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Silva T. Self-Rated Masculinity and Femininity and Reported Number of Lifetime Sexual Partners Among Cisgender Heterosexual and LGBQ Men and Women. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2024; 53:1633-1644. [PMID: 38097871 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02756-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Prior research has quantitatively examined why heterosexual men and women report different numbers of lifetime different-sex sexual partners, whereas qualitative work has analyzed how men's masculinity-and to a lesser extent, women's femininity-is tied to gender norms about sexual activity. Less research, however, has quantitatively examined the associations between self-rated masculinity and femininity and reported number of lifetime sexual partners. This brief report uses a large sample of Canadians (n = 2117) to examine how self-rated masculinity and femininity relate to reported numbers of sexual partners among four groups of cisgender people: (1) heterosexual men (n = 972), (2) heterosexual women (n = 979), (3) gay and bisexual/pansexual men (n = 99), and (4) lesbian and bisexual/pansexual women (n = 67). Results demonstrate that self-rated femininity was negatively, and masculinity positively, associated with reported numbers of lifetime different-sex sexual partners among heterosexual women. No significant associations emerged for other groups. The lack of significant associations among heterosexual men may be attributable to the fact that most rated themselves as very masculine and not very feminine, whereas there was more variation among heterosexual women. In contrast, the non-significance among LGBQ women and men could reflect that subcultural norms and practices more strongly shape the number of sexual partners individuals report having in these communities. These results demonstrate that it would be beneficial for researchers to measure self-rated masculinity and femininity in future studies about sexual partnering practices, especially among heterosexual cisgender women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Silva
- Department of Sociology, University of British Columbia, 6303 NW Marine Drive, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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Waldis L, Herzberg PY, Herold J, Nothhelfer K, Krebs J, Troche S. Predictors of sexual aggression among gay men and lesbian women: An application of Malamuth's confluence model. Aggress Behav 2023; 49:154-164. [PMID: 36417501 PMCID: PMC10100460 DOI: 10.1002/ab.22062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated whether the core constructs of Malamuth's confluence model (i.e., hostility against individuals of the same sex and sexual orientation [HASSO], impersonal sexuality [IS], and high dominance/low nurturance [HDLN]) could predict sexual aggressive behavior (SA) of gay men against other gay men and of lesbian women against other lesbian women. For both gay men (N = 226) and lesbian women (N = 190) regression analysis showed that IS, HDLN, and especially HASSO proved to be important predictors for sexual aggression. The confluence of all three risk factors in terms of a three-way interaction added to the prediction of SA in lesbian women but not in gay men. Overall, the three predictors explained 30% of the variance in SA among men and 62% of the variance in SA among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Waldis
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Yorck Herzberg
- Department of Personality Psychology and Psychological Assessment, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Helmut-Schmidt-University/University of the Federal Armed Forces, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Herold
- Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Konstanze Nothhelfer
- Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Joline Krebs
- Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Stefan Troche
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Vaccaro MG, Izzo G, Sarica A, La Vignera S, Aversa A. Cluster Analysis Method Reveals Gender Attitudes in Sociosexual Orientation of a Southern Italy Population During the COVID-19 Lockdown. SEXUALITY RESEARCH & SOCIAL POLICY : JOURNAL OF NSRC : SR & SP 2022; 20:1-14. [PMID: 36313416 PMCID: PMC9589638 DOI: 10.1007/s13178-022-00771-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 epidemic and its lockdown dramatically impacted the general well-being of the population and affected sociosexual experiences, thus modifying sexual behavior, desire, and well-being. Clustering analysis has not yet been applied to research and data investigating sociosexuality. The cluster analysis method could be a valid support for clinicians in investigating the condition of a population with respect to problems related to sociosexuality. The aim of the present study was to analyze the different perceptions of the sociosexual experiences in southern population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We enrolled 734 (450 female) participants with a carried out anonymous web-based survey from the 16th of April 2020 to the 3rd June of 2020. The revised Sociosexual Orientation Inventory (SOI-R) is a self-report test assessing three theoretically meaningful facets of sociosexual orientation (behavior, attitude, and desire). Results We found eleven clusters, and the findings showed, for the first time, an intra- and inter-diagnostic heterogeneity in the sexual profile of participants. Theoretically, we identified subtype clusters whose sexual attitude was to avoid sexual promiscuity with significant gender differences. Women show a greater propensity for attitude and desire facet than men. Conclusions Our new method of unsupervised learning could represent a reliable tool to support socio-cultural analysis studies on issues influenced by cultural mechanisms in a quick and explanatory way, as in the case of sexual orientation and attitude differences between men and women. Social and Policy Implications Understanding these gaps is fundamental for policy makers, managers of social networks, those who deal with engaged couples and families, and sexuality starting from the very youngest adolescents. We claim to devise a strategy to measure how much a sexist culture implicitly and explicitly limits the freedom of sexual expression and how this can affect psycho-sexual well-being in a society. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13178-022-00771-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Vaccaro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Center, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giulia Izzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Alessia Sarica
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Center, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Aversa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Leeper E, Sinha S, Roelse M, Huntington C, Owen J, Rhoades GK, Stanley SM. A Latent Class Analysis of Predictors for Engaging in Sex: A Study with Ethnically Diverse High School Students. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2022; 49:1-16. [PMID: 35451914 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2022.2064947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sexual activity occurs among a large portion of young adults and adolescents, including high school students. While about 40% of high school students nationwide have engaged in sexual intercourse, more information is needed about how individual characteristics may relate to larger patterns of adolescent sexual behavior. This exploratory study utilized a latent class analysis (LCA) to identify clusters of high school students (N = 801) based on demographic characteristics, sexual refusal skills, healthy relationship skills, sociosexuality, internalizing symptoms, alcohol use, various forms of social support (i.e., parents, friends, teachers), and sexual activity at baseline to predict their sexual behavior at a 6-month follow-up. Four unique latent classes were identified based on these baseline predictors. Distinctions in the profiles of high schoolers varied significantly by internalizing symptoms, race/ethnicity, sexually conservative attitudes, and social support in the prediction of adolescent sexual activity at 6-months. This study contributes to the investigation of demographic, social, psychological, attitudinal, and behavioral factors that may distinguish high school students from one another in terms of their longitudinal rates of sexual activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Leeper
- Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Sree Sinha
- Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Meghan Roelse
- Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Charlie Huntington
- Center for Marital and Family Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Jesse Owen
- Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Galena K Rhoades
- Center for Marital and Family Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Scott M Stanley
- Center for Marital and Family Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
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Blasco-Belled A, Zyskowska E, Terebu M, Włodarska KA, Rogoza R. Sociosexual Orientations and Well-Being: Differences Across Gender. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEXUAL HEALTH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEXUAL HEALTH 2021; 34:254-266. [PMID: 38596528 PMCID: PMC10903569 DOI: 10.1080/19317611.2021.1998284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Background Sociosexuality explains whether people hold an (un)restricted orientation toward casual sex, and its effects on well-being are inconclusive. This study investigates how specifically the facets of sociosexuality relate to three components of well-being in men and women. Methods: Self-report measures of sociosexuality and well-being were assessed in 556 Polish adults. Results: Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis revealed differences in sociosexual attitudes and desire across gender. Structural equation models showed significant results only for men-emotional and psychological well-being were positively predicted by sociosexual behavior and negatively predicted by desire. Conclusions: Sociosexuality predicted well-being differently across gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Blasco-Belled
- Department of Psychology, University of Girona, Pujada de Sant Domènec, Girona, Spain
| | - Emilia Zyskowska
- Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Martyna Terebu
- Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | | | - Radosław Rogoza
- Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
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Waldis L, Borter N, Rammsayer TH. The Interactions Among Sexual Orientation, Masculine and Feminine Gender Role Orientation, and Facets of Sociosexuality in Young Heterosexual and Homosexual Men. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2021; 68:2003-2023. [PMID: 31990236 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2020.1717837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the functional relationships among sexual orientation, masculine and feminine gender role orientation, and sociosexual orientation in 282 heterosexual and 282 homosexual young men. Homosexual men reported significantly more pronounced sociosexual behavior (d = 0.65) and desire (d = 0.31). Furthermore, homosexual men were characterized by lower masculine (d =-0.26) and higher feminine (d = 0.38) gender role orientation. Latent variable analyses revealed that homosexual men as well as more masculine men, irrespective of their sexual orientation, had more uncommitted sexual relations and more unrestricted sociosexual attitudes. A similar pattern could be identified for sociosexual desire. While homosexual men were more unrestricted in their sociosexual desire, this also held for more feminine men in general. Overall, findings indicated that homosexual orientation is positively associated with sociosexual orientation. In addition, masculine/feminine gender role orientations exert differential influences on the three facets of sociosexuality independent of sexual orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Waldis
- Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Natalie Borter
- Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Analysis of Sexual Inhibition and Satisfaction from a Gender Perspective among University Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18157994. [PMID: 34360283 PMCID: PMC8345740 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
University is characterized by a critical stage where students experience their sexuality, across a range of relationships. From these experiences, university students consolidate their personality and their sexual role. Factors such as age, sex, or traumatic experiences of violence or sexual abuse can affect their sexual role. The present study aims to analyze how the variables age, sex and having suffered abuse or violence may predict sexual satisfaction and inhibition. In addition, we analyze the mediating effect that sexual role plays on these relationships. For this purpose, Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI-12), Sociosexual Orientation Inventory (SOI-R), Inhibited Sexual Desire Test (ISD) and New Sexual Satisfaction Scale (NESS) were administered to 403 university students. The findings report that sex (β = −0.313), age (β = −0.116) and being a survivor of sexual assault (β = 0.413) are predictive of male role, but not from the female role. Also, people with more male features tend to have lower levels of commitment and inhibition than those who have more female ones.
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Waldis L, Borter N, Rammsayer TH. On the Functional Relationships Among Sexual Orientation, Masculine and Feminine Gender Role Orientation, and Sociosexual Orientation in Young Heterosexual and Lesbian Women. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2020; 57:1048-1058. [PMID: 31995407 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2020.1717413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the mutual interplay of sexual orientation, masculine and feminine gender role orientation, and sociosexual orientation in young women. To ensure cross-sample validity, 323 heterosexual women and 323 lesbian women, ranging in age from 18 to 29 years, were matched for possible confounding variables. Lesbian women scored significantly higher (d = 0.27) on the Desire subscale of the Revised Sociosexual Orientation Inventory, but not on the Behavior (d = 0.07) and Attitude subscales (d = 0.11). Concerning gender role orientation, heterosexual women were characterized by significantly higher scores on the Femininity scale (d = 0.20), whereas lesbian women showed more pronounced masculine gender role orientation (d = 0.16). Structural equation modeling revealed two functionally distinct relationships between sexual orientation and sociosexuality, on the one hand, and between gender role orientation and sociosexuality, on the other hand. Sociosexual desire was exclusively associated with a woman's sexual orientation with no indication of any mediating effect of gender role orientation. Sociosexual behavior was positively related to a woman's level of masculine gender role orientation, while sociosexual attitude was positively associated with masculine and negatively associated with feminine gender role orientation, irrespective of sexual orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Waldis
- Institute of Psychology, University of Bern
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Are Sex Differences in Mating Preferences Really “Overrated”? The Effects of Sex and Relationship Orientation on Long-Term and Short-Term Mate Preferences. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40806-019-00223-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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10
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Bakker AJ, Walker BR. Sex drive and sociosexuality moderated by gender identity and gender identity fluidity. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.109884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Are Sex Differences in Mating Strategies Overrated? Sociosexual Orientation as a Dominant Predictor in Online Dating Strategies. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40806-018-0150-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Semenyna SW, Belu CF, Vasey PL, Lynne Honey P. Not Straight and Not Straightforward: the Relationships Between Sexual Orientation, Sociosexuality, and Dark Triad Traits in Women. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40806-017-0111-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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