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Brancart X, Rossi G, Dierckx E, De Vos I, De Raedt R. Temperament Based Personality Types in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Latent Profile Analysis. Psychol Belg 2024; 64:24-41. [PMID: 38618169 PMCID: PMC11012024 DOI: 10.5334/pb.1257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Three adaptive trait-based personality types have been replicated across ages, cultures, clinical problems and clustering methods: Resilient, Undercontrolled and Overcontrolled type (RUO). Recently there is growing interest in and importance of biopsychosocial transdiagnostic factors underlying personality types, such as temperamental reactivity and self-regulation. Latter can be understood in terms of Behavioural Inhibition (BIS), Behavioural Activation Systems (BAS) and Effortful Control (EC). The occurrence of temperament based RUO types has not yet been confirmed in older adults with or without a mental disorder. Therefore, based on a person-centered approach, the current study investigates whether RUO types can be corroborated in older adults based on the aforementioned temperamental factors. Latent profile analysis yielded two distinct personality profiles in community-dwelling over-60s, which we tentatively labeled a resilient (n = 167) and overcontrolled/inhibited type (n = 241). Compared to the resilient type, the overcontrolled/inhibited type scored lower on EC and higher on BIS. We could not corroborate an undercontrolled type (profiles scored equally on BAS). Group comparisons revealed that overcontrolled/inhibited older adults demonstrated significantly more clinical symptoms, higher emotional instability, lower scores on adaptive traits, less resilience and were significantly more likely to use passive and avoidant coping styles, compared to resilient older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xenia Brancart
- Xenia Brancart Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Department of Psychology, Personality and Psychopathology research group (PEPS), Brussels, Belgium
- Ghent University (UG), Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent, Belgium
- VUB-UG alliance research group Personality and Information Processing in Older Adults, PIPO, Belgium
| | - Gina Rossi
- VUB-UG alliance research group Personality and Information Processing in Older Adults, PIPO, Belgium
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Department of Psychology, Personality and Psychopathology research group (PEPS), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eva Dierckx
- VUB-UG alliance research group Personality and Information Processing in Older Adults, PIPO, Belgium
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Department of Psychology, Personality and Psychopathology research group (PEPS), Brussels, Belgium
- Alexianen Zorggroep Tienen (AZT), Psychiatric Hospital, Tienen, Belgium
| | - Indra De Vos
- VUB-UG alliance research group Personality and Information Processing in Older Adults, PIPO, Belgium
| | - Rudi De Raedt
- Ghent University (UG), Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent, Belgium
- VUB-UG alliance research group Personality and Information Processing in Older Adults, PIPO, Belgium
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Raymaekers K, Moons P, Prikken S, Goossens E, Hilbrands R, Luyckx K. Comparing youth with and without type 1 diabetes on perceived parenting and peer functioning: a propensity weighting approach. J Behav Med 2023; 46:1032-1041. [PMID: 37450207 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-023-00435-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The premise of this study was to gain more insight into whether type 1 diabetes (T1D) can impact how youth perceive parents and peers. To address limitations of previous observational studies comparing youth with T1D to control youth, propensity weighting was used to mimic a randomized controlled trial. A total of 558 youth with T1D and 426 control youth (14-26y) completed questionnaires on parental responsiveness, psychological control, overprotection, friend support, extreme peer orientation, and a host of background and psychological functioning variables. The groups were statistically weighted to become as comparable as possible except for disease status. The analysis plan and hypotheses were preregistered on the open science framework. Youth with T1D perceived their mothers to be more overprotective, perceived fewer friend support, and were less extremely oriented toward peers than control youth. There were no group differences for paternal overprotection and paternal and maternal responsiveness and psychological control. Mothers of youth with T1D seem at risk to practice overprotective parenting and clinicians could play an important role in making mothers aware of this risk. However, the absence of group differences for the maladaptive parenting dimension of psychological control and adaptive dimension of responsiveness are reassuring and testify to the resilient nature of youth with T1D and their families. Additionally, there is accumulating evidence that T1D could interfere with engaging in supportive friendships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Raymaekers
- KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Flanders, Belgium.
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Tiensestraat 102 - box 3717, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
| | - Philip Moons
- KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Eva Goossens
- KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Koen Luyckx
- KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Costa Mastrascusa R, de Oliveira Fenili Antunes ML, de Albuquerque NS, Virissimo SL, Foletto Moura M, Vieira Marques Motta B, de Lara Machado W, Moret-Tatay C, Quarti Irigaray T. Evaluating the complete (44-item), short (20-item) and ultra-short (10-item) versions of the Big Five Inventory (BFI) in the Brazilian population. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7372. [PMID: 37147441 PMCID: PMC10163274 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34504-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Big Five Inventory (BFI) is an instrument designed to assess the personality of individuals aged 18 and above. The original version consists of 44 items divided into five sub-scales representing each of the five personality factors: agreeableness, neuroticism, conscientiousness, openness, and extraversion. The main purpose of this study was to assess the factorial structure of the 44-item BFI and the reliability of two shorter versions with 20 and 10 items. The study also aimed to present normative data for interpreting scores from the short and ultrashort versions of the BFI for the Brazilian population. A total of 3565 individuals with a mean age of 33.3 years (SD = 13.0) from all Brazilian states participated in the study, with 44.2% from the State of Rio Grande do Sul. Participants completed a sociodemographic questionnaire and the BFI. Confirmatory factor analysis showed poor adaptation of the original 44-item model, but the short and ultrashort versions with 20 and 10 items respectively had good adaptation indexes and reliability, with Omega coefficients above 0.70. Normative data for the shorter versions were presented using mean, standard deviation, and percentiles (lower, medium, and higher). The study concluded that the short and ultrashort versions of the BFI have good reliability and can be used in surveys requiring a brief personality assessment.
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De Gucht V, Wilderjans TF, Garcia FK, Maes S. Dimensionality and Validation of the Highly Sensitive Person Scale (HSPS) in a Dutch General Population Sample and Two Clinical Samples. JOURNAL OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Abstract: Previous studies on the Highly Sensitive Person Scale (HSPS) were primarily conducted in highly selective, mostly student populations. The objective of the present study was to examine the factor structure of the Dutch HSPS in the general population ( n = 998), prolonged fatigue ( n = 340), and chronic pain samples ( n = 283), and investigate its psychometric properties. The factorial structure of the HSPS was assessed by an exploratory factor analysis, followed by a confirmatory factor analysis. To this end, the overall sample consisting of 1,621 subjects was randomly split into two subsamples. The factor structure was subsequently confirmed in the general population, fatigue, and chronic pain samples separately. A bi-factor model, consisting of a general factor and three separate factors, provided the best fit to the data in each sample. The three separate factors, capturing different dimensions of sensory processing sensitivity, were labeled “Ease of Excitation” (11 items), “Sensory and Aesthetic Sensitivity” (5 items), and “Low Sensory Threshold” (5 items). Internal consistency was satisfactory. Distinct patterns of associations were found between these factors and (un)related personality constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique De Gucht
- Research Group of Health, Medical and Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Tom F. Wilderjans
- Methodology and Statistics Research Unit, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Leiden University, The Netherlands
- Research Group of Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum (LUMC), The Netherlands
| | - Franshelis K. Garcia
- Research Group of Health, Medical and Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Stan Maes
- Research Group of Health, Medical and Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands
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Niemeijer K, Mestdagh M, Verdonck S, Meers K, Kuppens P. Combining Experience Sampling and Mobile Sensing for Digital Phenotyping With m-Path Sense: Performance Study. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e43296. [PMID: 36881444 PMCID: PMC10031448 DOI: 10.2196/43296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The experience sampling methodology (ESM) has long been considered as the gold standard for gathering data in everyday life. In contrast, current smartphone technology enables us to acquire data that are much richer, more continuous, and unobtrusive than is possible via ESM. Although data obtained from smartphones, known as mobile sensing, can provide useful information, its stand-alone usefulness is limited when not combined with other sources of information such as data from ESM studies. Currently, there are few mobile apps available that allow researchers to combine the simultaneous collection of ESM and mobile sensing data. Furthermore, such apps focus mostly on passive data collection with only limited functionality for ESM data collection. OBJECTIVE In this paper, we presented and evaluated the performance of m-Path Sense, a novel, full-fledged, and secure ESM platform with background mobile sensing capabilities. METHODS To create an app with both ESM and mobile sensing capabilities, we combined m-Path, a versatile and user-friendly platform for ESM, with the Copenhagen Research Platform Mobile Sensing framework, a reactive cross-platform framework for digital phenotyping. We also developed an R package, named mpathsenser, which extracts raw data to an SQLite database and allows the user to link and inspect data from both sources. We conducted a 3-week pilot study in which we delivered ESM questionnaires while collecting mobile sensing data to evaluate the app's sampling reliability and perceived user experience. As m-Path is already widely used, the ease of use of the ESM system was not investigated. RESULTS Data from m-Path Sense were submitted by 104 participants, totaling 69.51 GB (430.43 GB after decompression) or approximately 37.50 files or 31.10 MB per participant per day. After binning accelerometer and gyroscope data to 1 value per second using summary statistics, the entire SQLite database contained 84,299,462 observations and was 18.30 GB in size. The reliability of sampling frequency in the pilot study was satisfactory for most sensors, based on the absolute number of collected observations. However, the relative coverage rate-the ratio between the actual and expected number of measurements-was below its target value. This could mostly be ascribed to gaps in the data caused by the operating system pushing away apps running in the background, which is a well-known issue in mobile sensing. Finally, some participants reported mild battery drain, which was not considered problematic for the assessed participants' perceived user experience. CONCLUSIONS To better study behavior in everyday life, we developed m-Path Sense, a fusion of both m-Path for ESM and Copenhagen Research Platform Mobile Sensing. Although reliable passive data collection with mobile phones remains challenging, it is a promising approach toward digital phenotyping when combined with ESM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Niemeijer
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Merijn Mestdagh
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stijn Verdonck
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristof Meers
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Kuppens
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Ahmad Z, Chan WM, Oon EYN. Does congruence between a descendant entrepreneur's personality traits and family business values matter for succession? Front Psychol 2023; 14:1043270. [PMID: 36844264 PMCID: PMC9947656 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1043270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose In this paper, we investigate two research queries pertaining to the success of small family business succession. First, we examine how the Big-5 personality traits of descendant entrepreneurs influence the success of their family business succession. Second, we investigate whether descendant entrepreneurs whose personality traits are congruent with the values of their family business, would lead to the success of their family business succession, through the mediating role of descendant entrepreneur-family business value congruence (DE-FBVC). Methodology We rely on the person-organization fit theory for our conceptual framework and we collected primary data from 124 respondents designated as chairman and managing directors in small family businesses. Results Our results show that a descendant entrepreneur's openness, extroversion, conscientiousness, and agreeableness traits are likely to lead to successful family business succession, but a descendant entrepreneur with neuroticism trait is unlikely to do so. In addition, our results reveal that the DE-FBVC mediates the relationship between openness and extroversion traits with succession success positively, but between neuroticism trait and succession success negatively. By contrast, we find that DE-FBVC does not mediate the relationship between conscientiousness and agreeableness traits with succession success. Originality The findings of our study suggest that while four of the Big-5 personality traits matter for the success of small family business succession, specific personality traits of descendant entrepreneurs which are found to be congruent with the values of their family business, will also lead to succession success.
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de Vries HJ, Pennings HJM, van der Schans CP, Sanderman R, Oldenhuis HKE, Kamphuis W. Wearable-Measured Sleep and Resting Heart Rate Variability as an Outcome of and Predictor for Subjective Stress Measures: A Multiple N-of-1 Observational Study. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 23:s23010332. [PMID: 36616929 PMCID: PMC9823534 DOI: 10.3390/s23010332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The effects of stress may be alleviated when its impact or a decreased stress-resilience are detected early. This study explores whether wearable-measured sleep and resting HRV in police officers can be predicted by stress-related Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) measures in preceding days and predict stress-related EMA outcomes in subsequent days. Eight police officers used an Oura ring to collect daily Total Sleep Time (TST) and resting Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and an EMA app for measuring demands, stress, mental exhaustion, and vigor during 15-55 weeks. Vector Autoregression (VAR) models were created and complemented by Granger causation tests and Impulse Response Function visualizations. Demands negatively predicted TST and HRV in one participant. TST negatively predicted demands, stress, and mental exhaustion in two, three, and five participants, respectively, and positively predicted vigor in five participants. HRV negatively predicted demands in two participants, and stress and mental exhaustion in one participant. Changes in HRV lasted longer than those in TST. Bidirectional associations of TST and resting HRV with stress-related outcomes were observed at a weak-to-moderate strength, but not consistently across participants. TST and resting HRV are more consistent predictors of stress-resilience in upcoming days than indicators of stress-related measures in prior days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman J. de Vries
- Research Group Digital Transformation, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, 9747 AS Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Behaviour & Training, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 3769 DE Soesterberg, The Netherlands
- Department of Health Psychology, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Helena J. M. Pennings
- Department of Human Behaviour & Training, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 3769 DE Soesterberg, The Netherlands
- Utrecht Center for Research and Development of Health Professions Education, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cees P. van der Schans
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands
- Research Group Healthy Ageing Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, 9747 AS Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert Sanderman
- Department of Health Psychology, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Health and Technology, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Hilbrand K. E. Oldenhuis
- Research Group Digital Transformation, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, 9747 AS Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Kamphuis
- Department of Human Behaviour & Training, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 3769 DE Soesterberg, The Netherlands
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Verbree AR, Hornstra L, Maas L, Wijngaards-de Meij L. Conscientiousness as a Predictor of the Gender Gap in Academic Achievement. RESEARCH IN HIGHER EDUCATION 2022; 64:451-472. [PMID: 35991353 PMCID: PMC9379878 DOI: 10.1007/s11162-022-09716-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, female students have been more successful in higher education than their male counterparts in the United States and other industrialized countries. A promising explanation for this gender gap are differences in personality, particularly higher levels of conscientiousness among women. Using Structural Equation Modeling on data from 4719 Dutch university students, this study examined to what extent conscientiousness can account for the gender gap in achievement. We also examined whether the role of conscientiousness in accounting for the gender gap differed for students with a non-dominant ethnic background compared to students with a dominant ethnic background. In line with our expectations, we found that conscientiousness fully mediated the gender gap in achievement, even when controlling for prior achievement in high school. This was the case among both groups of students. These findings provide insight into the mechanisms underlying the gender gap in achievement in postsecondary education settings. The current study suggests that the use of conscientiousness measures in university admission procedures may disadvantage male students. Instead, the use of such measures may be a fruitful way to identify those students who may benefit from interventions to improve their conscientiousness. Future research could examine how conscientiousness can be fostered among students who are low in conscientiousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Roos Verbree
- Social and Behavioral Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lientje Maas
- Methodology and Statistics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Stone BM, Bartholomay EM, Chamberlain AB. Validation of the BFI-10-R: A New BFI Scale with Strong Structural and Construct Validity. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-022-09978-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Keijzer R, van Schooten E, van der Rijst R, Admiraal W. Individual characteristics of students in vocational education moderating the relationship between school engagement and vocational identity. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY OF EDUCATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10212-021-00580-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn any country, there is a group of students who are at risk of dropping out of school without any qualifications. This is detrimental for many of those students, because failure to graduate increases risks of unemployment and societal exclusion. To reduce this risk, specialized curricula aim to prepare these students for their working life by fostering the development of a vocational identity, that is, how they define themselves as workers. As a prerequisite to achieving this goal, students need to attend school and feel engaged with school. The curricula seek ways to stimulate emotional school engagement, taking into account the heterogeneous target group of students they serve. To address potential consequences of individual differences, this questionnaire study (N=996) conducted in the Netherlands explored how various individual characteristics of students in these specialized curricula moderated the relationship between emotional school engagement and vocational identity. Results show that stronger school engagement always coincided with a stronger vocational identity; however, the strength of the relationship varied. Stimulating emotional school engagement was specifically important for the subgroups of students who are young, less agreeable, less motivated, and less resilient. In order to foster the vocational identity of their students, the specialized curricula are recommended to draw nuanced conclusions and formulate refined strategies to effectively respond to the heterogeneous group of students who are at risk of dropping out.
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Beck ED, Condon D, Jackson J. Interindividual age differences in personality structure. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/08902070221084862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Most investigations in the structure of personality traits do not adequately address age; instead, they presuppose a constant structure across the lifespan. Further, few studies look at the structure of personality traits a-theoretically, often neglecting to examine the relationship among indicators within a trait (convergence) and across traits (divergence). Using a network approach, the present study examines (1) age differences in divergence and convergence, (2) the similarity between the Big Five and network structures, and (3) the consistency of network structure across age groups in a large, cross-sectional sample. Results indicate that convergence shows early gains in adolescence with few differences across the lifespan, while divergence mostly weakens across adulthood. The result of these age-related differences is that Big Five indicators only parallel the Big Five structure among young but not older adults. The structure of young adults tends to be quite similar while the network structures of older adults appear to greatly differ from one another. These results suggest that older adults have a different structure of personality than younger adults and suggest that future research should not assume consistency in personality structure across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emorie D Beck
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Josh Jackson
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Szcześniak M, Potemkowski A, Brola W, Kroplewski Z, Szałachowski RR, Zak M, Wilski M, Sobolewski P, Bartosik-Psujek H, Kapica-Topczewska K, Tarasiuk J, Czarnowska A, Kułakowska A, Zakrzewska-Pniewska B, Kubicka-Bączyk K, Morawiec N, Adamczyk-Sowa M, Stępień A, Zaborski J, Ratajczak A, Ratajczak M. The Big Five Personality Traits and Positive Orientation in Polish Adults with Multiple Sclerosis: The Role of Meaning in Life. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095426. [PMID: 35564821 PMCID: PMC9099940 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Scientific achievements concerning the direct relation between personality traits and positive orientation among patients with multiple sclerosis do not explain the role of potential mediators. In fact, some researchers argue that the traits–positivity association is much more complex than it seems to be. For this reason, we made an attempt to analyze the indirect relationship between the above-mentioned variables, including meaning in life as a mediator. In total, 618 patients with MS took part in the study. The NEO Five-Factor Inventory, the Positive Orientation Scale, and the Meaning in Life Questionnaire were used. The results showed that positive orientation/the presence of meaning/searching for meaning correlated positively with extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness, and were negatively associated with neuroticism. Moreover, meaning in life in both its dimensions acted as a mediator in 9 of 10 models. It can be assumed that a propensity to establish interpersonal relationships (extraversion), use active imagination (openness), inspire confidence among others (agreeableness), and take responsibility (conscientiousness) can have an impact on someone’s positive attitude toward oneself and the surrounding world (positive orientation) when people have meaning in life and when they are seeking it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Szcześniak
- Institute of Psychology, University of Szczecin, 71-017 Szczecin, Poland; (A.P.); (Z.K.); (R.R.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrzej Potemkowski
- Institute of Psychology, University of Szczecin, 71-017 Szczecin, Poland; (A.P.); (Z.K.); (R.R.S.)
| | - Waldemar Brola
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-317 Kielce, Poland; (W.B.); (M.Z.); (P.S.)
| | - Zdzisław Kroplewski
- Institute of Psychology, University of Szczecin, 71-017 Szczecin, Poland; (A.P.); (Z.K.); (R.R.S.)
| | | | - Marek Zak
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-317 Kielce, Poland; (W.B.); (M.Z.); (P.S.)
| | - Maciej Wilski
- Department of Adapted Physical Activity, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Piotr Sobolewski
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-317 Kielce, Poland; (W.B.); (M.Z.); (P.S.)
| | - Halina Bartosik-Psujek
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Kapica-Topczewska
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-276 Białystok, Poland; (K.K.-T.); (J.T.); (A.C.); (A.K.)
| | - Joanna Tarasiuk
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-276 Białystok, Poland; (K.K.-T.); (J.T.); (A.C.); (A.K.)
| | - Agata Czarnowska
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-276 Białystok, Poland; (K.K.-T.); (J.T.); (A.C.); (A.K.)
| | - Alina Kułakowska
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-276 Białystok, Poland; (K.K.-T.); (J.T.); (A.C.); (A.K.)
| | | | - Katarzyna Kubicka-Bączyk
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (K.K.-B.); (N.M.); (M.A.-S.)
| | - Natalia Morawiec
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (K.K.-B.); (N.M.); (M.A.-S.)
| | - Monika Adamczyk-Sowa
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (K.K.-B.); (N.M.); (M.A.-S.)
| | - Adam Stępień
- Department of Neurology, Military Institute of Medicine, 01-755 Warszawa, Poland;
| | - Jacek Zaborski
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Rehabilitation and Stroke Sub-Division, Specialist Hospital in Międzylesie, 04-749 Warszawa, Poland;
| | - Anna Ratajczak
- Postgraduate Study, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland;
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De Gucht V, Woestenburg DHA, Wilderjans TF. The Different Faces of (High) Sensitivity, Toward a More Comprehensive Measurement Instrument. Development and Validation of the Sensory Processing Sensitivity Questionnaire (SPSQ). J Pers Assess 2022; 104:784-799. [PMID: 35175164 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2022.2032101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The main purpose of the study was the development of the Sensory Processing Sensitivity Questionnaire (SPSQ), designed to measure Sensory Processing Sensitivity, defined as a person's sensitivity to subtle stimuli, the depth with which these stimuli are processed, and its impact on emotional reactivity. The item pool generated for the development of the SPSQ consisted of 60 items. After exploratory factor analysis, 43 items remained, divided into six specific factors: (1) Sensory Sensitivity to Subtle Internal and External Stimuli, (2) Emotional and Physiological Reactivity, (3) Sensory Discomfort, (4) Sensory Comfort, (5) Social-Affective Sensitivity, and (6) Esthetic Sensitivity. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a higher-order bi-factor model consisting of two higher-order factors (a positive and negative dimension), a general sensitivity factor and six specific factors had the best fit. Strong positive associations were found between Emotional and Physiological Reactivity, the negative higher-order dimension, and Neuroticism; the same holds for the association between Esthetic Sensitivity, the positive higher-order dimension, and Openness. Emotional and Physiological Reactivity and the negative higher-order dimension showed clear associations with clinical outcomes. The relationships between the SPSQ and similar scales - the Highly Sensitive Person Scale and part of the Adult Temperament Questionnaire - were in the expected direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique De Gucht
- Research Group of Health, Medical and Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Dion H A Woestenburg
- Methodology and Statistics Research Unit, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tom F Wilderjans
- Methodology and Statistics Research Unit, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands.,Research Group of Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
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14
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The Validation of a Five-Item Screening Scale for Personality Disorders in Dutch-Speaking Community Adolescents and Adults. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-022-09951-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Trajectories of adjustment disorder symptoms in post-treatment breast cancer survivors. Support Care Cancer 2022; 30:3521-3530. [PMID: 35020075 PMCID: PMC8857158 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-06806-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objective Breast cancer survivors (BCS) may experience problems to adjust to their situation after cancer treatment completion. In case of severe distress, an adjustment disorder (AD) might develop. This study investigates the course of AD symptoms during 1 year and its predictors in BCS up to 5 years post-treatment. Methods BCS completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months. HADS total scores were defined as no mental disorder (MD) symptoms (≤ 10), AD symptoms (11–14), and any other MD symptoms (≥ 15). Over the course of four assessments, symptom trajectories were a priori defined as no MD symptoms, AD symptoms, fluctuating AD symptoms below and above cut-offs, or any other MD symptoms. Complementary, latent class growth analysis (LCGA) was used to identify data-driven trajectories. Results Among 293 BCS with complete data, the majority was classified as no MD symptoms (54.4%), followed by 37.5% in the fluctuating AD symptoms trajectory. Only 1.4% had AD symptoms, and 6.8% had any other MD symptoms. With LCGA (N = 459), three trajectories were found: stable no MD symptoms (58.6%), stable AD symptoms (32.9%), and high increasing any other MD symptoms (8.5%). Compared to BCS with no MD symptoms, BCS with fluctuating AD symptoms or any other MD symptoms were younger, less able to handle daily activities, and showed more social support discrepancy, neuroticism, and less optimism. Conclusions Results of our study showed that AD symptoms in BCS up to 5 years post-treatment fluctuate over 1 year. It is thus important to appropriately assess AD over the course of 5 years post-treatment as AD symptoms can fluctuate.
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16
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Jansen SCP, Hoeks SE, Nyklíček I, Scheltinga MRM, Teijink JAW, Rouwet EV. Supervised Exercise Therapy is Effective for Patients With Intermittent Claudication Regardless of Psychological Constructs. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2021; 63:438-445. [PMID: 34887208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2021.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE According to current guidelines, supervised exercise therapy (SET) is the treatment of choice for intermittent claudication (IC). Little is known about the potential consequences of psychological factors on the effectiveness of treatment. The aim of this study was to determine possible associations between a set of psychological constructs and treatment outcomes, and to investigate whether self efficacy increased after SET. METHODS This was a substudy of the ELECT Registry, a multicentre Dutch prospective cohort study in patients with IC receiving primary SET. A complete set of validated questionnaires scoring extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, anxiety, depression, self control, optimism, and self efficacy was obtained in 237 patients (median age 69 years, 40% female). Anxiety and depression were dichotomised using established cutoff scores, whereas other scores were analysed as continuous measures. Multiple linear regression analyses determined possible associations between these independent variables and maximum and functional walking distances (MWD and FWD, respectively), Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT), and VascuQol-6 (dependent variables). Self efficacy during 12 months of SET was analysed using a linear mixed model. RESULTS Neuroticism and anxiety were associated with lower overall VascuQol-6 scores (estimate -1.35 points [standard error (SE) 0.57; p = .018] and -1.98 points [SE 0.87, p = .023], respectively). Optimism and self efficacy demonstrated higher overall 6MWT (5.92 m [SE 2.34; p = .012] and 1.35 m [SE 0.42; p = .001], respectively). Self control was associated with lower overall log MWD (-0.02 [SE 0.01; p = .038] and log FWD (-0.02 [SE 0.01; p = .080), whereas self efficacy had a higher overall log MWD (0.01 [SE 0.003; p = .009]) and log FWD (0.01 [SE 0.003; p = .011]). Depressive patients with IC demonstrated a greater improvement in 6MWT during follow up (17.56 m [SE 8.67; p = .044]), but this small effect was not confirmed in sensitivity analysis. Self efficacy did not increase during follow up (0.12% [SE 0.49; p = .080]). CONCLUSIONS The beneficial effects of SET occur regardless of the psychological constructs, supporting current guidelines recommending a SET first strategy in each patient with IC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra C P Jansen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; CAPHRI Research School, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne E Hoeks
- Department of Anaesthetics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ivan Nyklíček
- Centre of Research on Psychological and Somatic disorders (CoRPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Marc R M Scheltinga
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Maxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Joep A W Teijink
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; CAPHRI Research School, Maastricht University, the Netherlands.
| | - Ellen V Rouwet
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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17
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Personality predicts academic achievement in higher education: Differences by academic field of study? LEARNING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2021.102081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Cemalcilar Z, Baruh L, Kezer M, Soto CJ, Sumer N, John OP. Testing the BFI-2 in a non-WEIRD community sample. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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19
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Investigating the Influence of Personalised Gamification on Mobile Survey User Experience. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su131810434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Gamification in healthcare has shown to increase user motivation and treatment adherence. Personalisation strategies have the potential to create sustainable health change and user motivation. In striving for personalisation, surveys are often used as an easy tool to collect information about the user. But lengthy surveys are often tedious and demotivating, provoking bad respondent behaviour which results in a loss of data quality. Gamified surveys can enhance respondent behaviour but are labour-intensive to develop. This study explores the effect of a re-usable mobile survey application, using personalised gamification, on user experience. In an A/B study setting with 28 participants, The Hexad Player Type Framework is used to determine the player type of the user and personalise the survey accordingly. Results have shown that the overall user experience of the gamified application is higher than the traditional survey and 37.5% of gamified users perceived the duration of the survey as shorter than the actual time, compared to 20% of the respondents of the traditional survey. No significant difference in data quality has been detected, as loss in data quality remained limited in both versions. Future work should explore the influence of more elaborate game elements in a larger population.
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20
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Somma A, Krueger RF, Markon KE, Gialdi G, Colanino M, Ferlito D, Liotta C, Fossati A. A nine-month study on the course of COVID-19 related perceived post-traumatic stress disorder among Italian community-dwelling adults. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 141:146-151. [PMID: 34214742 PMCID: PMC8579247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate base rate estimates, course of, and psychopathology and personality risk factors for COVID-19-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in community-dwelling adults during the pandemic. 203 participants from a sample of 811 Italian community-dwelling adults agreed to participate in a nine-month, three-wave (Wave 1: March 2020; Wave 2: June 2020; Wave 3: December 2020) longitudinal study. Participants in the longitudinal study did not differ from the cross-sectional original sample on age, gender, civil status, educational level, occupation, and Italian area of residence. At each wave, participants were administered the PTSD scale of the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ), DSM-5 measures of acute stress, dissociation, depression and anxiety, as well as a maladaptive personality domain measure at Wave 1. Participants were instructed to answer to the ITQ items based only on COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. The point prevalence estimates of COVID-19 related PTSD at each wave ranged from 11% to 13%; however, up to roughly 23% of our participants experienced clinically relevant PTSD features during nine months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. Multiple logistic regression results showed that experiencing internalizing symptoms (i.e., mostly acute stress) and selected personality features (i.e., Negative Affectivity and Psychoticism) at Wave 1 represent risk factors for PTSD symptoms at later waves. These findings extend previous knowledge on COVID-19 related PTSD and support the need for preventive and treatment interventions for PTSD during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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21
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Abstract
Delay discounting refers to the tendency of people to evaluate immediate rewards as being more valuable than those that are distant in time. Several models explain this phenomenon by a set of intrinsic and extrinsic features. Intrinsic features are related to the inherent traits and neurological conditions of the individual, whereas extrinsic features are related to the characteristics of the reward. In this study, we refer to extraversion and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms (attention and hyperactivity-impulsivity) as intrinsic features, and to fungibility, perishability, and magnitude of the reward as extrinsic features. Whereas there is a known main effect to these intrinsic and extrinsic features, the current research examines their additive and interactive contributions to delay discounting. A total of 222 participants filled out an online questionnaire measuring intrinsic features and presenting decision tasks with different types of rewards. The scores of the intrinsic variables and the delay discounting rate for each reward were calculated and analyzed. The results replicated previous findings showing main effects of hyperactivity, fungibility, perishability, and magnitude. They also provided new findings on an interaction between fungibility-perishability and hyperactivity-the effect of hyperactivity on delay discounting was larger when the rewards were fungible and nonperishable than when the rewards were perishable and nonfungible. This interaction has practical implications that can help in moderating delay discounting in clinical treatments of impulsivity as well as in constructing efficient economic models for consumers.
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22
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Fortuin DJ, van Mierlo H, Bakker AB, Petrou P, Demerouti E. Team boosting behaviours:Development and validation of a new concept and scale. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WORK AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1359432x.2020.1854226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denise J. Fortuin
- Center of Excellence for Positive Organizational Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Heleen van Mierlo
- Center of Excellence for Positive Organizational Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arnold B. Bakker
- Center of Excellence for Positive Organizational Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Paraskevas Petrou
- Center of Excellence for Positive Organizational Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evangelia Demerouti
- Industrial Engineering & Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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23
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Abrahams L, Rauthmann JF, Fruyt FD. Person-situation dynamics in educational contexts: A self- and other-rated experience sampling study of teachers’ states, traits, and situations. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/08902070211005621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The situations people find themselves in and how they experience them is fundamental to a host of life and work outcomes. However, most research has so far only relied on self-reports and is thus not able to disentangle different situation components. The present study therefore examined the dynamics between self- and other-rated situation characteristics, personality traits, and personality states in an educational setting. One hundred and seventy-three student teachers ( n = 2244–2261 observations) and 94 supervisors ( n = 1110–1122 observations) participated in a 13- or 14-day experience sampling study during student teachers’ internships and rated situations and teachers’ personality states twice daily. Answering three research questions yielded that (1) self-rated traits were mostly not associated with self- or supervisor-rated situation characteristics; (2) self- and supervisor-rated situation characteristics predicted self- and supervisor-rated personality state expressions (although effects were largest for same-rater associations); and (3) there were no interaction effects of traits and situation characteristics on personality state expressions. These results have important theoretical and applied implications as they advance our understanding of person-situation dynamics in an applied setting and suggest that associations between situations and personality states are not solely attributable to common rater effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loes Abrahams
- Ghent University, Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Filip De Fruyt
- Ghent University, Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Gent, Belgium
- Institute Ayrton Senna Chair at Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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24
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Dierickx S, Dierckx E, Claes L, Rossi G. Measuring Behavioral Inhibition and Behavioral Activation in Older Adults: Construct Validity of the Dutch BIS/BAS Scales. Assessment 2021; 29:1061-1074. [PMID: 33736472 DOI: 10.1177/10731911211000123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Research on the validity of the behavioral inhibition system/behavioral approach system (BIS/BAS) scales focused on adolescent, student and adult populations. This study is the first to examine the psychometric properties of the BIS/BAS scales in a community (n = 368) and a clinical sample (n = 160) of older adults. Exploratory structural equation modelling with target rotation to the Carver and White model supported the construct validity of the BIS/BAS scales. Internal consistencies of the scales were generally satisfactory. Female participants scored higher on BIS and BAS-Reward Responsiveness compared with males. The community-dwelling sample scored higher on BAS-Drive and BAS-Reward Responsiveness compared with the clinical sample. Concerning the nomological net, BIS was positively related to Anxiety, Depression, maladaptive coping strategies, Neuroticism and Cluster C personality disorders. BAS was positively related to Openness, Extraversion, Active Confronting and Cluster B personality disorders and negatively related to the schizoid personality disorder. The BIS/BAS Scales are a useful instrument for measuring Gray's theory of personality in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serafine Dierickx
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eva Dierckx
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Alexianen Zorggroep Tienen, Tienen, Belgium
| | - Laurence Claes
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.,Universiteit Antwerpen (UA), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gina Rossi
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
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Abstract
Abstract. Although dynamics within and outside organizations emphasize the importance of employee adaptability, a validated scale that assesses employee adaptability as an individual difference construct is still lacking. Five studies were conducted to develop (Study 1, N = 235) and validate a 10-item scale for employee adaptability and investigate its factor structure and measurement invariance (Study 2, N = 331; Study 3, N = 375), convergent validity and discriminant validity (Study 4, N = 117), and concurrent validity, predictive validity, and measurement stability (Study 5, N = 263 T1, N = 113 T2). Overall, the findings revealed good internal consistency, convergent, discriminant, concurrent and predictive validity, and adequate measurement invariance. Potential applications for the adaptability scale are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen van Dam
- Faculty of Psychology & Educational Sciences, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands
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26
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Ghamkhar Fard Z, Pourshahbaz A, Anderson J, Shakiba S, Mirabzadeh A. Assessing DSM-5 Section II Personality Disorders Using the MMPI-2-RF in an Iranian Community Sample. Assessment 2021; 29:782-805. [PMID: 33559481 DOI: 10.1177/1073191121991225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to examine the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF; Ben-Porath & Tellegen, 2008) scales in assessing Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth edition (DSM-5) Section II Personality Disorder (PD) symptoms. For this purpose, we first tested the cross-cultural factorial and criterion validity of MMPI-2-RF scales. We used a sample of 536 (327 women and 209 men) community individuals in Tehran, Iran. DSM-5 Section II PD criterion counts were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5-Screening Personality Questionnaire. Exploratory structural equation modelling analyses revealed that the models reported by Ben-Porath and Tellegen generally fitted the data well. Criterion validity of the MMPI-2-RF scales as well as MMPI-2-RF PDs spectra scales were analyzed with respect to their correlations with DSM-5 Section II PDs, indicating results generally consistent with expectations. Results based on Poisson or Negative binomial regression models indicated that a set of MMPI-2-RF scale hypotheses were supported, with several exceptions that are discussed in detail. These findings have implications for applicability of the MMPI-2-RF across Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abbas Pourshahbaz
- University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shima Shakiba
- University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Mirabzadeh
- University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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27
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Wissenburg SA, Garofalo C, Blokland AAJ, Palmen H, Sellbom M. Longitudinal Validation of the Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy (LSRP) Scale in a High-Risk Dutch Community Sample. Assessment 2020; 29:367-384. [PMID: 33269603 DOI: 10.1177/1073191120975130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy (LSRP) scale is a self-report measure that can be used to assess psychopathic traits in community samples, and recent research suggested that its three-factor model (Egocentricity, Callousness, and Antisocial) has promising psychometric properties. However, no study to date has validated the LSRP in a longitudinal framework. The present study sought to validate the LSRP scale in a longitudinal design using a sample of Dutch emerging adults (ns = 970 and 693 at time points 1 and 2, respectively). We assessed longitudinal measurement invariance and the stability of psychopathic traits over an 18-month time period, from age 20 to age 21.6. Furthermore, we replicated and extended findings on the factor structure, reliability, and construct validity of the Dutch LSRP scale. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the three-factor model fit the data well. Evidence of partial longitudinal measurement invariance was observed, which means that the Dutch translation of the LSRP scale is measuring an equivalent construct (and overall latent factor structure) over time. Psychopathic traits were relatively stable over time. The three LSRP subscales showed largely acceptable levels of internal consistency at both time points and showed conceptually expected patterns of construct validity and predictive validity, with a few notable exceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A Wissenburg
- VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, North Holland, Netherlands.,University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | | | - H Palmen
- Leiden University, Leiden, South Holland, Netherlands
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28
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Dufner M, Denissen J, Sedikides C, Van Zalk M, Meeus WHJ, van Aken M. Are Actual and Perceived Intellectual Self–enhancers Evaluated Differently by Social Perceivers? EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.1934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Do actual and perceived self–enhancement entail differing social impressions (i.e. interpersonal evaluations)? Actual self–enhancement represents unduly positive self–views, as gauged by an objective criterion (in this case, IQ scores), whereas perceived self–enhancement involves the extent to which an individual is seen by informants (i.e. peers or observers) as self–enhancing. In an online survey (N = 337), a laboratory experiment (N = 75), and a round–robin study (N = 183), we tested the effects of actual and perceived intellectual self–enhancement on (informant–rated) emotional stability, social attractiveness, and social influence. Actual self–enhancers were rated as emotionally stable, socially attractive, and socially influential. High perceived self–enhancers were judged as socially influential, whereas low–to–moderate perceived self–enhancers were deemed emotionally stable and socially attractive. Privately entertained, illusory positive (even extreme) self–beliefs confer social benefits, whereas being perceived as self–enhancing buys social influence at the cost of being despised. Copyright © 2013 European Association of Personality Psychology
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dufner
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Maarten Van Zalk
- Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim H. J. Meeus
- Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel van Aken
- Department of Psychology, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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29
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Somma A, Borroni S, Gialdi G, Carlotta D, Emanuela Giarolli L, Barranca M, Cerioli C, Franzoni C, Masci E, Manini R, Luca Busso S, Ruotolo G, Krueger RF, Markon KE, Fossati A. The Inter-Rater Reliability and Validity of the Italian Translation of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders Module I and Module II: A Preliminary Report on Consecutively Admitted Psychotherapy Outpatients. J Pers Disord 2020; 34:95-123. [PMID: 33834856 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2020_34_511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the reliability and convergent validity of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (SCID-5-AMPD) Module I and Module II, 88 adult psychotherapy participants were administered the Italian translations of the SCID-5-AMPD Module I and Module II, Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Brief Form (LPFS-BF), Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Self Report (LPFS-SF), Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+ (PDQ-4+), and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Personality Disorders (SCID-5-PD) relying on a Williams crossover design. SCID-5-AMPD Module I and Module II showed excellent inter-rater reliability. In terms of convergent validity, meaningful associations were observed between SCID-5-AMPD Module I scores and self-report measures of Criterion A; similarly, SCID-5-AMPD Module II trait scores were meaningfully related to PID-5 trait scores. As a whole, our preliminary findings supported the clinical utility of DSM-5 AMPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Somma
- From School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Borroni
- From School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Gialdi
- From School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Carlotta
- From School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Margherita Barranca
- From School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlotta Cerioli
- From School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Franzoni
- From School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Masci
- From School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Manini
- From School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Luca Busso
- From School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Ruotolo
- From School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Robert F Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Kristian E Markon
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Andrea Fossati
- From School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Somma A, Krueger RF, Markon KE, Alajmo VBM, Arlotta E, Beretta S, Boni F, Busso SL, Manini R, Nazzaro G, Maffei C, Fossati A. DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorder Dysfunctional Personality Traits as Predictors of Self-Reported Aggression in an Italian Sample of Consecutively Admitted, Personality-Disordered Psychotherapy Patients. J Pers Disord 2020; 34:5-24. [PMID: 31206343 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2019_33_430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In order to assess the relationships between DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorder (AMPD) maladaptive personality traits and self-reports of aggression, 508 Italian adult participants who met at least one DSM-IV Axis II/DSM-5 Section II personality disorder (PD) diagnosis were administered the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) and the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ). Analysis results showed that multiple regression results, PID-5 Hostility, Callousness, and Risk Taking trait scale scores explained a large amount of variance in AQ Physical Aggression (PA) scores. Moreover, PID-5 Hostility, Callousness, and Risk Taking explained more than 20% of the variance in the AQ Physical Aggression scale scores that was left unexplained by selected continuously scored DSM-IV Axis II/DSM-5 Section II PDs, whereas SCID-II Paranoid, Narcissistic, Borderline, and Antisocial PDs added only 4% of variance to the amount of variance in AQ Physical Aggression scores that was already explained by the PID-5 trait scale scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Somma
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy, and IRCCS San Raffaele Turro Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Valentina B M Alajmo
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy, and IRCCS San Raffaele Turro Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Arlotta
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy, and IRCCS San Raffaele Turro Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Beretta
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy, and IRCCS San Raffaele Turro Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Boni
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy, and IRCCS San Raffaele Turro Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano L Busso
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy, and IRCCS San Raffaele Turro Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Manini
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy, and IRCCS San Raffaele Turro Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Nazzaro
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy, and IRCCS San Raffaele Turro Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Cesare Maffei
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy, and IRCCS San Raffaele Turro Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Fossati
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy, and IRCCS San Raffaele Turro Hospital, Milan, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John M. Malouff
- University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
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Ren D, Evans AM. Leaving the Loners Alone: Dispositional Preference for Solitude Evokes Ostracism. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2020; 47:1294-1308. [PMID: 33135544 PMCID: PMC8258721 DOI: 10.1177/0146167220968612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
What are the interpersonal consequences of seeking solitude? Leading theories in developmental research have proposed that having a general preference for solitude may incur significant interpersonal costs, but empirical studies are still lacking. In five studies (total N = 1,823), we tested whether target individuals with a higher preference for solitude were at greater risk for ostracism, a common, yet extremely negative, experience. In studies using self-reported experiences (Study 1) and perceptions of others’ experiences (Study 2), individuals with a stronger preference for solitude were more likely to experience ostracism. Moreover, participants were more willing to ostracize targets with a high (vs. low) preference for solitude (Studies 3 and 4). Why do people ostracize solitude-seeking individuals? Participants assumed that interacting with these individuals would be aversive for themselves and the targets (Study 5; preregistered). Together, these studies suggest that seeking time alone has important (and potentially harmful) interpersonal consequences.
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Koster N, Laceulle OM, Van der Heijden PT, Klimstra T, De Clercq B, Verbeke L, De Caluwé EAL, Van Aken MAG. A Psychometric Evaluation of a Reduced Version of the PID-5 in Clinical and Non-Clinical Adolescents. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. A dimensional perspective on personality pathology in which trait assessment plays an important role has been proposed in the DSM-5, as represented in the PID-5 measure. In an attempt to increase the feasibility of the personality disorder (PD) assessment process, Maples and colleagues constructed a reduced, 100-item version of the PID-5. This study aimed to replicate and extend previous findings on the psychometric properties of this 100-item PID-5 relying on a non-clinical ( N = 100) and a clinical ( N = 101) sample of mid-adolescents, as well as a non-clinical ( N = 218) and a clinical ( N = 212) sample of late-adolescents. Results indicate that the psychometric properties of the 100-item PID-5 are adequate and similar to the original PID-5 in all samples. Our study provides evidence for extended applicability of the 100-item PID-5 for both clinical and non-clinical adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagila Koster
- Reinier van Arkel, Centre for Adolescent Psychiatry, ‘s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
- Department of Social Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Theo Klimstra
- Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lize Verbeke
- Personality Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
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Psychological and clinical characteristics of patients with spontaneous coronary artery dissection: A case-control study. Int J Cardiol 2020; 323:1-6. [PMID: 32798624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relative frequency of psychological factors in patients with spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) compared to patients with traditional atherosclerosis-related type 1 acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is unknown. This study examines whether psychological factors and emotional or physical precipitants are more common in SCAD patients versus atherosclerosis-related ACS patients. METHODS Participants with SCAD were recruited from a Dutch SCAD database. Given the predominance of SCAD in women (>90%), only female patients were included. The age- and sex-matched atherosclerosis-related ACS group was identified from a registry database. Online questionnaires and medical records were used to investigate psychological factors and clinical information. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine differences between 172 SCAD patients and 76 ACS patients on emotional and physical precipitants prior to the event and psychological factors after the event. RESULTS Patients with SCAD were more likely to experience an emotional precipitant in the 24 h prior to the event (56%), compared with the ACS group (39%) (OR = 1.98, 95%CI 1.14-3.44). Multivariate analyses showed that this association remained significant after adjustment for covariates (OR = 2.17, 95%CI 1.08-4.36). At an average of 3.2 years post-hospitalization for the SCAD or atherosclerosis-related ACS event, both patient groups had similar high levels of perceived stress (50% vs. 45%, p = .471) and fatigue (56% vs. 53%, p = .643). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that risk profiles for SCAD differ from traditional atherosclerosis-related ACS. Our findings may help health professionals to recognize SCAD and offer tailored rehabilitation and prevention programs.
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Steenhaut P, Rossi G, Demeyer I, De Raedt R. Flexibility as a Mediator between Personality and Well-Being in Older and Younger Adults: Findings from Questionnaire Data and a Behavioral Task. Exp Aging Res 2020; 46:446-468. [PMID: 32787640 DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2020.1805935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Personality is a predictor of subjective well-being in older and younger adults, but less is known about the underlying mechanisms. One possible mechanism is psychological flexibility, which is the ability to keep an open mind-set in order to make flexible choices adapted to the situation at hand. METHODS We recruited 60 younger and 60 older adults and measured personality and well-being by questionnaires. To assess psychological flexibility we used questionnaires and a behavioral task assessing flexibility in information acquisition when making choices. RESULTS Based on indirect effect analysis of the questionnaire data, in line with former research, our data show that in both age groups, the relationship between personality and well-being runs through psychological flexibility. CONCLUSION This implies that training psychological flexibility may be a promising approach to increase well-being in both older and younger adults. This effect could not be demonstrated with our choice flexibility task, thus more research is needed to uncover why this could not be measured at the behavioral level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priska Steenhaut
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Clinical and Lifespan Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gina Rossi
- Department of Clinical and Lifespan Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ineke Demeyer
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rudi De Raedt
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
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Brake HJ, Walter F, Rink FA, Essens PJ, Vegt GS. Multiple team membership and job performance: The role of employees’ information‐sharing networks. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/joop.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik J. Brake
- Department of Human Resource Management and Organizational Behavior University of Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Frank Walter
- Department of Organization and Human Resource Management Justus Liebig University Giessen Germany
| | - Floor A. Rink
- Department of Human Resource Management and Organizational Behavior University of Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Peter J.M.D. Essens
- Department of Human Resource Management and Organizational Behavior University of Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Gerben S. Vegt
- Department of Human Resource Management and Organizational Behavior University of Groningen The Netherlands
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Dong Y, Dumas D. Are personality measures valid for different populations? A systematic review of measurement invariance across cultures, gender, and age. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.109956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Na G, Fietzer AW. A National Survey of Social Justice Engagement Among Professional Counselors. JOURNAL OF COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jcad.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- GoEun Na
- Department of Educational Foundations and Counseling ProgramsHunter College of the City University of New York
| | - Alexander W. Fietzer
- Department of Educational Foundations and Counseling ProgramsHunter College of the City University of New York
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Smaardijk VR, Mommersteeg PMC, Kop WJ, Adlam D, Maas AHEM. Psychological and clinical characteristics of female patients with spontaneous coronary artery dissection. Neth Heart J 2020; 28:485-491. [PMID: 32500434 PMCID: PMC7431500 DOI: 10.1007/s12471-020-01437-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is increasingly recognised as a cause of myocardial infarction, but psychological characteristics of patients with SCAD have not yet been extensively investigated. We assessed the prevalence of a broad range of psychological and clinical factors, and their inter-relationships in patients with a history of SCAD. Furthermore, we investigated whether specific clusters of patients with SCAD can be identified. Methods Participants were recruited between March and May 2019 from a Dutch SCAD database and completed online questionnaires. Clinical information was verified by review of medical records. Participants were predominantly female (172/183; 94%). Analyses focused on the 172 female patients (mean age 52.0 ± 7.5 years, 37% postmenopausal). Results The most common comorbidities of SCAD were migraine (52%), fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD; 29%), chronic pain (29%), and tinnitus (28%). Six women (3%) had pregnancy-associated SCAD. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors were rare (<10%), except for hypertension (31%). Psychological assessment indicated high levels of perceived stress (PSS-10 ≥14; 50%), fatigue (FAS-10 ≥22; 56%), and a frequent history of burnout (25%). The prevalence of depression (9%) and anxiety (12%) was relatively low. Three clusters were identified: (A) FMD and chronic non-ischaemic conditions (tinnitus, chronic pain, and irritable bowel syndrome); (B) migraine; and (C) none of these conditions. Conclusion This study shows that perceived stress and fatigue are common in patients with SCAD, in addition to prevalent comorbid FMD, migraine, tinnitus, and non-ischaemic pain conditions. These factors may add to developing tailored rehabilitation programmes for patients with SCAD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s12471-020-01437-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- V R Smaardijk
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Centre of Research on Psychology in Somatic Diseases (CoRPS), Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - P M C Mommersteeg
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Centre of Research on Psychology in Somatic Diseases (CoRPS), Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
| | - W J Kop
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Centre of Research on Psychology in Somatic Diseases (CoRPS), Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - D Adlam
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Leicester NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - A H E M Maas
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Vanaken L, Bijttebier P, Hermans D. I like you better when you are coherent. Narrating autobiographical memories in a coherent manner has a positive impact on listeners' social evaluations. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232214. [PMID: 32353027 PMCID: PMC7192457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We all have stories to tell. The stories that prevail in our conversations frequently concern significant past personal experiences and are accordingly based on autobiographical memory retrieval and sharing. This is in line with the social function of autobiographical memory, which embodies the idea that we share memories with others to develop and maintain social relationships. However, the successful fulfilment of this social function is dependent on phenomenological properties of the memory, which are highly inter-individually different. One important individual difference is memory coherence, operationalized as narrative coherence. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of memory coherence on the social evaluations of listeners. We hypothesized that being incoherent in the sharing of autobiographical memories, would evoke more negative social evaluations from listeners, in comparison to coherently sharing autobiographical memories. METHODS In a within-subject experimental study, 96 participants listened to four pre-recorded audio clips in which the speaker narrated about an autobiographical experience, in either a coherent or an incoherent manner. RESULTS Results were in line with our hypotheses. Participants showed more willingness to interact, more instrumental support, more positive feelings, more empathy and more trust towards those narrators who talked in a coherent manner about their autobiographical memories, as compared to those that talked in an incoherent manner. Negative feelings in the listener were evoked when the speaker talked incoherently, but especially when it concerned a positive memory. DISCUSSION Results can be explained in terms of a reduction in the attraction effect when effortful processing is increased, which is in line with the dual processing theory of impression formation. Another explanation involves the idea that coherence is necessary to establish truthfulness in communication. The clinical relevance of these findings is further illustrated in light of the relation between social support and psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauranne Vanaken
- Centre for the Psychology of Learning and Experimental Psychopathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Dirk Hermans
- Centre for the Psychology of Learning and Experimental Psychopathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Palsson TS, Christensen SWM, Pape MH, Hirata RP, Rafn T, Skou ST. Cross-cultural adaptation of the Danish version of the Big Five Inventory - a dual-panel approach. Scand J Pain 2020; 20:397-406. [PMID: 31800396 DOI: 10.1515/sjpain-2019-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background and aims Assessing personality in research can be of importance, especially due to the potential relationship between different personality traits and the manifestation of symptoms in different clinical conditions. Therefore, it is important to have valid and reliable tools that allow for the assessment of personality traits. In this study, the aim was to translate and culturally adapt the Big Five Inventory (BFI) to the Danish language. Methods A dual panel approach, consisting of a 4-person bilingual panel and an 8-person panel with laymen, was used to translate and culturally adapt the questionnaire. A third 9-person panel consisting of people with different medical diagnosis was used to assess the face validity. Internal consistency (Cronbach's α) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC)) were tested amongst 96 subjects. Results The translated version demonstrated adequate internal consistency (0.66-0.84) and good-excellent test-retest reliability (0.86-0.95). The smallest detectable change is between 1.13-1.70 for the five subscales. Both the healthy and patient panels of laymen considered the questionnaire too long. Conclusion This translated version of the Big Five Inventory demonstrated high to very high test-retest reliability and, for most parts, an acceptable internal consistency. The construct validity was however different from versions translated into languages geographically and culturally similar to Danish. Implications Assessing the Big Five personality traits in Danish populations can be valuable for many reasons, e.g. when assessing people in pain in both clinical and experimental settings. Improved knowledge of the underlying driver of pain conditions is important. Here, understanding how personality may interact with pain can help researchers and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorvaldur Skuli Palsson
- Department of Health Science and Technology, SMI, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7, Aalborg, Denmark, Phone: +453-022-0937
| | - Steffan Wittrup McPhee Christensen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, SMI, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Physiotherapy, University College of Northern Denmark, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | | | - Trine Rafn
- Department of Health Science and Technology, SMI, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Søren T Skou
- Research Unit for Musculoskeletal Function and Physiotherapy, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark.,Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Næstved-Slagelse-Ringsted Hospitals, Slagelse, Denmark
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Lovik A, Nassiri V, Verbeke G, Molenberghs G. A modified tucker’s congruence coefficient for factor matching. METHODOLOGY-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH METHODS FOR THE BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.5964/meth.2813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since factor analysis is one of the most often used techniques in psychometrics, comparing or combining solutions from different factor analyses is often needed. Several measures to compare factors exist, one of the best known is Tucker’s congruence coefficient, which is enjoying newly found popularity thanks to the recent work of Lorenzo-Seva and ten Berge (2006), who established cut-off values for factor congruence. While this coefficient is in most cases very good in comparing factors in general, it also has some disadvantages, which can cause trouble when one needs to compare or combine many analyses. In this paper, we propose a modified Tucker’s congruence coefficient to address these issues.
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Klimstra TA, Jeronimus BF, Sijtsema JJ, Denissen JJ. The unfolding dark side: Age trends in dark personality features. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2020.103915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Van Doesum NJ, de Vries RE, Blokland AAJ, Hill JM, Kuhlman DM, Stivers AW, Tybur JM, Van Lange PAM. Social mindfulness: Prosocial the active way. THE JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2019.1579352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niels J. Van Doesum
- Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Reinout E. de Vries
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Educational Science, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Arjan A. J. Blokland
- Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement (NSCR), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jessica M. Hill
- Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement (NSCR), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Ministerie van Justitie en Veiligheid, Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek- en Documentatiecentrum (WODC), The Hague, Netherlands
| | - David M. Kuhlman
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Adam W. Stivers
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
- Department of Psychology, Gonzaga University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Joshua M. Tybur
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paul A. M. Van Lange
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Hengartner MP, von Wyl A, Heiniger Haldimann B, Yamanaka-Altenstein M. Personality Traits and Psychopathology Over the Course of Six Months of Outpatient Psychotherapy: A Prospective Observational Study. Front Psychol 2020; 11:174. [PMID: 32116964 PMCID: PMC7020192 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a lack of prospective studies that test pre-specified hypotheses on the role of personality traits in outpatient psychotherapy. A total of 47 patients with a broad range of psychopathological syndromes were enrolled in a prospective 6-month observational study conducted in Zurich, Switzerland. We found evidence for remarkably high differential stability in all Big Five personality traits during the first 6 months of psychotherapy. Mean-level stability was very high in agreeableness and conscientiousness, while modest changes were observed in neuroticism, extraversion and openness. Baseline scores in neuroticism and conscientiousness at the beginning of therapy predicted modest change in self-reported severity of psychopathology over 6 months, but no effect was found in association with therapist-rated functional deficits. We conclude that personality trait levels may change slightly over the course of 6 months of psychotherapy and that both neuroticism and conscientiousness may have weak associations with the self-perceived improvement in psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Hengartner
- Department of Applied Psychology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Agnes von Wyl
- Department of Applied Psychology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
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Do therapist effects determine outcome in patients with shoulder pain in a primary care physiotherapy setting? Physiotherapy 2020; 107:111-117. [PMID: 32026811 DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore whether a therapist effect exists in physiotherapists treating patients with shoulder pain and to identify if personality traits of the physiotherapist influences patients outcome. DESIGN Observational cohort study. SETTING Primary care physiotherapy practices. PARTICIPANTS Data on patients with shoulder complaints that started and finished treatment between 2009 and 2012 were derived from the NIVEL Primary Care Database. Personality traits of the physiotherapist were identified using the Big Five Inventory. Data of 2814 patients and 56 physiotherapists were analysed using multi level linear regression. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Severity of complaint was measured on a 10-point Likert scale at the start and end of treatment. Change score is used as outcome. RESULTS A therapist effect exists in the rehabilitation of patients with shoulder complaints in a physiotherapy setting; the physiotherapist explained 12% of variance and the personality trait extraversion showed a significant association (P=0.03) with change in treatment outcome. CONCLUSION Current explorative study suggests that patients who were treated by therapists that tend to be more outgoing and energetic achieved better treatment results. Additional studies are needed to unravel the interplay between personality traits and other variables of importance, like patients' personality traits or psychological factors, in treating patients with shoulder complaints.
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Fransen K, Haslam SA, Steffens NK, Boen F. Standing out from the crowd: Identifying the traits and behaviors that characterize high‐quality athlete leaders. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 30:766-786. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Niklas K. Steffens
- School of Psychology The University of Queensland St. Lucia QLD Australia
| | - Filip Boen
- Department of Movement Sciences KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
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Rassart J, Luyckx K, Verdyck L, Mijnster T, Mark RE. Personality functioning in adults with refractory epilepsy and community adults: Implications for health-related quality of life. Epilepsy Res 2019; 159:106251. [PMID: 31862480 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2019.106251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prior research has shown that people with epilepsy are at risk for a poorer health-related quality of life (HRQOL). However, patients differ greatly in how well they adjust to their epilepsy. To better understand these differences, the present study examined the role of personality. More specifically, we examined mean-level differences in Big Five personality traits between adults with refractory epilepsy and a community sample and related these traits to patients' HRQOL. METHODS A total of 121 adults with refractory epilepsy (18-40 years old, 56% women) completed questionnaires on the Big Five personality traits, HRQOL, and seizure frequency and severity. Patients' Big Five scores were compared to those of a community sample matched on sex and age using paired samples t-tests. We conducted hierarchical regression analyses to examine associations between personality and HRQOL, while controlling for the effects of sex, age, age at diagnosis, seizure frequency, and seizure severity. RESULTS Patients reported higher levels of neuroticism and lower levels of openness as compared to controls. In patients, seizure severity was positively related to neuroticism and negatively related to agreeableness. Finally, patients high in neuroticism and low in conscientiousness generally reported a poorer HRQOL. CONCLUSION In the present study, small personality differences were observed between adults with refractory epilepsy and a community sample. Patients' personality was found to play an important role in adjusting to epilepsy, even after controlling for seizure frequency and severity. Personality assessment may help healthcare professionals in identifying patients at risk for poor HRQOL later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Koen Luyckx
- KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; UNIBS, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Ludo Verdyck
- Kempenhaeghe Expertise Center Epilepsy, Oosterhout, the Netherlands
| | - Teus Mijnster
- Kempenhaeghe Expertise Center Epilepsy, Oosterhout, the Netherlands
| | - Ruth E Mark
- Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
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Pelt DHM, Van der Linden D, Dunkel CS, Born MP. The Motivation and Opportunity for Socially Desirable Responding Does Not Alter the General Factor of Personality. Assessment 2019; 28:1376-1396. [PMID: 31619053 PMCID: PMC8167912 DOI: 10.1177/1073191119880960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Socially desirable responding may affect the factor structure of personality questionnaires and may be one of the reasons for the common variance among personality traits. In this study, we test this hypothesis by investigating the influence of the motivational test-taking context (development vs. selection) and the opportunity to distort responses (forced-choice vs. Likert response format) on personality questionnaire scores. Data from real selection and assessment candidates (total N = 3,980) matched on gender, age, and educational level were used. Mean score differences were found between the selection and development groups, with smaller differences for the FC version. Yet, exploratory structural equation models showed that the overall factor structures as well as the general factor were highly similar across the four groups. Thus, although socially desirable responding may affect mean scores on personality traits, it does not appear to affect factor structures. This study further suggests that the common variance in personality questionnaires is consistent and appears to be little influenced by motivational pressures for response distortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk H M Pelt
- Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Ixly, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Marise Ph Born
- Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
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Negru-Subtirica O, Pop EI, Crocetti E, Meeus W. Social comparison at school: Can GPA and personality mutually influence each other across time? J Pers 2019; 88:555-567. [PMID: 31483860 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Being a student is an important social role youth play during adolescence and how they approach this role has critical implications for their future development. This three-wave longitudinal study investigated the links between academic achievement (i.e., GPA) and personality traits, through the lens of social comparison mechanisms. METHOD Patterns of effects between students' GPA and personality traits were analyzed at group (i.e., comparing rank-order differences at group-level; group effects) and individual (i.e., scores are compared to a student's own mean; within-person effects) levels. A total of 1,151 adolescents (Mage = 16.45 years; 58.7% female) participated in the study. RESULTS Most effects we depicted were from GPA to personality traits. At the group-level, higher GPA fostered students' Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Openness, while Openness reinforced high levels of GPA. At the individual level, GPA was a protective factor against negative affect, as it drove longitudinal decreases in Neuroticism. CONCLUSIONS GPA had a stronger role in personality formation when it reflected students' standing in the school compared to their peers (i.e., group effects) and to a lesser extent when it reflected changes at personal level (i.e., within-person effects).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Negru-Subtirica
- Self and Identity Development Lab, Department of Psychology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Eleonora Ioana Pop
- Self and Identity Development Lab, Department of Psychology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Elisabetta Crocetti
- Department of Psychology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Wim Meeus
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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