgroup analyses were conducted (1) depending on the stimulated brain areas (primary motor cortex (M1), temporal cortex (TC), prefrontal cortex (PFC), cerebellum (CB)), and (2) studies clustered in subgroups according to different sports performance domains (endurance, strength, visuomotor skill). RESULTS A total number of 19 studies enrolling a sample size of 258 athletes were deemed eligible for inclusion. Across all included studies, a significant moderate standardized mean difference (SMD) favoring anodal tDCS to enhance sport-specific motor performance could be observed. Subgroup analysis depending on cortical target areas of tDCS indicated a significant moderate SMD in favor of anodal tDCS compared to sham for M1 stimulation. CONCLUSION A single anodal tDCS session can lead to performance enhancement in athletes in sport-specific motor tasks. Although no definitive conclusions can be drawn regarding the modes of action as a function of performance domain or stimulation site, these results imply intriguing possibilities concerning sports performance enhancement through anodal M1 stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Maudrich
- Department of Movement Neuroscience, Faculty of Sport Science, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Patrick Ragert
- Department of Movement Neuroscience, Faculty of Sport Science, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stéphane Perrey
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Univ Montpellier, IMT Mines Ales, Montpellier, France
| | - Rouven Kenville
- Department of Movement Neuroscience, Faculty of Sport Science, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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