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Qian T, Zhang H, Li X, Hou J, Zhao C, Gu Q, Wang H. Efficient Gating of Ion Transport in Three-Dimensional Metal-Organic Framework Sub-Nanochannels with Confined Light-Responsive Azobenzene Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:13051-13056. [PMID: 32343468 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
1D nanochannels modified with responsive molecules are fabricated to replicate gating functionalities of biological ion channels, but gating effects are usually weak because small molecular gates cannot efficiently block the large channels in the closed states. Now, 3D metal-organic framework (MOF) sub-nanochannels (SNCs) confined with azobenzene (AZO) molecules achieve efficient light-gating functionalities. The 3D MOFSNCs consisting of a MOF UiO66 with ca. 9-12 Å cavities connected by ca. 6 Å triangular windows work as angstrom-scale ion channels, while confined AZO within the MOF cavities function as light-driven molecular gates to efficiently regulate the ion flux. The AZO-MOFSNCs show good cyclic gating performance and high on-off ratios up to 17.8, an order of magnitude higher than ratios observed in conventional 1D AZO-modified nanochannels (1.3-1.5). This work provides a strategy to develop highly efficient switchable ion channels based on 3D porous MOFs and small responsive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyue Qian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Huacheng Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Xingya Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Jue Hou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Qinfen Gu
- Australian Synchrotron ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Rd, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Huanting Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
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2
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Qian T, Zhang H, Li X, Hou J, Zhao C, Gu Q, Wang H. Efficient Gating of Ion Transport in Three‐Dimensional Metal–Organic Framework Sub‐Nanochannels with Confined Light‐Responsive Azobenzene Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyue Qian
- Department of Chemical Engineering Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Huacheng Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Xingya Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Jue Hou
- Department of Chemical Engineering Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Qinfen Gu
- Australian Synchrotron ANSTO 800 Blackburn Rd Clayton VIC 3168 Australia
| | - Huanting Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
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3
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Krawczyk KM, Field RL, Liu LC, Dong M, Woolley GA, Miller RD. Illuminating the photoisomerization of a modified azobenzene single crystal by femtosecond absorption spectroscopy. CAN J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2018-0461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of isomerization for azobenzene is a topic still to be completely elucidated. Here, we describe the ultrafast dynamics of a brominated dioxane-methoxy-azobenzene under single crystal conditions by means of femtosecond transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy. Upon excitation with 400 nm light, spectral components with decays of 0.72, 2.9, and >10 ps are observed. The fast components of the system correspond to vibrational cooling of the population on the S1 excited state, with a decay to a local minimum in the reaction coordinate, followed by a longer evolution to a dark intermediate state prior to relaxing to the ground state, S0. The long time constant can be used to describe the isomerization process, returning excited population to the ground state. Spectral frequencies observed at 33 and 82 cm−1 suggest that both rotation and inversion occur in the system, with a stronger contribution coming from the latter due to a weakened N–N double bond in the excited state. This information provides insight into the structural nature of modified azobenzene systems and sets the stage for future structural studies of the molecule’s isomerization dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil M. Krawczyk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - Ryan L. Field
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - Lai Chung Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - Mingxin Dong
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Street, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - G. Andrew Woolley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - R.J. Dwayne Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Building 99 (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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4
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Xu C, Yu L, Gu FL, Zhu C. Probing the π → π* photoisomerization mechanism of trans-azobenzene by multi-state ab initio on-the-fly trajectory dynamics simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:23885-23897. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02767f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Global nonadiabatic switching on-the-fly trajectory surface hopping simulations at the 5SA-CASSCF(6,6)/6-31G quantum level have been employed to probe the photoisomerization mechanism of trans-azobenzene upon ππ* excitation within four coupled singlet low-lying electronic states (S0, S1, S2, and S3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry & Environment of South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 51006
- P. R. China
| | - Le Yu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry
- Northwest University
- Xi’an 710069
- China
| | - Feng Long Gu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry & Environment of South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 51006
- P. R. China
| | - Chaoyuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry & Environment of South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 51006
- P. R. China
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5
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Gupta M, Pal V, Pal SK. Photo-responsive liquid crystals derived from azobenzene centered cholesterol-based tetramers. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj05142e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Azobenzene centered cholesterol based tetramers showing spherulitic domains and photoresponsive behaviour in solution as well as Langmuir monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali
- Manauli-140306
- India
| | - Vaibhav Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali
- Manauli-140306
- India
| | - Santanu Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali
- Manauli-140306
- India
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6
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Caddy JS, Faust TB, Walton IM, Cox JM, Benedict JB, Solomon MB, Southon PD, Kepert CJ, D'Alessandro DM. Photoactive and Physical Properties of an Azobenzene-Containing Coordination Framework. Aust J Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/ch17215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A new three-dimensional coordination framework, [Zn4(tbazip)3(bpe)2(OH)2]·bpe·{solvent} (where bpe = 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethene) containing the novel photoactive ligand tbazip (tbazip = 5-((4-tert-butyl)phenylazo)isophthalic acid) has been synthesised and crystallographically characterised. The photoactivity of discrete tbazip was investigated and compared with its photoactivity while incorporated within the framework. The effect of isomerisation of the incorporated azobenzene on the chemical and physical properties of the framework were investigated using UV-vis and Raman spectroscopies. The framework is porous only to hydrogen gas at 77 K, but displayed an appreciable uptake for CO2 at 195 K.
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Yu L, Xu C, Zhu C. Probing the π→π* photoisomerization mechanism of cis-azobenzene by multi-state ab initio on-the-fly trajectory dynamics simulation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:17646-60. [PMID: 26081715 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02446c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Based on a newly developed algorithm to compute global nonadiabatic switching probability by using only electronic adiabatic potential energy surfaces and gradients, we performed on-the-fly, trajectory-surface hopping simulations at the 5SA-CASSCF(6,6)/6-31G quantum level to probe the π→π* photoisomerization mechanism of the azobenzene within four singlet low-lying electronic states (S0, S1, S2, and S3) coupled with a complicated conical intersection network. We found that four conical intersections between the S1 and S2 states (one is near the cis-isomer region, another near the trans-isomer region, and two others between cis and trans) play the most important roles for understanding the photoisomerization mechanism of azobenzene upon S2 and S3ππ* excitation. We studied six cases to demonstrate the photoisomerization mechanism in detail by choosing eight (six) typical reactive (nonreactive) trajectories, namely, two-step fast-fast processes having lifetimes of several tenths to one hundred femtoseconds and two-step, fast-slow and slow-slow processes having lifetimes of several hundred to one thousand femtoseconds. We found for the first time from simulation that once a trajectory visits the conical intersection near the trans-isomer after ππ* excitation, it could rapidly go through the inversion pathway to trans-azobenzene, and confirms the most recent experimental observations. We performed 536 sampling trajectories (336 from S2 and 200 from S3), initially starting from the Franck-Condon region of cis-azobenzene, and obtained a total reactive quantum yield of 0.3-0.45 in very good agreement with recent experimental results of 0.24-0.50. Moreover, the current method can estimate overall nonadiabatic transition probability for each sampling trajectory from beginning to end. This can greatly accelerate convergence of nonadiabatic molecular dynamic simulation, and, for instance, results in a quantum yield of 0.53 estimated from only eight typical reactive trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yu
- Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Applied Chemistry, and Center for Interdisciplinary Molecular Science, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
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8
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Zhu Y, Zhang W. Reversible tuning of pore size and CO2adsorption in azobenzene functionalized porous organic polymers. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc02305f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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9
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Duarte L, Fausto R, Reva I. Structural and spectroscopic characterization of E- and Z-isomers of azobenzene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:16919-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00240g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Yuan S, Shen Z, Zhang W, Dou Y, Lo GV. Thymine dimer splitting in the T<>T-G trinucleotide model system: a semiclassical dynamics and TD-DFT study. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 66:267-72. [PMID: 24589472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism leading to bond cleavage of a thymine-thymine cyclobutane dimer (T<>T) in a model system consisting of the dimer flanked by guanine trinucleotide was studied using semiclassical dynamics simulation. Pulsed laser excitation of the guanine molecule is found to cause electron transfer from the guanine molecule to the dimer, which then dissociates via sequential cleavage of the C5C5' and C6C6' bonds. Subsequently, electrons transfer back to the guanine molecule as the dimer splits into two monomers. The splitting of the cyclobutane dimer was found to be in the femtosecond time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, PR China
| | - Zhi Shen
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, PR China
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, PR China
| | - Yusheng Dou
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, PR China; Department of Physical Sciences, Nicholls State University, PO Box 2022, Thibodaux, LA 70310, USA.
| | - Glenn V Lo
- Department of Physical Sciences, Nicholls State University, PO Box 2022, Thibodaux, LA 70310, USA
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11
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Böckmann M, Braun S, Doltsinis NL, Marx D. Mimicking photoisomerisation of azo-materials by a force field switch derived from nonadiabatic ab initio simulations: Application to photoswitchable helical foldamers in solution. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:084108. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4818489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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12
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Yeung CL, Charlesworth S, Iqbal P, Bowen J, Preece JA, Mendes PM. Different formation kinetics and photoisomerization behavior of self-assembled monolayers of thiols and dithiolanes bearing azobenzene moieties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:11014-24. [PMID: 23712584 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp42104j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) containing azobenzene moieties are very attractive for a wide range of applications, including molecular electronics and photonics, bio-interface engineering and sensoring. However, very little is known about the aggregation and photoswitching behavior that azobenzene units undergo during the SAM formation process. Here, we demonstrate that the formation of thiol-based SAMs containing azobenzenes (denoted as AzoSH) on gold surfaces is characterised by a two-step adsorption kinetics, while a three-step assembly process has been identified for dithiolane-based SAMs containing azobenzenes (denoted AzoSS). The H-aggregation on the AzoSS SAMs was found to be remarkably dependent on the time of self-assembly, with less aggregation as a function of time. While photoisomerization of the AzoSH was suppressed for all different assembly times, the reversible trans-cis photoisomerization of AzoSS SAMs formed over 24 hours was clearly observed upon alternating UV and Vis light irradiation. We contend that detailed information on formation kinetics and related optical properties is of crucial importance for elucidating the photoswitching capabilities of azobenzene-based SAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun L Yeung
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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13
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Park J, Yuan D, Pham KT, Li JR, Yakovenko A, Zhou HC. Reversible Alteration of CO2 Adsorption upon Photochemical or Thermal Treatment in a Metal–Organic Framework. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 134:99-102. [DOI: 10.1021/ja209197f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhee Park
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Daqiang Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Khanh T. Pham
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Jian-Rong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Andrey Yakovenko
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Hong-Cai Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
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14
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Yuan S, Zhang W, Liu L, Dou Y, Fang W, Lo GV. Detailed mechanism for photoinduced cytosine dimerization: a semiclassical dynamics simulation. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:13291-7. [PMID: 21988470 DOI: 10.1021/jp207550a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Semiclassical dynamics simulation is used to study dimerization of two stacked cytosine molecules following excitation by ultrashort laser pulses (25 fs fwhm, Gaussian, 4.1 eV photon energy). The initial excited state was found to form an ultrashort exciton state, which eventually leads to the formation of an excimer state by charge transfer. When the interbase distance, defined as an average value of C(5)-C(5)' and C(6)-C(6)', becomes less than 3 Å, charge recombination occurs due to strong intermolecular interaction, eventually leading to an avoided crossing within 20-30 fs. Geometries at the avoided crossing, with average intermolecular distance of about 2.1 Å, are in accord with CASSCF/CASPT2 calculations. Results indicate that the C(2)-N(1)-C(6)-C(5) and C(2)'-N(1)'-C(6)'-C(5)' dihedral angles' bending vibrations play a significant role in the vibronic coupling between the HOMO and LUMO, which leads to a nonadiabatic transition to the electronic ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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15
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Abstract
Azobenzene undergoes trans→cis isomerization when irradiated with light tuned to an appropriate wavelength. The reverse cis→trans isomerization can be driven by light or occurs thermally in the dark. Azobenzene's photochromatic properties make it an ideal component of numerous molecular devices and functional materials. Despite the abundance of application-driven research, azobenzene photochemistry and the isomerization mechanism remain topics of investigation. Additional substituents on the azobenzene ring system change the spectroscopic properties and isomerization mechanism. This critical review details the studies completed to date on the 3 main classes of azobenzene derivatives. Understanding the differences in photochemistry, which originate from substitution, is imperative in exploiting azobenzene in the desired applications.
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Liu L, Yuan S, Fang WH, Zhang Y. Probing Highly Efficient Photoisomerization of a Bridged Azobenzene by a Combination of CASPT2//CASSCF Calculation with Semiclassical Dynamics Simulation. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:10027-34. [DOI: 10.1021/jp203704x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Liu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Castle Point on the Hudson, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
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17
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McCullagh M, Franco I, Ratner MA, Schatz GC. DNA-Based Optomechanical Molecular Motor. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:3452-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja109071a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin McCullagh
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Ignacio Franco
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Mark A. Ratner
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - George C. Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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18
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Yuan S, Wu W, Wei Z, Shu K, Tang H, Dou Y, Lo GV. A semiclassical dynamics study of the photoisomerization of methyl-substituted azobenzene. Mol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2010.520755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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