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Tabebordbar F, Formisano G, Shishehbor P, Ebrahimi E, Giorgini M, Sørensen JG. Variation among populations of Trichogramma euproctidis (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) revealed by life table parameters: perspectives for biological control. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 116:1119-1127. [PMID: 37202833 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toad075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The successful mass-rearing of potential biological control agents is a prerequisite for sustainable pest control. In this study, the performance of 3 Trichogramma euproctidis (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) populations collected from different locations in Khuzestan (Southwest Iran) were evaluated to optimize the egg parasitoid mass-rearing for augmentative biological control of lepidopteran pests. We aimed to investigate the effects of both population origin and host quality on biological traits of ovipositing females (number of parasitized eggs) and of their progeny (development time, survival rate, sex ratio, longevity, and fecundity). The effect of host quality was assessed by allowing the parasitoid to oviposit into 1, 2, 3, or 4-day-old Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs. The 3 T. euproctidis populations developed successfully regardless the age of the host eggs. However, we found significant variation among populations and a strong influence of host quality on the traits investigated. Progeny performance in all populations decreased with increasing host age. The best-performing population (collected in Mollasani) showed the highest parasitization rate, highest survival rate, and progeny sex ratio with the greatest percentage of females. A life table corroborated these findings with superior estimates of the net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), and reduced generation time (T) for the Mollasani population on 1-day-old host eggs. We conclude that ample variation exists among T. euproctidis populations and that rearing the Mollasani population on young rather than old eggs of E. kuehniella would be recommended to implement the biological control programs to target lepidopteran pests in Southwestern Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Tabebordbar
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 61357-43311, Iran
| | - Giorgio Formisano
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Piazzale Enrico Fermi 1, Portici 80055, Italy
| | - Parviz Shishehbor
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 61357-43311, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Ebrahimi
- Insect Taxonomy Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massimo Giorgini
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Piazzale Enrico Fermi 1, Portici 80055, Italy
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Wan WJ, Du SJ, Hansson C, Liu WX. A new species of Diglyphus Walker (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) from China, with morphological characterizations and molecular analysis. Zookeys 2023; 1148:65-78. [DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1148.98853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Diglyphus Walker, 1844 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is an economically important genus including species acting as biocontrol agents against agromyzid leafminer pests. A new species of Diglyphus, Diglyphus difasciatus Liu, Hansson & Wan, sp. nov., was discovered during the identification of agromyzid leafminers and their associated parasitoid wasps collected from 2016 to 2022 in China, based on morphological characteristics and molecular analyses of COI, ITS2 and 28S genes. Diglyphus difasciatus is similar to D. bimaculatus Zhu, LaSalle & Huang, distinguished by two interconnected infuscate vertical bands on the fore wing and the color of the scape. Molecular data support D. difasciatus and D. bimaculatus as two different species. The mean genetic distances between D. difasciatus and D. bimaculatus were 11.33%, 8.62%, and 0.18%, based on the COI, ITS2, and 28S genes, respectively.
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de Benedetta F, Gargiulo S, Miele F, Figlioli L, Innangi M, Audisio P, Nugnes F, Bernardo U. The spread of Carpophilus truncatus is on the razor's edge between an outbreak and a pest invasion. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18841. [PMID: 36344625 PMCID: PMC9640586 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23520-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2019, in southern Italy (Campania) there was an outbreak of a sap beetle infesting stored walnut fruits. A monitoring activity started to assess the spread and impact of the pest in walnut orchards and in warehouses, and an integrative characterization led to identify the beetle as Carpophilus truncatus. This species has been in Europe for a long time, rare and harmless until recently. We show also that this species is the same recently recorded in other two continents, Latin America and Australia, where it is causing massive damage on walnut and almond fruits. The sharing of a mitochondrial haplotype among populations recorded on three continents suggests that a worldwide invasion might be ongoing. A Geographic Profiling approach has determined that the more virulent population was first introduced in Italy, and the climate conditions of areas where C. truncatus is currently widespread and harmful indicate that the entire walnuts world production is in jeopardy as this species could adapt to any of the main walnut and almond production areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia de Benedetta
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection - IPSP-CNR, National Research Council, P.le E. Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici, NA Italy ,grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Università, 100, 80055 Portici, NA Italy
| | - Simona Gargiulo
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection - IPSP-CNR, National Research Council, P.le E. Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici, NA Italy
| | - Fortuna Miele
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection - IPSP-CNR, National Research Council, P.le E. Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici, NA Italy
| | - Laura Figlioli
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection - IPSP-CNR, National Research Council, P.le E. Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici, NA Italy
| | - Michele Innangi
- grid.10373.360000000122055422Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, IS Italy
| | - Paolo Audisio
- grid.7841.aDepartment of Biology and Biotechnologies “C. Darwin”, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via A. Borelli, 50, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Nugnes
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection - IPSP-CNR, National Research Council, P.le E. Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici, NA Italy
| | - Umberto Bernardo
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection - IPSP-CNR, National Research Council, P.le E. Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici, NA Italy
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Formisano G, Iodice L, Cascone P, Sacco A, Quarto R, Cavalieri V, Bosco D, Guerrieri E, Giorgini M. Wolbachia infection and genetic diversity of Italian populations of Philaenus spumarius, the main vector of Xylella fastidiosa in Europe. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272028. [PMID: 36037217 PMCID: PMC9423658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Philaenus spumarius is a cosmopolitan species that has become a major threat to European agriculture being recognized as the main vector of the introduced plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa, the agent of the “olive quick decline syndrome”, a disease which is devastating olive orchards in southern Italy. Wolbachia are bacterial symbionts of many insects, frequently as reproductive parasites, sometime by establishing mutualistic relationships, able to spread within host populations. Philaenus spumarius harbors Wolbachia, but the role played by this symbiont is unknown and data on the infection prevalence within host populations are limited. Here, the Wolbachia infection rate was analyzed in relation to the geographic distribution and the genetic diversity of the Italian populations of P. spumarius. Analysis of the COI gene sequences revealed a geographically structured distribution of the three main mitochondrial lineages of P. spumarius. Wolbachia was detected in half of the populations sampled in northern Italy where most individuals belonged to the western-Mediterranean lineage. All populations sampled in southern and central Italy, where the individuals of the eastern-Mediterranean lineage were largely prevalent, were uninfected. Individuals of the north-eastern lineage were found only in populations from the Alps in the northernmost part of Italy, at high altitudes. In this area, Wolbachia infection reached the highest prevalence, with no difference between north-eastern and western-Mediterranean lineage. Analysis of molecular diversity of COI sequences suggested no significant effect of Wolbachia on population genetics of P. spumarius. Using the MLST approach, six new Wolbachia sequence types were identified. Using FISH, Wolbachia were observed within the host’s reproductive tissues and salivary glands. Results obtained led us to discuss the role of Wolbachia in P. spumarius, the factors influencing the geographic distribution of the infection, and the exploitation of Wolbachia for the control of the vector insect to reduce the spread of X. fastidiosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Formisano
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Portici, Italy
| | - Luigi Iodice
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Portici, Italy
| | - Pasquale Cascone
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Portici, Italy
| | - Adriana Sacco
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Portici, Italy
| | - Roberta Quarto
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Portici, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cavalieri
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Bosco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Emilio Guerrieri
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Portici, Italy
| | - Massimo Giorgini
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Portici, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Pace R, Ascolese R, Miele F, Russo E, Griffo RV, Bernardo U, Nugnes F. The Bugs in the Bags: The Risk Associated with the Introduction of Small Quantities of Fruit and Plants by Airline Passengers. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13070617. [PMID: 35886793 PMCID: PMC9323091 DOI: 10.3390/insects13070617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary This study was carried out with the aim of emphasizing the importance of checking the plant material that can be imported in the baggage of airline passengers. Travelers are often unaware of the regulations in place and of the risks connected with such importation. The risk of the introduction of harmful organisms correlated with this pathway is yet not well studied and its frequency is underestimated. The results of the research underline the need for continuous checks at entry points and the establishment of a specialized position for inspections. Abstract Among European countries, Italy is the most exposed to the risk of biological invasions, principally for its numerous entry points (ports and airports) and for climatic conditions favorable for the acclimatization of several invasive species. Here it was assessed that the greatest threats to our agro-ecosystems come mainly from the passenger baggage in which a variety of fruits and vegetables are carried. From 2016 to 2021, large quantities of plant products were found in the luggage of passengers travelling from outside the EU and seized at the BCPs (border control posts) in the Campania region. Inspections and the following laboratory analyses were conducted on the plant material to assess the presence of exotic pests. Inspections led to several non-native species being recorded, and among the intercepted organisms, some should be considered “alarming”, such as Bactrocera dorsalis, Anastrepha obliqua, and Leucinodes africensis. Despite a well-organized border inspection system, travelers transporting infested material unknowingly contribute to increasing the risk of the introduction of exotic species. Given the current situation, it is necessary to impose stricter controls and greater attention, ensuring compliance with the requirements of the new phytosanitary regulations by the actors involved in the transport of plant material. Finally, it is essential to improve awareness through a phytosanitary campaign on plant health risks, especially for people wishing to transport fruits and vegetables in their luggage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Pace
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (CNR), 80055 Portici, Italy; (R.P.); (R.A.); (F.M.); (U.B.)
| | - Roberta Ascolese
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (CNR), 80055 Portici, Italy; (R.P.); (R.A.); (F.M.); (U.B.)
| | - Fortuna Miele
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (CNR), 80055 Portici, Italy; (R.P.); (R.A.); (F.M.); (U.B.)
| | - Elia Russo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | | | - Umberto Bernardo
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (CNR), 80055 Portici, Italy; (R.P.); (R.A.); (F.M.); (U.B.)
| | - Francesco Nugnes
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (CNR), 80055 Portici, Italy; (R.P.); (R.A.); (F.M.); (U.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0649-9327-286
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An Integrative Study on Asphondylia spp. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), Causing Flower Galls on Lamiaceae, with Description, Phenology, and Associated Fungi of Two New Species. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12110958. [PMID: 34821759 PMCID: PMC8619354 DOI: 10.3390/insects12110958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An integrative study on some species of Asphondylia was carried out. Two species of gall midges from Italy, Asphondylia rivelloi sp. nov. and Asphondylia micromeriae sp. nov. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), causing flower galls respectively on Clinopodium vulgare and Micromeria graeca (Lamiaceae), are described and illustrated. The characteristics of each developmental stage and induced galls are described, which allowed the discrimination of these new species in the complex of Asphondylia developing on Lamiaceae plants. Molecular data based on sequencing both nuclear (ITS2 and 28S-D2) and mitochondrial (COI) genes are also provided in support of this discrimination. Phylogeny based on nuclear markers is consistent with the new species, whereas COI phylogeny suggests introgression occurring between the two species. However, these species can also be easily identified using a morphological approach. Phenology of host plants and gall midges are described, and some peculiar characteristics allow the complete and confident discrimination and revision of the treated species. Gall-associated fungi were identified as Botryosphaeria dothidea,Alternaria spp., and Cladosporium spp.
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Ophelimus bipolaris sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), a New Invasive Eucalyptus Pest and Its Host Plants in China. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12090778. [PMID: 34564218 PMCID: PMC8465356 DOI: 10.3390/insects12090778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Eucalyptus species have become one of the most commonly planted trees worldwide, including China, due to their fast growth and various commercial applications. However, the productivity of Eucalyptus plantations has been threatened by exotic invasive insect pests in recent years. Among these pests, gall inducers of the genus Ophelimus of the Eulophidae family are among the most important invasive species in Eucalyptus plantations. We report here for the first time the presence of a new invasive Eucalyptus gall wasp, Ophelimus bipolaris sp. n., in Guangzhou, China, which also represents the first species of the genus reported from China. The identity of the new species was confirmed by an integrative approach combing biological, morphological and molecular evidence. The new species is described and illustrated. This wasp induces galls only on the leaf blade surface of four Eucalyptus species: E. grandis, E. grandis × E. urophylla, E. tereticornis and E. urophylla. Our preliminary observation showed that O. bipolaris could complete a life cycle on E. urophylla in approximately 2 months under local climatic conditions (23.5-30 °C). Considering the severe damage it may cause to Eucalyptus production, further investigations of its biology and control are urgently needed in China.
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Russo E, Nugnes F, Vicinanza F, Garonna AP, Bernardo U. Biological and molecular characterization of Aromia bungii (Faldermann, 1835) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), an emerging pest of stone fruits in Europe. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7112. [PMID: 32346054 PMCID: PMC7188857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63959-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The red-necked longhorn beetle (RLB) Aromia bungii (Fald.) is an emerging pest of stone fruit trees, native to East Asia, accidentally introduced in Europe (Germany and Italy) and Japan. Threatening seriously the stone fruit crops in Europe, RLB was added to both the EPPO A1 and priority pest lists of quarantine species. Molecular analyses highlighted that all specimens recovered in southern Italy share the same haplotype, different from the German one, supporting that the invasive process in Europe started from at least two independent introductions. To fill the existing gap of biological knowledge about A. bungii, several laboratory tests were carried out on specimens collected in the outbreak area of Naples (Italy). Results suggest a high biotic potential of the RLB Italian population. Females showed a short pre-oviposition period while the period of oviposition lasted about three weeks, with a rate of 24.2 eggs/day. Each female laid an average of 587.5 eggs and spawned the largest amount of eggs during the first week after emergence. Fed males live up to 62 days at 20 °C while fed females about 63 days at 25 °C. These results are crucial to draw up a multi-facet IPM approach against A. bungii in the outbreak areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Russo
- CNR, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Portici, Italy
| | - Francesco Nugnes
- CNR, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Portici, Italy.
| | - Francesco Vicinanza
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Napoli "Federico II", Section BiPAF, Portici, Italy
| | - Antonio P Garonna
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Napoli "Federico II", Section BiPAF, Portici, Italy
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Bubici G, Prigigallo MI, Garganese F, Nugnes F, Jansen M, Porcelli F. First Report of Aleurocanthus spiniferus on Ailanthus altissima: Profiling of the Insect Microbiome and MicroRNAs. INSECTS 2020; 11:E161. [PMID: 32138145 PMCID: PMC7142546 DOI: 10.3390/insects11030161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We report the first occurrence of the orange spiny whitefly (Aleurocanthus spiniferus; OSW) on the tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima) in Bari, Apulia region, Italy. After our first observation in 2016, the infestation recurred regularly during the following years and expanded to the neighboring trees. Since then, we have also found the insect on numerous patches of the tree of heaven and other plant species in the Bari province. Nevertheless, the tree of heaven was not particularly threatened by the insect, so that a possible contribution by OSW for the control of such an invasive plant cannot be hypothesized hitherto. This work was also aimed at profiling the microbiome of OSW feeding on A. altissima. For this purpose, we used the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and the deep sequencing of small RNAs (sRNAs). Both techniques unveiled the presence of "Candidatus Portiera" (primary endosymbiont), Wolbachia sp. and Rickettsia sp., endosymbionts already reported for other Aleyrodidae. Deep sequencing data were analyzed by four computational pipelines in order to understand the reliability of the detection of fungi, bacteria, and viruses: Kraken, Kaiju, Velvet, and VelvetOptimiser. Some contigs assembled by Velvet or VelvetOptimiser were associated with insects, but not necessarily in the Aleurocanthus genus or Aleyrodidae family, suggesting the non-specificity of sRNAs or possible traces of parasitoids in the sample (e.g., Eretmocerus sp.). Finally, deep sequencing data were used to describe the microtranscriptome of OSW: 56 canonical and at least four high-confidence novel microRNAs (miRNAs) were identified. The overall miRNA abundance in OSW was in agreement with previous works on Bemisia tabaci, and bantam-3p, miR-276a-3p, miR-317-3p, miR-750-3p, and mir-8-3p were the most represented miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bubici
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Maria Isabella Prigigallo
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Francesca Garganese
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy; (F.G.); (F.P.)
| | - Francesco Nugnes
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Maurice Jansen
- Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality, Laboratories Division, Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA), Geertjesweg 15, 6706 EA Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Francesco Porcelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy; (F.G.); (F.P.)
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Guo C, Peng X, Zheng X, Wang X, Wang R, Huang Z, Yang Z. Comparison of bacterial diversity and abundance between sexes of Leptocybe invasa Fisher & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from China. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8411. [PMID: 31988811 PMCID: PMC6969552 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insects harbor a myriad of microorganisms, many of which can affect the sex ratio and manipulate the reproduction of the host. Leptocybe invasa is an invasive pest that causes serious damage to eucalyptus plantations, and the thelytokous parthenogenesis, low temperature resistance, protection in galls, generation overlap and small body of L. invasa contribute to its rapid invasion and population growth. However, the endosymbiotic bacterial composition, abundance and sex differences of L. invasa remain unclear. Therefore, this research aimed to identify the bacterial communities in L. invasa adults and compare them between the sexes of L. invasa lineage B. Results The Illumina MiSeq platform was used to compare bacterial community composition between females and males of L. invasa by sequencing the V3–V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. A total of 1,320 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained. These OTUs were subdivided into 24 phyla, 71 classes, 130 orders, 245 families and 501 genera. At the genus level, the dominant bacteria in females and males were Rickettsia and Rhizobium, respectively. Conclusion The endosymbiotic bacteria of L. invasa females and males were highly diverse. There were differences in the bacterial community of L. invasa between sexes, and the bacterial diversity in male specimens was greater than that in female specimens. This study presents a comprehensive comparison of bacterial communities in L. invasa and these data will provide an overall view of the bacterial community in both sexes of L. invasa with special attention on sex-related bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Guo
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xin Peng
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xialin Zheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ruirui Wang
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zongyou Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhende Yang
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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11
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Nugnes F, Laudonia S, Jesu G, Jansen MGM, Bernardo U, Porcelli F. Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Some European Countries: Diffusion, Hosts, Molecular Characterization, and Natural Enemies. INSECTS 2020; 11:E42. [PMID: 31936015 PMCID: PMC7022741 DOI: 10.3390/insects11010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
After the first record in 2008 in Southeast Italy, the alien invasive and quarantine pest Aleurocanthus spiniferus (orange spiny whitefly-OSW) has gradually spread throughout Europe, infesting several new host plants in addition to the known hosts. Molecular characterization of some Italian populations and a newly found Albanian population highlighted two different haplotypes invading Europe, belonging to one of the haplogroups previously recorded in China. A predator was recorded for the first time in several fields in Italy in association with OSW and other whitefly species. It was successively identified through a morpho-molecular characterization as a Nearctic member of the tribe Serangiini, the ladybird beetle, Delphastus catalinae. This predator represents a promising biocontrol agent to manage A. spiniferus outbreaks in Italy and other invaded countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nugnes
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, 80055 Portici, Italy;
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Stefania Laudonia
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (S.L.); (G.J.)
| | - Giovanni Jesu
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (S.L.); (G.J.)
| | | | - Umberto Bernardo
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Francesco Porcelli
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy;
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Nugnes F, Russo E, Viggiani G, Bernardo U. First Record of an Invasive Fruit Fly Belonging to Bactrocera dorsalis Complex (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Europe. INSECTS 2018; 9:E182. [PMID: 30513969 PMCID: PMC6316371 DOI: 10.3390/insects9040182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Emerging pests are increasingly threatening fruit orchard health across the Mediterranean area. Tephritidae, representing serious threats for Europe, are numerous, and the fruit flies Bactrocera zonata and those belonging to Bactrocera dorsalis complex are among the most alarming species. These species are highly polyphagous and B. zonata has already spread to some Mediterranean countries. Due to these ongoing threats, in the Campania Region (southern Italy), a survey with traps and infested fruits analysis was performed with the aim of detecting the presence of species of Bactrocera dorsalis complex. In two mixed fruit-trees fields, some adults belonging to a species of Bactrocera were captured in traps baited with the highly attractive male lure (methyl eugenol). They were distinguished from similar-looking Bactrocera spp. by morphological and molecular comparative analyses. Considering the existing morphological keys, specimens were tentatively identified as B. dorsalis but molecular characterization with COI split them into two clades. Some specimens were grouped with B. dorsalis similar to B. kandiensis and B. kandiensis and others in a clade including B. dorsalis and B. invadens (syn. B. dorsalis). ITS1 sequences instead confirmed morphological identification. The integrative approach allowed identifying all the specimens collected as belonging to the B. dorsalis complex. This finding represents the first field interception in Europe of a member of one of the most dangerous groups of fruit flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nugnes
- CNR, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, 80055 Portici, Italy.
| | - Elia Russo
- CNR, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, 80055 Portici, Italy.
| | - Gennaro Viggiani
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples "Federico II", 80055 Portici, Italy.
| | - Umberto Bernardo
- CNR, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, 80055 Portici, Italy.
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Alissandrakis E, Psirofonia P, Kavallieratos NG, Stanković SS, Žikić V. Parasitic wasps related to Prays oleae (Bernard, 1788) (Lepidoptera, Praydidae) in olive orchards in Greece. Zookeys 2018:143-154. [PMID: 30026664 PMCID: PMC6048179 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.773.25402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The olive moth, Praysoleae (Bernard, 1788) (Lepidoptera: Praydidae) is categorised among the most devastating insect pests of olives, whose anthophagous and carpophagous generations can cause yield loss up to 581 and 846 kg of fruit per ha, respectively. In this study, results of the captured parasitoids in olive tree (Oleaeuropaea Linnaeus, 1753) orchards, or infested olive plant material in Crete, Greece, is presented. Five of the six identified species captured in trap devices are related to P.oleae, i.e., Chelonuselaeaphilus Silvestri, 1908, Chelonuspellucens (Nees, 1816), Apantelesxanthostigma (Haliday, 1834), Diadegmaarmillatum (Gravenhorst, 1829), and Exochuslentipes Gravenhorst, 1829. The species Eupelmusurozonus Dalman, 1820 and Pnigaliomediterraneus Ferrière & Delucchi, 1957 were reared from infested P.oleae leaves. Chelonuspellucens is reported for the first time from Greece. According to the international literature, 59 hymenopterous and dipterous parasitoid species are associated with P.oleae in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios Alissandrakis
- Laboratory of Entomology and Pesticide Science, Department of Agriculture, Technological Educational Institute of Crete, P.O. Box 1939, 71004, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Panagiota Psirofonia
- Laboratory of Entomology and Pesticide Science, Department of Agriculture, Technological Educational Institute of Crete, P.O. Box 1939, 71004, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Nickolas G Kavallieratos
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos str., 11855, Athens, Attica, Greece
| | - Saša S Stanković
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Žikić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia
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Gualtieri L, Nugnes F, Nappo AG, Gebiola M, Bernardo U. Life inside a gall: closeness does not favour horizontal transmission of Rickettsia between a gall wasp and its parasitoid. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2017; 93:3934658. [PMID: 28854679 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fix087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of horizontal transmission as a route for spreading symbiont infections is still being debated, but a common view is that horizontal transfers require intimate between-species relationships. Here we study a system that meets ideal requirements for horizontal transmission: the gall wasp Leptocybe invasa and its parasitoid Quadrastichus mendeli (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). These wasps belong to the same subfamily, spend most of their lives inside the same minute gall and are both infected by Rickettsia, a maternally inherited endosymbiotic bacteria that infects several arthropods, sometimes manipulating their reproduction, like inducing thelytokous parthenogenesis in L. invasa. Despite intimate contact, close phylogenetic relationship and the parasitoid's host specificity, we show that host and parasitoid do not share the same Rickettsia. We provide indirect evidence that Rickettsia infecting Q. mendeli may be inducing thelytokous parthenogenesis, as the symbiont is densely present in the reproductive apparatus and is vertically transmitted. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S and gltA placed this symbiont in the leech group. The confirmed and presumed parthenogenesis-inducing Rickettsia discovered so far only infect eulophid wasps, and belong to three different groups, suggesting multiple independent evolution of the parthenogenesis inducing phenotype. We also show some degree of cospeciation between Rickettsia and their eulophid hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liberata Gualtieri
- CNR, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, SS of Portici, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy. Tel: +39-081-7753658-19; E-mail:
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Fusu L. An integrative taxonomic study of European Eupelmus (Macroneura) (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae), with a molecular and cytogenetic analysis of Eupelmus (Macroneura) vesicularis: several species hiding under one name for 240 years. Zool J Linn Soc 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlw021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Nugnes F, Bernardo U, Viggiani G. An integrative approach to species discrimination in the Anagrus atomus group sensu stricto (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), with a description of a new species. SYST BIODIVERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2017.1299811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nugnes
- CNR, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, SS of Portici, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Umberto Bernardo
- CNR, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, SS of Portici, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Gennaro Viggiani
- CNR, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, SS of Portici, Portici (NA), Italy
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Laboratorio di Lotta biologica, Università degli Studi di Napoli – Federico II, Portici (NA), Italy
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Gebiola M, White JA, Cass BN, Kozuch A, Harris LR, Kelly SE, Karimi J, Giorgini M, Perlman SJ, Hunter MS. Cryptic diversity, reproductive isolation and cytoplasmic incompatibility in a classic biological control success story. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gebiola
- Department of Entomology; The University of Arizona; 410 Forbes Building Tucson AZ 85721 USA
- CNR - Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante; UOS di Portici; Via Università 133 80055 Portici (NA) Italy
| | - Jennifer A. White
- Department of Entomology; S225 Agricultural Sciences Center North; University of Kentucky; Lexington KY 40546 USA
| | - Bodil N. Cass
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Entomology and Insect Science; The University of Arizona; 410 Forbes Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Amaranta Kozuch
- Department of Entomology; The University of Arizona; 410 Forbes Building Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Leanne R. Harris
- Department of Biology; University of Victoria; Victoria; British Columbia V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - Suzanne E. Kelly
- Department of Entomology; The University of Arizona; 410 Forbes Building Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Javad Karimi
- Department of Plant Protection; Ferdowsi University of Mashad; Mashhad Iran
| | - Massimo Giorgini
- CNR - Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante; UOS di Portici; Via Università 133 80055 Portici (NA) Italy
| | - Steve J. Perlman
- Department of Biology; University of Victoria; Victoria; British Columbia V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - Martha S. Hunter
- Department of Entomology; The University of Arizona; 410 Forbes Building Tucson AZ 85721 USA
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Nugnes F, Gebiola M, Monti MM, Gualtieri L, Giorgini M, Wang J, Bernardo U. Genetic Diversity of the Invasive Gall Wasp Leptocybe invasa (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and of its Rickettsia Endosymbiont, and Associated Sex-Ratio Differences. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124660. [PMID: 25970681 PMCID: PMC4430503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The blue-gum chalcid Leptocybe invasa Fisher & LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is a gall wasp pest of Eucalyptus species, likely native to Australia. Over the past 15 years it has invaded 39 countries on all continents where eucalypts are grown. The worldwide invasion of the blue gum chalcid was attributed to a single thelytokous morphospecies formally described in 2004. Subsequently, however, males have been recorded in several countries and the sex ratio of field populations has been found to be highly variable in different areas. In order to find an explanation for such sex ratio differences, populations of L. invasa from a broad geographical area were screened for the symbionts currently known as reproductive manipulators, and both wasps and symbionts were genetically characterized using multiple genes. Molecular analyses suggested that L. invasa is in fact a complex of two cryptic species involved in the rapid and efficient spread of the wasp, the first recovered from the Mediterranean region and South America, the latter from China. All screened specimens were infected by endosymbiotic bacteria belonging to the genus Rickettsia. Two closely related Rickettsia strains were found, each infecting one of the two putative cryptic species of L. invasa and associated with different average sex ratios. Rickettsia were found to be localized in the female reproductive tissues and transovarially transmitted, suggesting a possible role of Rickettsia as the causal agent of thelytokous parthenogenesis in L. invasa. Implications for the variation of sex ratio and for the management of L. invasa are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nugnes
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Marco Gebiola
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Portici (NA), Italy
- Department of Entomology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, the United States of America
| | - Maurilia Maria Monti
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Liberata Gualtieri
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Massimo Giorgini
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Jianguo Wang
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Umberto Bernardo
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Portici (NA), Italy
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19
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Bernardo U, van Nieukerken EJ, Sasso R, Gebiola M, Gualtieri L, Viggiani G. Characterization, distribution, biology and impact on Italian walnut orchards of the invasive North-American leafminer Coptodisca lucifluella (Lepidoptera: Heliozelidae). BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2015; 105:210-224. [PMID: 25630620 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485314000947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The leafminer Coptodisca sp. (Lepidoptera: Heliozelidae), recently recorded for the first time in Europe on Italian black and common walnut trees, is shown to be the North-American Coptodisca lucifluella (Clemens) based on morphological (forewing pattern) and molecular (cytochrome oxidase c subunit I sequence) evidence. The phylogenetic relatedness of three species feeding on Juglandaceae suggests that C. lucifluella has likely shifted, within the same host plant family, from its original North-American hosts Carya spp. to Juglans spp. Over the few years since its detection, it has established in many regions in Italy and has become a widespread and dominant invasive species. The leafminer completes three to four generations per year, with the first adults emerging in April-May and mature larvae of the last generation starting hibernation in September-October. Although a high larval mortality was recorded in field observations (up to 74%), the impact of the pest was substantial with all leaves infested at the end of the last generation in all 3 years tested. The distribution of the leafminer in the canopy was homogeneous. The species is redescribed and illustrated, a lectotype is designated and a new synonymy is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Bernardo
- CNR,Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection,UOS of Portici,Via Università,133-80055- Portici (NA),Italy
| | - E J van Nieukerken
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center,PO Box 9557,NL-2300 RA Leiden,The Netherlands
| | - R Sasso
- ENEA C.R. Casaccia, Laboratory Sustainable Management of Agro-ecosystems (UTAGRI-ECO),Roma,Italy
| | - M Gebiola
- CNR,Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection,UOS of Portici,Via Università,133-80055- Portici (NA),Italy
| | - L Gualtieri
- CNR,Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection,UOS of Portici,Via Università,133-80055- Portici (NA),Italy
| | - G Viggiani
- CNR,Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection,UOS of Portici,Via Università,133-80055- Portici (NA),Italy
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20
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Gebiola M, Bernardo U, Ribes A, Gibson GAP. An integrative study of Necremnus Thomson (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) associated with invasive pests in Europe and North America: taxonomic and ecological implications. Zool J Linn Soc 2015; 173:352-423. [PMID: 25745268 PMCID: PMC4328149 DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The species of Necremnus attacking two invasive pests of tomato and canola in Europe and North America, respectively, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) and Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), have been revised using an integrative taxonomy approach. Molecular data from the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase c subunit I and the nuclear D2 expansion region of the 28S ribosomal subunit and internal transcribed spacer 2, the discovery of new morphological features, and study of type material resulted in the delineation of three species groups, the Necremnus artynes, Necremnus cosconius, and Necremnus tidius groups, the discovery of four new species, and the resurrection of three taxa from synonymy. Lectotypes have been designated for 13 species originally described in Eulophus by Walker. Although Necremnus has not been revised, an illustrated key is given to differentiate 23 recognized European species. The key, type images, and treatments of the three species groups will enable more accurate identification of the valid species of Necremnus in the future. They will also benefit biological control practitioners of pest species. The ecological consequences of the new taxonomic concepts are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gebiola
- CNR - Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Plante UOS di Portici - Via Università 133, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy ; Department of Entomology, The University of Arizona 410 Forbes Bldg., Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Umberto Bernardo
- CNR - Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Plante UOS di Portici - Via Università 133, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Antoni Ribes
- C/Lleida 36 25170 Torres de Segre, Lleida, Spain
| | - Gary A P Gibson
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes K. W. Neatby Building, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0C6
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21
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Gebiola M, Garonna AP, Bernardo U, Belokobylskij SA. Molecular phylogenetic analyses and morphological variation point to taxonomic problems among four genera of parasitoid doryctine wasps (Hymenoptera : Braconidae). INVERTEBR SYST 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/is14064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Doryctinae (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) is a large and diverse subfamily of parasitic wasps that has received much attention recently, with new species and genera described and phylogenies based on morphological and/or molecular data that have improved higher-level classification and species delimitation. However, the status of several genera is still unresolved, if not controversial. Here we focus on two related groups of such genera, Dendrosoter Wesmael–Caenopachys Foerster and Ecphylus Foerster–Sycosoter Picard & Lichtenstein. We integrated morphological and molecular (COI and 28S–D2 genes) evidence to highlight, by phylogenetic analyses (maximum likelihood and Bayesian) and a posteriori morphological examination, previously overlooked variation, which is here illustrated and discussed. Monophyly of Dendrosoter and Caenopachys and the presence of synapomorphic morphological characters support synonymy of Caenopachys under Dendrosoter. Low genetic differentiation and high variability for putatively diagnostic morphological characters found in both C. hartigii (Ratzeburg) and C. caenopachoides (Ruschka) supports synonymy of D. caenopachoides under D. hartigii, syn. nov. Morphological and molecular evidence together also indicate independent generic status for Sycosoter, stat. rev., which is here resurrected. This work represents a further advancement in the framework of the ongoing effort to improve systematics and classification of the subfamily Doryctinae.
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Delvare G, Gebiola M, Zeiri A, Garonna AP. Revision and phylogeny of the European species of the Eurytoma moriospecies group (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), parasitoids of bark and wood boring beetles. Zool J Linn Soc 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gérard Delvare
- UMR CBGP Cirad Inra IRD Montpellier SupAgro; Campus International de Baillarguet, 30016 34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez Cedex France
| | - Marco Gebiola
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante; UOS Portici; Via Università 133 80055 Portici NA Italy
| | - Asma Zeiri
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte; Bizerte Tunisia
| | - A. P. Garonna
- Laboratorio di Entomologia ‘E. Tremblay’; Dipartimento di Agraria; Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II; Via Università 100 80055 Portici NA Italy
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Gokhman VE, Yefremova ZA, Yegorenkova EN. Karyotypes of parasitic wasps of the family Eulophidae (Hymenoptera) attacking leaf-mining Lepidoptera (Gracillariidae, Gelechiidae). COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2014; 8:31-41. [PMID: 24744832 PMCID: PMC3978241 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v8i1.6537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Karyotypes of eleven parasitoid species of the family Eulophidae were examined, namely, Chrysocharis laomedon (Walker, 1839) (2n = 10), Chrysocharis sp. aff. laomedon (n = 5, 2n = 10), Chrysocharis sp. aff. albipes (Ashmead, 1904) (2n = 12), Mischotetrastichus petiolatus (Erdös, 1961) (n = 6, 2n = 12), Minotetrastichus frontalis (Nees, 1834) (n = 5, 2n = 10), Cirrospilus pictus (Nees, 1834) (2n = 12), Hyssopus geniculatus (Hartig, 1838) (2n = 16), Sympiesis gordius (Walker, 1839) (2n = 12), S. sericeicornis (Nees, 1834) (2n = 12), Pnigalio agraules (Walker, 1839) (2n = 12 + 0-2B) and Pnigalio gyamiensis Myartseva & Kurashev, 1990 (2n = 12 + 0-6B) reared from Phyllonorycter acerifoliella (Zeller, 1839), Ph. apparella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1855), Ph. issikii (Kumata, 1963) (Gracillariidae) and Chrysoesthia sexguttella (Thunberg, 1794) (Gelechiidae). Chromosome sets of all species except P. agraules and P. gyamiensis were studied for the first time. B chromosomes were detected in the two latter species; in P. gyamiensis, the maximum number of B chromosomes represents the highest value known for parasitic wasps to date.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zoya A. Yefremova
- Department of Zoology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Gebiola M, Lopez-Vaamonde C, Nappo AG, Bernardo U. Did the parasitoid Pnigalio mediterraneus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) track the invasion of the horse chestnut leafminer? Biol Invasions 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-013-0542-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Yegorenkova E, Yefremova Z. The preimaginal stages of Pnigalio gyamiensis Myartseva & Kurashev, 1990 (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), a parasitoid associated with Chrysoesthia sexguttella (Thunberg) (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae). Zookeys 2012:75-89. [PMID: 22936867 PMCID: PMC3426881 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.214.3266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The larval instars of Pnigalio gyamiensis Myartseva and Kurashev are described in detail for the first time. This species is a larval-pupal ectoparasitoid of Chrysoesthia sexguttella (Thunberg) (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae), which forms leaf mines in the plant Chenopodium album L. (Caryophyllales: Amaranthaceae). The female of Pnigalio gyamiensis lays a single egg on the skin of the host larva or nearby it, without any significant preference for a particular variant. The presence of long hairs on its body provides the newly-hatched first larval instar with high mobility. Some peculiarities in this parasitoid-host relationship are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Yegorenkova
- Department of Geography, Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University, Ulyanovsk, 432700, Russia
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26
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Gebiola M, Giorgini M, Navone P, Bernardo U. A karyological study of the genus Pnigalio Schrank (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae): assessing the taxonomic utility of chromosomes at the species level. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2012; 102:43-50. [PMID: 21736855 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485311000356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We provide a karyological study of 12 species of the genus Pnigalio in an attempt to evaluate the taxonomic utility of karyotypes at the species level. For all species of Pnigalio examined the number of chromosome was 2n=12. Karyotype formulae presented mainly metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes, although a pair of acrocentrics or subtelocentrics, shorter than biarmed chromosomes, was present in some species. The analysis of karyotypes of Pnigalio showed frequent but not general interspecific variability of the chromosome traits. Although most of the studied species revealed concordance between morphological and karyological characters (centromeric index and relative length), two other categories have been identified: morphologically distinct species without reciprocal differences in karyotype structure, and morphologically similar species that strongly differ in chromosomal characters.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gebiola
- Dipartimento di Entomologia e Zoologia Agraria F. Silvestri, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Università 100, Portici, Naples, Italy.
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Gebiola M, Gómez-Zurita J, Monti MM, Navone P, Bernardo U. Integration of molecular, ecological, morphological and endosymbiont data for species delimitation within the Pnigalio soemius complex (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Mol Ecol 2012; 21:1190-208. [PMID: 22268975 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05428.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Integrative taxonomy is a recently developed approach that uses multiple lines of evidence such as molecular, morphological, ecological and geographical data to test species limits, and it stands as one of the most promising approaches to species delimitation in taxonomically difficult groups. The Pnigalio soemius complex (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) represents an interesting taxonomical and ecological study case, as it is characterized by a lack of informative morphological characters, deep mitochondrial divergence, and is susceptible to infection by parthenogenesis-inducing Rickettsia. We tested the effectiveness of an integrative taxonomy approach in delimiting species within the P. soemius complex. We analysed two molecular markers (COI and ITS2) using different methods, performed multivariate analysis on morphometric data and exploited ecological data such as host-plant system associations, geographical separation, and the prevalence, type and effects of endosymbiont infection. The challenge of resolving different levels of resolution in the data was met by setting up a formal procedure of data integration within and between conflicting independent lines of evidence. An iterative corroboration process of multiple sources of data eventually indicated the existence of several cryptic species that can be treated as stable taxonomic hypotheses. Furthermore, the integrative approach confirmed a trend towards host specificity within the presumed polyphagous P. soemius and suggested that Rickettsia could have played a major role in the reproductive isolation and genetic diversification of at least two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gebiola
- CNR-Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante, UOS di Portici, Via Università 133, Portici (NA), Italy.
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Hernández-López A, Rougerie R, Augustin S, Lees DC, Tomov R, Kenis M, Çota E, Kullaj E, Hansson C, Grabenweger G, Roques A, López-Vaamonde C. Host tracking or cryptic adaptation? Phylogeography of Pediobius saulius (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), a parasitoid of the highly invasive horse-chestnut leafminer. Evol Appl 2011; 5:256-69. [PMID: 25568046 PMCID: PMC3353352 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2011.00220.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical biological control is often advocated as a tool for managing invasive species. However, accurate evaluations of parasitoid species complexes and assessment of host specificity are impeded by the lack of morphological variation. Here, we study the possibility of host races/species within the eulophid wasp Pediobius saulius, a pupal generalist parasitoid that parasitize the highly invasive horse-chestnut leaf-mining moth Cameraria ohridella. We analysed the population genetic structure, host associations and phylogeographic patterns of P. saulius in Europe using the COI mitochondrial gene. This marker strongly supports a division into at least five highly differentiated parasitoid complexes, within two of which clades with differing degrees of host specialization were found: a Balkan clade that mainly (but not only) attacks C. ohridella and a more generalist European group that attacks many hosts, including C. ohridella. The divergence in COI (up to 7.6%) suggests the existence of cryptic species, although this is neither confirmed by nuclear divergence nor morphology. We do not find evidence of host tracking. The higher parasitism rates observed in the Balkans and the scarcity of the Balkan–Cameraria haplotypes out of the Balkans open the possibility of using these Balkan haplotypes as biological control agents of C. ohridella elsewhere in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David C Lees
- INRA, UR0633 Zoologie Forestière Orléans, France ; Department of Entomology Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | | | - Marc Kenis
- CABI Europe-Switzerland Delémont, Switzerland
| | - Ejup Çota
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Agricultural University of Tirana Tirana, Albania
| | - Endrit Kullaj
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Agricultural University of Tirana Tirana, Albania
| | | | - Giselher Grabenweger
- Institute of Plant Health, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety Vienna, Austria
| | - Alain Roques
- INRA, UR0633 Zoologie Forestière Orléans, France
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Fusu L. Species status of two colour morphs ofEupelmus vesicularis(Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) as revealed by allozyme electrophoresis, morphometric and host preference data. J NAT HIST 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00222931003632773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Grabenweger G, Kehrli P, Zweimüller I, Augustin S, Avtzis N, Bacher S, Freise J, Girardoz S, Guichard S, Heitland W, Lethmayer C, Stolz M, Tomov R, Volter L, Kenis M. Temporal and spatial variations in the parasitoid complex of the horse chestnut leafminer during its invasion of Europe. Biol Invasions 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-009-9685-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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