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Paulino M, Edens JF, Moniz M, Moura O, Rijo D, Simões MR. Personality assessment inventory (PAI) in forensic and correctional settings: A comprehensive review. J Forensic Leg Med 2024; 103:102661. [PMID: 38461694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
As Forensic Psychology continues to expand as an independent field, professionals regularly resort to psychological assessment tools to assess people involved within the justice system. The Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) is a 344-item, self-report inventory that aims to provide meaningful information for diagnosis and clinical decision-making, specifically relating to psychopathology, personality, and psychosocial environment. Its applicability in forensic settings has been increasingly recognized on account of its benefits in comparison to other self-report inventories (e.g., MMPI-2, MCMI-III), since it includes scales that are relevant to forensic settings (e.g., violence risk levels, psychopathy, substance abuse), and the existence of profile distortion indicators is useful when dealing with highly defensive and/or malingering populations. The goal of this paper is to conduct a thorough review of the PAI's utility in forensic settings, by focusing on the relevant forensic constructs assessed by the PAI (e.g., personality disorders, psychosis, substance abuse, aggression, recidivism risk, and response distortion), as well as its application to offender and inmate populations, intimate partner violence contexts, family law cases, and forensic professionals. Overall, the PAI continues to gather international recognition and its relevance and usefulness in forensic settings is generally accepted and acknowledged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Paulino
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Rua do Colégio Novo, 3000-115, Coimbra, Portugal; Psychological Assessment and Psychometrics Laboratory, Rua do Colégio Novo, 3000-115, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - John F Edens
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, Portugal
| | - Mariana Moniz
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Rua do Colégio Novo, 3000-115, Coimbra, Portugal; Psychological Assessment and Psychometrics Laboratory, Rua do Colégio Novo, 3000-115, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Octávio Moura
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Rua do Colégio Novo, 3000-115, Coimbra, Portugal; Psychological Assessment and Psychometrics Laboratory, Rua do Colégio Novo, 3000-115, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniel Rijo
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Rua do Colégio Novo, 3000-115, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences of the University of Coimbra, Rua do Colégio Novo, 3000-115, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mário R Simões
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Rua do Colégio Novo, 3000-115, Coimbra, Portugal; Psychological Assessment and Psychometrics Laboratory, Rua do Colégio Novo, 3000-115, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences of the University of Coimbra, Rua do Colégio Novo, 3000-115, Coimbra, Portugal
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Neal TMS, Sellbom M, de Ruiter C. Personality Assessment in Legal Contexts: Introduction to the Special Issue. J Pers Assess 2022; 104:127-136. [PMID: 35235475 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2022.2033248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This special issue addresses a major gap in the literature by providing comprehensive, credible reviews of the psychometric evidence for and legal status of some of the most commonly-used psychological and personality assessment measures used in forensic evaluations. It responds to Neal and colleagues' (2019) call for research to improve the state of and access to knowledge about psychological assessments in legal contexts, and encourages critical thinking about forensic assessment in the spirit of improvement. These articles offer clarity about the strengths and weaknesses of a number of assessment instruments to inform psychologists' preparation for expert testimony, lawyers' preparation for direct and cross-examination, judges' evidence admissibility determinations, and scholars' future research. We assembled teams of authors with different perspectives and areas of expertise to review each tool fairly, including several adversarial collaborations. Articles on the Rorschach and R-PAS, MMPI-3, PCL-R, MCMI-IV and MACI-II, PAI and PAI-A, SIRS-2, HCR-20V3, TSI and TSI-2, and the MacCAT-CA, ECST-R, and CAST*MR are included. To increase visibility, accessibility, and impact, this issue is published as free access, meaning the articles are available to download without charge. We anticipate these articles will be widely read and useful to scholars and practitioners in both psychology and law.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess M S Neal
- New College of Interdisciplinary Arts & Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Martin Sellbom
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Corine de Ruiter
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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