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Mó O, Montero-Campillo MM, Yáñez M, Alkorta I, Elguero J. Discovering trends in the Lewis acidity of beryllium and magnesium hydrides and fluorides with increasing clusters size. J Comput Chem 2024; 45:1702-1715. [PMID: 38567760 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
We have reported in the last years the strong effect that Be- and Mg-containing Lewis acids have on the intrinsic properties of typical bases, which become acids upon complexation. In an effort to investigate these changes when the Be and Mg derivatives form clusters of increasing size, we have examined the behavior of the (MX2)n (M = Be, Mg; X = H, F; n = 1, 2, 3) clusters when they interact with ammonia, methanimine, hydrogen cyanide and pyridine, and with their corresponding deprotonated forms. The complexes obtained at the M06-2X/aug-cc-pVTZ level were analyzed using the MBIE energy decomposition formalism, in parallel with QTAIM, ELF, NCIPLOT and AdNDP analyses of their electron density. For n = 1 the interaction enthalpy for the different families of monomers, Be (Mg) hydrides and Be (Mg) fluorides, follows the same trend as the intrinsic basicity of the base that interacts with them. This interaction is greatly reinforced after the deprotonation of the base, resulting in a significant enhancement of the intrinsic acidity of the corresponding MX2-Base complex. For (MX2)2 clusters a further reinforcement of the interaction with the base is observed, this reinforcement being again larger for the deprotonated complexes. However, the concomitant increase of their intrinsic acidity is one order of magnitude larger for hydrides than for fluorides. Unexpectedly, the cyclic conformers (MX2)3, which are more unstable than the linear ones, become the global minima after association with the base and the same is true for the deprotonated complex. Accordingly, a further increase of the intrinsic acidity of the (MX2)3-Base complexes with respect to the (MX2)2-Base ones is observed. This effect is maximum for (MgF2)3 clusters, to the point that the (MgF2)3-Base complexes become more acidic than nitric acid, the extreme case being the cluster (MgF2)3-NCH, whose acidity is higher than that of perchloric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otilia Mó
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Facultad de Ciencias, and Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Merced Montero-Campillo
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Facultad de Ciencias, and Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Yáñez
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Facultad de Ciencias, and Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica, IQM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica, IQM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Sutradhar D, Sarmah A, Hobza P, Chandra AK. Strong Be-N Interaction Induced Complementary Chemical Tuning to Design a Dual-gated Single Molecule Junction. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301473. [PMID: 37401206 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between pyridines and the π-hole of BeH2 leads to the formation of strong beryllium-bonded complexes. Theoretical investigations demonstrate that the Be-N bonding interaction can effectively regulate the electronic current through a molecular junction. The electronic conductance exhibits distinct switching behavior depending on the substituent groups at the para position of pyridine, highlighting the role of Be-N interaction as a potent chemical gate in the proposed device. The complexes exhibit short intermolecular distances ranging from 1.724 to 1.752 Å, emphasizing their strong binding. Detailed analysis of electronic rearrangements and geometric perturbations upon complex formation provides insights into the underlying reasons for the formation of such strong Be-N bonds, with bond strengths varying from -116.25 to -92.96 kJ/mol. Moreover, the influence of chemical substituents on the local electronic transmission of the beryllium-bonded complex offers valuable insights for the implementation of a secondary chemical gate in single-molecule devices. This study paves the way for the development of chemically gateable, functional single-molecule transistors, advancing the design and fabrication of multifunctional single-molecule devices in the nanoscale regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar Sutradhar
- School of Advanced Sciences and Languages, VIT Bhopal University, Bhopal, 466114, India
| | - Amrit Sarmah
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre for Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu, 1192/12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hobza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Asit K Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, India
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3
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Yáñez M, Ortíz-Chi F, Merino G, Alkorta I. Dismantlement of ammonia upon interaction with Be n (n ≤ 10) clusters. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:159-167. [PMID: 35297069 PMCID: PMC10078787 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of ammonia with Ben (n < 1-10) clusters has been investigated by density functional theory and ab initio calculations. The main conclusion is that, regardless of the size of the Be cluster, neither the structure of ammonia nor that of the Be clusters are preserved due to a systematic dissociation of its NH bonds and a spontaneous H-shift toward the available Be atoms. This H migration not only leads to rather stable BeH bonds, but dramatically enhances the strength of the BeN bonds as well. Accordingly, the maximum stability is found for the interaction with the beryllium trimer, leading to a complex with three NBe and three BeH bonds. Another maximum in stability, although lower than that reached for n = 3, is found for the Be heptamer, since from n = 6, a new NBe bond is formed, so that complexes from n = 6 to n = 10 are characterized by the formation of a NBe4 moiety, whose stability reaches a maximum at n = 7. The bonding characteristics of the different species formed are analyzed by means of AIM, NBO, ELF and AdNDP approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Yáñez
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Facultad de Ciencias and Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Filiberto Ortíz-Chi
- CONACYT-Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Centro de Investigación de Ciencia y Tecnología Aplicada de Tabasco, Cunduacán, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Merino
- Centro Investigación & Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Mérida, Dept. Física Aplicada, Merida, Mexico
| | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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4
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Beryllium ion coordination in Ammonia, methanol and water solvents. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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5
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Liu N, Wu Q, Li Q, Scheiner S. Promotion of TH 3 (T = Si and Ge) group transfer within a tetrel bond by a cation-π interaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:1113-1119. [PMID: 34927648 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05323j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The possibility of the transfer of the TH3 group across a tetrel bond is considered by ab initio calculations. The TB is constructed by pairing PhTH3 (Ph = phenyl; T = Si and Ge) with bases NH3, NHCH2, and the C3N2H4 carbene. The TH3 moves toward the base but only by a small amount in these dimers. However, when a Be2+ or Mg2+ dication is placed above the phenyl ring, the tetrel bond strength is greatly magnified reaching up to nearly 100 kcal mol-1. This dication also induces a much higher degree of transfer which can be best categorized as half-transfer for the two N-bases and a near complete transfer for the carbene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiaozhuo Wu
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingzhong Li
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-0300, USA.
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Wu Q, Xie X, Li Q, Scheiner S. Enhancement of tetrel bond involving tetrazole-TtR 3 (Tt = C, Si; R = H, F). Promotion of SiR 3 transfer by a triel bond. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:25895-25903. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04194d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The combination of a CR3 (R = H, F) with a tetrazole can result in a moderate carbon bond, which can be further strengthened by a triel bond. On the other hand, SiR3 group is half transferred between the two N atoms in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaozhuo Wu
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoying Xie
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, P. R. China
| | - Qingzhong Li
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, P. R. China
| | - Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-0300, USA
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Liu N, Xie X, Li Q, Scheiner S. Enhancement of the Tetrel Bond by the Effects of Substituents, Cooperativity, and Electric Field: Transition from Noncovalent to Covalent Bond. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:2305-2312. [PMID: 34436816 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The T⋅⋅⋅N tetrel bond (TB) formed between TX3 OH (T=C, Si, Ge; X=H, F) and the Lewis base N≡CM (M=H, Li, Na) is studied by ab initio calculations at the MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ level. Complexes involving TH3 OH contain a conventional TB with interaction energy less than 10 kcal/mol. This bond is substantially strengthened, approaching 35 kcal/mol and covalent character, when fluorosubstituted TF3 OH is combined with NCLi or NCNa. Along with this enhanced binding comes a near equalization of the TB T⋅⋅⋅N and the internal T-O bond lengths, and the associated structure acquires a trigonal bipyramidal shape, despite a high internal deformation energy. This structural transformation becomes more complete, and the TB is further strengthened upon adding an electron acceptor BeCl2 to the Lewis acid and a base to the NCM unit. This same TB strengthening can be accomplished also by imposition of an external electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Xiaoying Xie
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Qingzhong Li
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-0300, USA
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Mó O, Montero‐Campillo MM, Alkorta I, Elguero J, Yáñez M. Ternary Complexes Stabilized by Chalcogen and Alkaline‐Earth Bonds: Crucial Role of Cooperativity and Secondary Noncovalent Interactions. Chemistry 2019; 25:11688-11695. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Otilia Mó
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13 Facultad de Ciencias and Institute of, Advanced Chemical Sciences (IadChem) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - M. Merced Montero‐Campillo
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13 Facultad de Ciencias and Institute of, Advanced Chemical Sciences (IadChem) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica, IQM-CSIC Juan de la Cierva, 3 E-28006 Madrid Spain
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica, IQM-CSIC Juan de la Cierva, 3 E-28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Manuel Yáñez
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13 Facultad de Ciencias and Institute of, Advanced Chemical Sciences (IadChem) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
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Valadbeigi Y, Vianello R. A density functional theory study on the superacidity of sulfuric, fluorosulfuric, and triflic acid derivatives with two cyclopentadiene rings: ion pairs formation in the gas phase. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Younes Valadbeigi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceImam Khomeini International University Qazvin Iran
| | - Robert Vianello
- Computational Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Group, Division of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryRuđer Bošković Institute Zagreb Croatia
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10
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11
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Valadbeigi Y, Kurtén T. Clustering of H2SO4 with BX3 (X = H, F, Cl, Br, CN, OH) compounds creates strong acids and superacids. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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12
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Giba IS, Mulloyarova VV, Denisov GS, Tolstoy PM. Influence of Hydrogen Bonds in 1:1 Complexes of Phosphinic Acids with Substituted Pyridines on 1H and 31P NMR Chemical Shifts. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:2252-2260. [PMID: 30807160 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two series of 1:1 complexes with strong OHN hydrogen bonds formed by dimethylphosphinic and phenylphosphinic acids with 10 substituted pyridines were studied experimentally by liquid state NMR spectroscopy at 100 K in solution in a low-freezing polar aprotic solvent mixture CDF3/CDClF2. The hydrogen bond geometries were estimated using previously established correlations linking 1H NMR chemical shifts of bridging protons with the O···H and H···N interatomic distances. A new correlation is proposed allowing one to estimate the interatomic distance within the OHN bridge from the displacement of 31P NMR signal upon complexation. We show that the values of 31P NMR chemical shifts are affected by an additional CH···O hydrogen bond formed between the P═O group of the acid and ortho-CH proton of the substituted pyridines. Breaking of this bond in the case of 2,6-disubstituted bases shifts the 31P NMR signal by ca. 1.5 ppm to the high field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan S Giba
- Institute of Chemistry , St. Petersburg State University , Universitetskij pr. 26 , 198504 St. Petersburg , Russia.,Department of Physics , St. Petersburg State University , Ulyanovskaya 1 , 198504 St. Petersburg , Russia
| | - Valeria V Mulloyarova
- Institute of Chemistry , St. Petersburg State University , Universitetskij pr. 26 , 198504 St. Petersburg , Russia
| | - Gleb S Denisov
- Department of Physics , St. Petersburg State University , Ulyanovskaya 1 , 198504 St. Petersburg , Russia
| | - Peter M Tolstoy
- Institute of Chemistry , St. Petersburg State University , Universitetskij pr. 26 , 198504 St. Petersburg , Russia
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14
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Montero-Campillo MM, Brea O, Mó O, Alkorta I, Elguero J, Yáñez M. Modulating the intrinsic reactivity of molecules through non-covalent interactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:2222-2233. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06908e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-covalent interactions as tools for modifying molecular properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Merced Montero-Campillo
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Facultad de Ciencias and Institute of Advanced Chemical Sciences (IadChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC
- 28049-Madrid
- Spain
| | - Oriana Brea
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University
- Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Otilia Mó
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Facultad de Ciencias and Institute of Advanced Chemical Sciences (IadChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC
- 28049-Madrid
- Spain
| | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica, IQM-CSIC
- E-28006 Madrid
- Spain
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica, IQM-CSIC
- E-28006 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Manuel Yáñez
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Facultad de Ciencias and Institute of Advanced Chemical Sciences (IadChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC
- 28049-Madrid
- Spain
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Xu HL, Li QZ, Scheiner S. Effect of Magnesium Bond on the Competition Between Hydrogen and Halogen Bonds and the Induction of Proton and Halogen Transfer. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:1456-1464. [PMID: 29544030 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
HOX (X=Cl, Br, I, and At) can engage in either a H-bond (HB) or halogen bond (XB) with a base-like HCN, NH3 , and imidazole. Although the former is energetically preferred for X=Cl and Br, it is the XB that is more stable for At, with I showing little preference. MgY2 forms a Mg-bond with the O atom of HOX, which grows stronger in the order X=Cl<Br<I<At and Y=F<Cl<Br. When all three molecules are combined, both the Mg and the H/X bonds are cooperatively strengthened to a large degree. Rather than causing a reversal in the HB/XB competition, the Mg-bond acts primarily to amplify the natural preference within the dimer. The Mg-bond induces a certain degree of transfer from O to N of the bridging atom in the H/X bond. Comparison is also made with the effects of a Be-bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Li Xu
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Qing-Zhong Li
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322-0300, USA
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Montero-Campillo MM, Sanz P, Mó O, Yáñez M, Alkorta I, Elguero J. Alkaline-earth (Be, Mg and Ca) bonds at the origin of huge acidity enhancements. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:2413-2420. [PMID: 29308808 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07891a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between alkaline-earth derivatives with the general formula X2M (X = H, F and Cl; M = Be, Mg and Ca) and a set of Lewis bases, including first and second-row hydrides, namely YHn (Y = O, N, F, S, P and Cl) hydrides, as well as other typical cyclic organic bases, such as aniline, 1H-1,2,3-triazole, 1H-tetrazole and phenylphosphine, was investigated using the G4 ab initio composite method. Contrary to what was expected, it was found that the interactions involving Mg and Ca derivatives were not necessarily weaker than those between beryllium bonds. The origin is two-fold: larger deformation of the interacting systems when Be-derivatives are involved and appearance of secondary non-covalent interactions in the formation of some of the Mg- and Ca-containing complexes. Hence, the dissociation of the latter complexes may require higher enthalpies than that of the Be complexes. These deformations are triggered by a significant redistribution of electron density of the two interacting moieties, which also result in dramatic changes in the reactivity of the interacting compounds and in particular in the intrinsic basicity of the Lewis bases investigated, to the point that conventional bases, such as ammonia or aniline, upon complexation with MCl2 (M = Be, Mg and Ca), become stronger Brønsted acids than phosphoric acid, whereas other bases, such as 1H-tetrazole, become stronger acids than perchloric acid.
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Zhao XF, Li JJ, Li HR, Yuan C, Tian X, Li SD, Wu YB, Guo JC, Wang ZX. Viable aromatic BenHn stars enclosing a planar hypercoordinate boron or late transition metal. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:7217-7222. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06955c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Similar to Bn rings, star-like BenHn rings can serve as the n-electron σ-donors for designing species with planar hypercoordinate atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Feng Zhao
- The Key Lab of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Jia Li
- The Key Lab of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Ru Li
- The Key Lab of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Caixia Yuan
- The Key Lab of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Tian
- The Key Lab of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Dian Li
- The Key Lab of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Bo Wu
- The Key Lab of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Chang Guo
- The Key Lab of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- People's Republic of China
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Bauzá A, Frontera A. On the Importance of π-Hole Beryllium Bonds: Theoretical Study and Biological Implications. Chemistry 2017; 23:5375-5380. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Bauzá
- Department of Chemistry; Universitat de les Illes Balears; Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5 07122 Palma de Mallorca Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry; Universitat de les Illes Balears; Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5 07122 Palma de Mallorca Spain
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20
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Modulating the strength of tetrel bonding through beryllium bonding. J Mol Model 2016; 22:192. [PMID: 27464738 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-016-3060-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Quantum chemical calculations were performed to investigate the stability of the ternary complexes BeH2···XMH3···NH3 (X = F, Cl, and Br; M = C, Si, and Ge) and the corresponding binary complexes at the atomic level. Our results reveal that the stability of the XMH3···BeH2 complexes is mainly due to both a strong beryllium bond and a weak tetrel-hydride interaction, while the XMH3···NH3 complexes are stabilized by a tetrel bond. The beryllium bond with a halogen atom as the electron donor has many features in common with a beryllium bond with an O or N atom as the electron donor, although they do exhibit some different characteristics. The stability of the XMH3···NH3 complex is dominated by the electrostatic interaction, while the orbital interaction also makes an important contribution. Interestingly, as the identities of the X and M atoms are varied, the strength of the tetrel bond fluctuates in an irregular manner, which can explained by changes in electrostatic potentials and orbital interactions. In the ternary systems, both the beryllium bond and the tetrel bond are enhanced, which is mainly ascribed to increased electrostatic potentials on the corresponding atoms and charge transfer. In particular, when compared to the strengths of the tetrel and beryllium bonds in the binary systems, in the ternary systems the tetrel bond is enhanced to a greater degree than the beryllium bond. Graphical Abstract A tetrel bond can be strengthened greatly by a beryllium bond.
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Brea O, Alkorta I, Mó O, Yáñez M, Elguero J, Corral I. Exergonic and Spontaneous Production of Radicals through Beryllium Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201603690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Brea
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Módulo 13, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco; 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC).; C/ Juan de la Cierva, 3 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Otilia Mó
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Módulo 13, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco; 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Manuel Yáñez
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Módulo 13, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco; 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC).; C/ Juan de la Cierva, 3 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Inés Corral
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Módulo 13, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco; 28049 Madrid Spain
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Brea O, Alkorta I, Mó O, Yáñez M, Elguero J, Corral I. Exergonic and Spontaneous Production of Radicals through Beryllium Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:8736-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201603690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Brea
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Módulo 13, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco; 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC).; C/ Juan de la Cierva, 3 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Otilia Mó
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Módulo 13, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco; 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Manuel Yáñez
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Módulo 13, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco; 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC).; C/ Juan de la Cierva, 3 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Inés Corral
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Módulo 13, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco; 28049 Madrid Spain
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Marín-Luna M, Alkorta I, Elguero J. Interaction of beryllium derivatives with N-methylated DNA bases: 9-methylguanine and 1-methylcytosine. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Marín-Luna M, Alkorta I, Elguero J, Mó O, Yáñez M. Fullerene and corannulene derivatives acting as insulators of Cl−and BeH2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:6059-68. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp08046k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Corannulene and its benzo-derivatives CxH10(x= 20–60) as prototypes of non-planar π-aromatic systems have been studied as insulators of BeH2and Cl−.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC)
- E-28006 Madrid
- Spain
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC)
- E-28006 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Otilia Mó
- Departamento de Química
- Módulo 13
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- E-28049 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Manuel Yáñez
- Departamento de Química
- Módulo 13
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- E-28049 Madrid
- Spain
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Brea O, Mó O, Yáñez M. Ga(+) Basicity and Affinity Scales Based on High-Level Ab Initio Calculations. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:3206-13. [PMID: 26269224 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The structure, relative stability and bonding of complexes formed by the interaction between Ga(+) and a large set of compounds, including hydrocarbons, aromatic systems, and oxygen-, nitrogen-, fluorine and sulfur-containing Lewis bases have been investigated through the use of the high-level composite ab initio Gaussian-4 theory. This allowed us to establish rather accurate Ga(+) cation affinity (GaCA) and Ga(+) cation basicity (GaCB) scales. The bonding analysis of the complexes under scrutiny shows that, even though one of the main ingredients of the Ga(+) -base interaction is electrostatic, it exhibits a non-negligible covalent character triggered by the presence of the low-lying empty 4p orbital of Ga(+) , which favors a charge donation from occupied orbitals of the base to the metal ion. This partial covalent character, also observed in AlCA scales, is behind the dissimilarities observed when GaCA are compared with Li(+) cation affinities, where these covalent contributions are practically nonexistent. Quite unexpectedly, there are some dissimilarities between several Ga(+) -complexes and the corresponding Al(+) -analogues, mainly affecting the relative stability of π-complexes involving aromatic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Brea
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain), Fax
| | - Otilia Mó
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain), Fax
| | - Manuel Yáñez
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain), Fax.
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Brea O, Mó O, Yáñez M, Alkorta I, Elguero J. Creating σ-Holes through the Formation of Beryllium Bonds. Chemistry 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Villanueva EF, Mó O, Yáñez M. On the existence and characteristics of π-beryllium bonds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 16:17531-6. [PMID: 25026560 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01992j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The existence of π-beryllium bonds explains the stability of the complexes between ethylene and acetylene and BeX2 (X = H, F, and Cl) derivatives. These linkers involve a significant charge transfer from the π(CC) bonding orbitals into the empty p orbitals of Be and to a much smaller degree into the σ(BeH)* antibonding orbitals. The significant deformation of the BeX2 moiety and the slight deformation of the unsaturated hydrocarbon result in distortion energies as high as the dissociation energy of the complex. The π-beryllium bonds are about four times stronger than conventional π-hydrogen bonds and even stronger than the strongest π-hydrogen bond reported to date in the literature. The topology of their electron density is characterized as being very flat in the bonding region between the π-system and Be, which leads to topologically unstable structures close to catastrophe points. Among the functionals considered in our study M06 is the one that leads to values in better agreement with CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ calculations used as a reference. B3LYP underestimates some interactions, whereas M06-2X overestimates all of them. MP2 also yields good agreement with the CCSD(T) method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Fernández Villanueva
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Montero-Campillo MM, Yáñez M, Lamsabhi AM, Mó O. Spontaneous H2Loss through the Interaction of Squaric Acid Derivatives and BeH2. Chemistry 2014; 20:5309-16. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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