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Phan Dang CT, Tam NM, Huynh TN, Trung NT. Revisiting conventional noncovalent interactions towards a complete understanding: from tetrel to pnicogen, chalcogen, and halogen bond. RSC Adv 2023; 13:31507-31517. [PMID: 37901266 PMCID: PMC10606978 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06078k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Typical noncovalent interactions, including tetrel (TtB), pnicogen (PniB), chalcogen (ChalB), and halogen bonds (HalB), were systematically re-investigated by modeling the N⋯Z interactions (Z = Si, P, S, Cl) between NH3 - as a nucleophilic, and SiF4, PF3, SF2, and ClF - as electrophilic components, employing highly reliable ab initio methods. The characteristics of N⋯Z interactions when Z goes from Si to Cl, were examined through their changes in stability, vibrational spectroscopy, electron density, and natural orbital analyses. The binding energies of these complexes at CCSD(T)/CBS indicate that NH3 tends to hold tightly most with ClF (-34.7 kJ mol-1) and SiF4 (-23.7 kJ mol-1) to form N⋯Cl HalB and N⋯Si TtB, respectively. Remarkably, the interaction energies obtained from various approaches imply that the strength of these noncovalent interactions follows the order: N⋯Si TtB > N⋯Cl HalB > N⋯S ChalB > N⋯P PniB, that differs the order of their corresponding complex stability. The conventional N⋯Z noncovalent interactions are characterized by the local vibrational frequencies of 351, 126, 167, and 261 cm-1 for TtB, PniB, ChalB, and HalB, respectively. The SAPT2+(3)dMP2 calculations demonstrate that the primary force controlling their strength retains the electrostatic term. Accompanied by the stronger strength of N⋯Si TtB and N⋯Cl HalB, the AIM and NBO results state that they are partly covalent in nature with amounts of 18.57% and 27.53%, respectively. Among various analysis approaches, the force constant of the local N⋯Z stretching vibration is shown to be most accurate in describing the noncovalent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cam-Tu Phan Dang
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University Da Nang 550000 Vietnam
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University Da Nang 550000 Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Minh Tam
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Phan Thiet 225 Nguyen Thong Phan Thiet City Binh Thuan Vietnam
| | - Thanh-Nam Huynh
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344 Germany
| | - Nguyen Tien Trung
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Modelling (LCCM), Quy Nhon University Quy Nhon City 590000 Vietnam
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2
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External Electric Field Effect on the Strength of σ-Hole Interactions: A Theoretical Perspective in Like⋯Like Carbon-Containing Complexes. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092963. [PMID: 35566307 PMCID: PMC9104924 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, σ-hole interactions within like⋯like carbon-containing complexes were investigated, in both the absence and presence of the external electric field (EEF). The effects of the directionality and strength of the utilized EEF were thoroughly unveiled in the (F-C-F3)2, (F-C-H3)2, and (H-C-F3)2 complexes. In the absence of the EEF, favorable interaction energies, with negative values, are denoted for the (F-C-F3)2 and (H-C-F3)2 complexes, whereas the (F-C-H3)2 complex exhibits unfavorable interactions. Remarkably, the strength of the applied EEF exhibits a prominent role in turning the repulsive forces within the latter complex into attractive ones. The symmetrical nature of the considered like⋯like carbon-containing complexes eradicated the effect of directionality of the EEF. The quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), and the noncovalent interaction (NCI) index, ensured the occurrence of the attractive forces, and also outlined the substantial contributions of the three coplanar atoms to the total strength of the studied complexes. Symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) results show the dispersion-driven nature of the interactions.
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3
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Ibrahim MAA, Moussa NAM, Saad SMA, Ahmed MN, Shawky AM, Soliman MES, Mekhemer GAH, Rady ASSM. σ-Hole and LP-Hole Interactions of Pnicogen···Pnicogen Homodimers under the External Electric Field Effect: A Quantum Mechanical Study. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:11264-11275. [PMID: 35415328 PMCID: PMC8992284 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
σ-Hole and lone-pair (lp)-hole interactions within σ-hole···σ-hole, σ-hole···lp-hole, and lp-hole···lp-hole configurations were comparatively investigated on the pnicogen···pnicogen homodimers (PCl3)2, for the first time, under field-free conditions and the influence of the external electric field (EEF). The electrostatic potential calculations emphasized the impressive versatility of the examined PCl3 monomers to participate in σ-hole and lp-hole pnicogen interactions. Crucially, the sizes of σ-hole and lp-hole were enlarged under the influence of the positively directed EEF and decreased in the case of reverse direction. Interestingly, the energetic quantities unveiled more favorability of the σ-hole···lp-hole configuration of the pnicogen···pnicogen homodimers, with significant negative interaction energies, than σ-hole···σ-hole and lp-hole···lp-hole configurations. Quantum theory of atoms in molecules and noncovalent interaction index analyses were adopted to elucidate the nature and origin of the considered interactions, ensuring their closed shell nature and the occurrence of attractive forces within the studied homodimers. Symmetry-adapted perturbation theory-based energy decomposition analysis alluded to the dispersion force as the main physical component beyond the occurrence of the examined interactions. The obtained findings would be considered as a fundamental underpinning for forthcoming studies pertinent to chemistry, materials science, and crystal engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A. A. Ibrahim
- Computational
Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Nayra A. M. Moussa
- Computational
Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Sherif M. A. Saad
- Computational
Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Naeem Ahmed
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Azad Jammu
and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad 13100, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed M. Shawky
- Science
and Technology Unit (STU), Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud E. S. Soliman
- Molecular
Modelling and Drug Design Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Gamal A. H. Mekhemer
- Computational
Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Al-shimaa S. M. Rady
- Computational
Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
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Ibrahim MAA, Mohamed YAM, Abuelliel HAA, Rady ASM, Soliman MES, Ahmed MN, Mohamed LA, Moussa NAM. σ‐Hole Interactions of Tetrahedral Group IV–VIII Lewis Acid Centers with Lewis Bases: A Comparative Study. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A. A. Ibrahim
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory Chemistry Department Faculty of Science Minia University Minia 61519 Egypt
| | - Yasmeen A. M. Mohamed
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory Chemistry Department Faculty of Science Minia University Minia 61519 Egypt
| | - Hassan A. A. Abuelliel
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory Chemistry Department Faculty of Science Minia University Minia 61519 Egypt
| | - Al‐shimaa S. M. Rady
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory Chemistry Department Faculty of Science Minia University Minia 61519 Egypt
| | - Mahmoud E. S. Soliman
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Lab School of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville, Durban 4000 South Africa
| | - Muhammad Naeem Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Muzaffarabad 13100 Pakistan
| | - Lamiaa A. Mohamed
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory Chemistry Department Faculty of Science Minia University Minia 61519 Egypt
| | - Nayra A. M. Moussa
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory Chemistry Department Faculty of Science Minia University Minia 61519 Egypt
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Ibrahim MAA, Kamel AAK, Soliman MES, Moustafa MF, El-Mageed HRA, Taha F, Mohamed LA, Moussa NAM. Effect of External Electric Field on Tetrel Bonding Interactions in (FTF 3···FH) Complexes (T = C, Si, Ge, and Sn). ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:25476-25485. [PMID: 34632205 PMCID: PMC8495869 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A quantum chemical study was accomplished on the σ-hole interactions of the barely explored group IV elements, for the first time, in the absence and presence of the positively and negatively directed external electric field (EEF). The analyses of molecular electrostatic potential addressed the occurrence of the σ-hole on all the inspected tetrel atoms, confirming their salient versatility to engage in σ-hole interactions. MP2 energetic findings disclosed the occurrence of favorable σ-hole interactions within the tetrel bonding complexes. The tetrel bonding interactions became stronger in the order of C < Si < Ge < Sn for F-T-F3···FH complexes with the largest interaction energy amounting to -19.43 kcal/mol for the optimized F-Sn-F3···FH complex under the influence of +0.020 au EEF. The interaction energy conspicuously evolved by boosting the magnitude of the positively directed EEF value and declining the negatively directed EEF one. The decomposition analysis for the interaction energies was also executed in terms of symmetry-adapted perturbation theory, illuminating the dominant electrostatic contribution to all the studied complexes' interactions except carbon-based interactions controlled by dispersion forces. The outcomes that emerged from the current work reported significantly how the direction and strength of the EEF affect the tetrel-bonding interactions, leading to further improvements in the forthcoming studies of supramolecular chemistry and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A. A. Ibrahim
- Computational
Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Afnan A. K. Kamel
- Computational
Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud E. S. Soliman
- Molecular
Bio-computation and Drug Design Lab, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud F. Moustafa
- Department
of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid
University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Botany & Microbiology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - H. R. Abd El-Mageed
- Micro-Analysis,
Environmental Research and Community Affairs Center (MAESC), Faculty
of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Fouad Taha
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa A. Mohamed
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Nayra A. M. Moussa
- Computational
Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
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6
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Ibrahim MAA, Saad SMA, Al-Fahemi JH, Mekhemer GAH, Ahmed SA, Shawky AM, Moussa NAM. External electric field effects on the σ-hole and lone-pair hole interactions of group V elements: a comparative investigation. RSC Adv 2021; 11:4022-4034. [PMID: 35424345 PMCID: PMC8694126 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09765a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
σ-hole and lone-pair (lp) hole interactions of trivalent pnicogen-bearing (ZF3) compounds were comparatively scrutinized, for the first time, under field-free and external electric field (EEF) conditions. Conspicuously, the sizes of the σ-hole and lp-hole were increased by applying an EEF along the positive direction, while the sizes of both holes decreased through the reverse EEF direction. The MP2 energetic calculations of ZF3⋯FH/NCH complexes revealed that σ-holes exhibited more impressive interaction energies compared to the lp-holes. Remarkably, the strengths of σ-hole and lp-hole interactions evolved with the increment of the positive value of the considered EEF; i.e., the interaction energy increased as the utilized EEF value increased. Unexpectedly, under field-free conditions, nitrogen-bearing complexes showed superior strength for their lp-hole interactions than phosphorus-bearing complexes. However, the reverse picture was exhibited for the interaction energies of nitrogen- and phosphorus-bearing complexes interacting within lp-holes by applying the high values of a positively directed EEF. These results significantly demonstrate the crucial influence of EEF on the strength of σ-hole and lp-hole interactions, which in turn leads to an omnipresent enhancement for variable fields, including biological simulations and material science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A A Ibrahim
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University Minia 61519 Egypt
| | - Sherif M A Saad
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University Minia 61519 Egypt
| | - Jabir H Al-Fahemi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal A H Mekhemer
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University Minia 61519 Egypt
| | - Saleh A Ahmed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University Assiut 71516 Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Shawky
- Science and Technology Unit (STU), Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
- Central Laboratory for Micro-analysis, Minia University Minia 61519 Egypt
| | - Nayra A M Moussa
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University Minia 61519 Egypt
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Sutradhar D, Bhattarai S, Parveen S, Chandra AK. Comparison between Chlorine-Shared and π-Halogen Bonds Involving Substituted Phosphabenzene and ClF Molecules. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:24095-24105. [PMID: 32984731 PMCID: PMC7513335 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ab initio MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ calculations have been carried out in order to study the nature of P···Cl halogen bonding interaction between a phosphorus atom in an aromatic ring in para-substituted phosphabenzene (PPBZ) and ClF molecule. The interaction of PPBZ with ClF results in two different types of complexes: (i) complex formation through the chlorine-shared halogen bond (T1-X-PPBZ·ClF) and (ii) complex formation via halogen-π interaction (T2-X-PPBZ·ClF). T1-X-PPBZ·ClF complexes are found to be more stable than the T2-X-PPBZ·ClF complexes. This work also presents a general criterion to distinguish a chlorine-shared halogen bond from a traditional halogen bond and sheds light on the formation of the chlorine-shared halogen bond. The binding energy of T1-X-PPBZ·ClF complexes correlates well with the negative electrostatic potential of the P atom and PA value of the substituted PPBZ. The properties of both T1-X-PPBZ·ClF and T2-X-PPBZ·ClF complexes are analyzed using atom-in-molecule, natural bond orbital, and symmetry-adapted perturbation theory calculations. The variation of the Cl-F bond distances and the redshifts of the ν(ClF) vibration resulting from the interaction with PPBZs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar Sutradhar
- Solid
State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian
Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Sumitra Bhattarai
- Department
of Chemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India
| | - Salma Parveen
- Department
of Chemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India
| | - Asit K. Chandra
- Department
of Chemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India
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8
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Wang Y, Su P. Why Can Cationic Halogen Bond Donors Activate the Ritter-Type Solvolysis of Benzhydryl Bromide but Cationic Hydrogen Bond Donors Can Not? ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:21862-21872. [PMID: 32905280 PMCID: PMC7469379 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
It is found by experiment that the cationic halogen bond donors (cationic iodoimidazolium compounds) can activate the Ritter-type solvolysis of benzhydryl bromide, while the cationic hydrogen bond donors (cationic imidazolium compounds) could not. To understand the activation mechanism, various noncovalent interactions between benzhydryl bromide and a series of activators in solution, including halogen bond, hydrogen bond, lone pair···π/π+, and C-H···π/π+, were explored theoretically. Our study revealed that the activation difference can be contributed by the variation of the noncovalent interactions. For halogen bond donors, the successful activation is attributed by halogen bond and lone pair···π. The halogen bonds mainly provide the stabilization energy of the ion-pair complex with the help of lone pair···π. For hydrogen-bond donors, the contribution of the hydrogen bond is unable to compensate the like-charge repulsion arising from the generation of the carbocation, leading to the unsuccessful activation. In general, lone pair···π makes a difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory
of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Peifeng Su
- The State Key Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory
of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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Zhou F, Liu Y, Wang Z, Lu T, Yang Q, Liu Y, Zheng B. A new type of halogen bond involving multivalent astatine: an ab initio study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:15310-15318. [PMID: 31241070 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02406a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical studies on the dimers formed by CO with the halides of multivalent astatine as a Lewis-acid center are carried out to examine the typical characteristics of supervalent halogen bonds. Calculations at the MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ level reveal that the multiple nucleophilic sites of multivalent halide monomers can promote the formation of various types of halogen bonds, among which the most stable ones are At-halogen bond complexes with multivalent astatine as a Lewis acid center, followed by the π-halogen bond dimers, and the weakest ones are the X-halogen bonds. Compared with multivalent Cl-, Br-, and I-centers, At, as the heaviest halogen, exhibits the highest halogen-bond donating ability. We found that the electrostatic term and the dispersion term play an important role in the overall attractive interaction energy, and the smallest attraction term for all complexes is the polarization term (ΔEpol). Moreover, the tri and pentavalent halides analyzed here possess very "flexible" tautomerism in which the transformation occurs during the formation of the dimers. AIM theory and NBO analysis are also employed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecular, Ministry of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China. and Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China and Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecular, Ministry of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China. and Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China
| | - Zhaoxu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecular, Ministry of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China. and Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China
| | - Tian Lu
- Beijing Kein Research Center for Natural Sciences, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Qingyuan Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecular, Ministry of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China.
| | - Baishu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecular, Ministry of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China.
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Shen D, Su P, Wu W. What kind of neutral halogen bonds can be modulated by solvent effects? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:26126-26139. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05358h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Halogen bonds with a large portion of polarization can be modulated by solvent effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
- China
| | - Peifeng Su
- The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
- China
| | - Wei Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
- China
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Del Bene JE, Alkorta I, Elguero J. Halogen Bonding Involving CO and CS with Carbon as the Electron Donor. Molecules 2017; 22:E1955. [PMID: 29137153 PMCID: PMC6150174 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MP2/aug'-cc-pVTZ calculations have been carried out to investigate the halogen-bonded complexes formed when CO and CS act as electron-pair donors through C to ClF, ClNC, ClCl, ClOH, ClCN, ClCCH, and ClNH₂. CO forms only complexes stabilized by traditional halogen bonds, and all ClY molecules form traditional halogen-bonded complexes with SC, except ClF which forms only an ion-pair complex. Ion-pair complexes are also found on the SC:ClNC and SC:ClCl surfaces. SC:ClY complexes stabilized by traditional halogen bonds have greater binding energies than the corresponding OC:ClY complexes. The largest binding energies are found for the ion-pair SC-Cl⁺:-Y complexes. The transition structures which connect the complex and the ion pair on SC:ClNC and SC:ClCl potential surfaces provide the barriers for inter-converting these structures. Charge-transfer from the lone pair on C to the σ-hole on Cl is the primary charge-transfer interaction stabilizing OC:ClY and SC:ClY complexes with traditional halogen bonds. A secondary charge-transfer occurs from the lone pairs on Cl to the in-plane and out-of-plane π antibonding orbitals of ClY. This secondary interaction assumes increased importance in the SC:ClNH₂ complex, and is a factor leading to its unusual structure. C-O and C-S stretching frequencies and 13C chemical shieldings increase upon complex formation with ClY molecules. These two spectroscopic properties clearly differentiate between SC:ClY complexes and SC-Cl⁺:-Y ion pairs. Spin-spin coupling constants 1xJ(C-Cl) for OC:ClY complexes increase with decreasing distance. As a function of the C-Cl distance, 1xJ(C-Cl) and ¹J(C-Cl) provide a fingerprint of the evolution of the halogen bond from a traditional halogen bond in the complexes, to a chlorine-shared halogen bond in the transition structures, to a covalent bond in the ion pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet E Del Bene
- Department of Chemistry, Youngstown State University, Youngstown, OH 44555, USA.
| | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Chalanchi SM, Alkorta I, Elguero J, Quiñonero D. Hydrogen Bond versus Halogen Bond in Cation-Cation Complexes: Effect of the Solvent. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:3462-3468. [PMID: 28881408 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Competition between hydrogen- (HB) and halogen-bonded (XB) 4-ammoniumpyridine and halogenammonium (NHn F3-n X+ ; n=0-3; X=F, Cl, Br, and I) cation-cation complexes are explored by means of DFT calculations. HB and XB minima structures are found for all systems in the gas phase. As the number of fluorine atoms increases, the HB complexes are more favored than those of XB. Proton transfer is generally observed in complexes with two, three, or four halogen atoms. The XB complexes evolve from traditional halogen bonds, to halogen-shared complexes, and to ionic complexes as the number of fluorine atoms increases. The dissociation transition states and their corresponding barriers are also characterized; the barriers increase as the number of fluorine atoms increases. The results if solvent effects are considered indicate that, even in an apolar solvent, such as n-hexane, most of the complexes have favorable binding energies. Atoms-in-molecules theory is used to analyze the complexes, and results in good correlations between electron density and total electron energy density (Η) values with the intermolecular bond length. According to the Η values obtained, the covalency of these interactions starts to manifest at distances around 72-74 % the sum of the van der Waals radii of the interacting atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006-, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006-, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Quiñonero
- Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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