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Hainsworth S, Kučerová I, Sharma R, Cañete-Gibas CF, Hubka V. Three-gene phylogeny of the genus Arthroderma: Basis for future taxonomic studies. Med Mycol 2020; 59:355-365. [PMID: 32640011 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaa057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Arthroderma is the most diverse genus among dermatophytes encompassing species occurring in soil, caves, animal burrows, clinical material and other environments. In this study, we collected ex-type, reference and authentic strains of all currently accepted Arthroderma species and generated sequences of three highly variable loci (ITS rDNA, β-tubulin, and translation elongation factor 1-α). The number of accepted species was expanded to 27. One novel species, A. melbournense (ex-type strain CCF 6162T = CBS 145858T), is described. This species was isolated from toenail dust collected by a podiatrist in Melbourne, during an epidemiological study of four geographical regions of Eastern Australia. Trichophyton terrestre, Chrysosporium magnisporum, and Chrysosporium oceanitis are transferred to Arthroderma. Typification is provided for T. terrestre that is not conspecific with any of the supposed biological species from the former T. terrestre complex, that is, A. insingulare, A. lenticulare and A. quadrifidum. A multi-gene phylogeny and reference sequences provided in this study should serve as a basis for future phylogenetic studies and facilitate species identification in practice. LAY ABSTRACT The genus Arthroderma encompasses geophilic dermatophyte species that infrequently cause human and animal superficial infections. Reference sequences from three genetic loci were generated for all currently accepted Arthroderma species and phylogeny was constructed. Several taxonomic novelties are introduced. The newly provided data will facilitate species identification and future taxonomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivana Kučerová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rahul Sharma
- Department of Botany, Mata Gujri Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Connie F Cañete-Gibas
- Fungus Testing Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States
| | - Vit Hubka
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Bojanovsky A, Müller H, Freigang K. Zum Vorkommen von Dermatophyten und anderen keratinophilen Pilzen auf Kinderspielplätzen. Mycoses 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.1979.tb01733.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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BALABANOFF VVA. Systematik der Dermatophyten unter Berücksichtigurig der Bodenarten mit geschlechtlicher Sporenbildung. Mycoses 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.1963.tb02323.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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BALOGH E. Abortive Cleistothecium-Bildung in primären Kulturen des Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. granulosum. Mycoses 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.1963.tb02327.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Abstract
A total of 500 combs of adult chickens from two different locations in Germany (Hessen and Schleswig-Holstein) were clinically and mycologically examined. The chickens came from three battery cages (n = 79), one voliere system (n=32), six flocks maintained on deep litter (n = 69) and 12 flocks kept on free outdoor range (n=320). Twenty-two of the 500 chicken combs (4.4%) were found to have clinical signs: only non-specific lesions neither typical of mycosis nor of avian pox such as desquamation with crust formation, yellow to brown or black dyschromic changes, alopecia in the surrounding area and moist inflammation. Only seven of the 22 clinically altered combs showed a positive mycological result; the non-pathogenic and geophilic Trichophyton terrestre in one case and non-pathogenic yeast in six cases. The following fungi were seen in the different housing systems: 13 dermatophytes (2.6% of 500 samples): 12 x T. terrestre, 1 x Trichophyton mentagrophytes, 11 isolates of Chrysosporium georgiae (2.2% of 500 samples) and 149 isolates of yeasts (29.8%): Malassezia sympodialis: n = 52, Kloeckera apiculata: n = 33, Trichosporon capitatum (syn. Geotrichum capitatum): n = 23, Trichosporon cutaneum/Trichosporon mucoides: n = 12, Trichosporon inkin (syn. Sarcinosporon inkin): n = 8 and Candida spp.: n = 21, including pathogenic or possibly pathogenic species: Candida albicans: n = 3, Candida famata: n = 4, Candida guilliermondii: n = 3, Candida lipolytica: n = 3, Candida dattila: n = 2 and one isolate each of Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, Candida aaseri, Candida catenulata sive brumpti, Candida fructus and Candida kefyr sive pseudotropicalis. There is no stringent correlation between the clinical symptoms diagnosed on the chicken combs and the species of yeasts isolated. The causative agent of favus in chickens, Trichophyton gallinae, and the saprophytic yeast in pigeons, Cr. neoformans were not isolated. The most frequently isolated yeasts M. sympodialis and Kloeckera apiculata are suggested to be classified as members of the resident flora of the chicken comb.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gründer
- Department of Dermatology and Andrology, Justus Leibig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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STOCKDALE PM. Occurrence of Microsporum gypseum, Keratinomyces ajelloi and Trichophyton terrestre in some British Soils. Nature 2000; 182:1754. [PMID: 13622651 DOI: 10.1038/1821754a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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RANDHAWA HS, SANDHU RS. ON THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF TRICHOPHYTON IN INDIAN SOILS. Mycopathologia 1996; 20:225-52. [PMID: 14087001 DOI: 10.1007/bf02089211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
Two hundred and thirty soil samples from different localities were examined for the presence of geophilic keratinophilic fungi. Six species namely Microsporum gypseum--34 isolates, Chrysosporium keratinophilum--29, C. tropicum--20, Keratinophyton terreum--4, Trichophyton terrestre--8 and Chrysosporium species--3--were isolated. Most of these fungi were recovered from garden, field and river bank soil. The importance of these findings is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Soon
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur
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Abstract
The frequency of occurrence of fungi in 120 claw samples of buffalo and cow from different localities at Assiut governorate was determined. Thirty-seven species which belong to twenty genera were collected from the two substrates and the most common genera were Chrysosporium (eleven species of Chrysosporium were isolated). Aspergillus and Scopulariopsis. From the preceding genera Chrysosporium sulfureum was common on cow claws but C. merdarium was slightly dominant on buffalo claws than on cow claws. Aspergillus flavus and A. niger were dominant on buffalo claws, but Scopulariopsis brevicaulis was prevalent on cow claws. Also other dermatophytes were isolated such as Trichophyton terrestre, T. rubrum, Histoplasma capsulatum, Phialophora gougerotii and Microsporum distortum.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Abdel-Gawad
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Egypt
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Aho R, Padhye AA, Ajello L. Mycological and epidemiological studies on trichophyton terrestre in cats. MYKOSEN 1987; 30:157-65. [PMID: 3587278 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.1987.tb03962.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Chabasse D, Bouchara JP, De Bievre C. [Demonstrated significance of fungal flora in sand-boxes]. Mycopathologia 1985; 90:3-13. [PMID: 4000243 DOI: 10.1007/bf00437265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the risk of fungal contamination in sand-boxes of the city of Angers' game areas, the authors took 100 samples of sand from different environments: parks, gardens, buildings, nursery schools. They report the presence of a varied and important mycoflora and that the frequency and the distribution are more sensitive to the techniques used to isolate the fungus, as well as to the quality of the sand and to the eco-mesological factors in the four studied areas. The examination of earth samples has allowed the findings of a great number of keratinophilie species. The strains living in the sand do not represent a real danger of infection for the children.
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Abstract
The presence of keratinophilic fungi was revealed by sampling the air of Pavia (Italy) from March 1981 to February 1982. The species isolated were: Chrysosporium indicum , Geomyces pannorum var. pannorum , Microsporum gypseum, Myceliophtora vellerea and Trichophyton terrestre . Several filamentous fungi tolerating high levels of cycloheximide were also recovered.
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Farley JF, Jersild RA, Niederpruem DJ. Origin and ultrastructure of intra-hyphal hyphae in Trichophyton terrestre and T. rubrum. Arch Microbiol 1975; 106:195-200. [PMID: 1217936 DOI: 10.1007/bf00446523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A cell observation chamber was designed to perform continuous photomicroscopic observations of hyphal anastomosis and the origin of intra-hyphal hyphae in Trichophyton terrestre and T. rubrum. These data were correlated with ultrastructural features of intra-hyphal hyphae. Hyphal fusions occurred commonly in either species of Trichophyton when incubated alone. In T. terrestre, empty phyphal segments adjoined by live units were invaded at the septa from both directions by new hyphal ingrowth. Continuous observations revealed that the intra-hyphal hyphae subsequently anastomosed via a lateral fusion peg. Similar intra-hyphal hyphae were shown in T. rubrum. Electron microscopic studies revealed ascomycetous septa in both conventional hyphae and intra-hyphal hyphae. For the latter, the cytoplasm and wall of the inner hypha were bounded by cytoplasmic organelles and another cell wall of the outer hypha.
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Bakerspigel A. The keratinophilic fungi of Ontario, Canada. MYCOPATHOLOGIA ET MYCOLOGIA APPLICATA 1974; 53:1-12. [PMID: 4473708 DOI: 10.1007/bf02127194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Szathmáry S. The leaf-litter origin of Trichophyton species. MYCOPATHOLOGIA ET MYCOLOGIA APPLICATA 1970; 42:49-55. [PMID: 5531577 DOI: 10.1007/bf02051825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Szathmáry S. The pseudomacroconidia. MYCOPATHOLOGIA ET MYCOLOGIA APPLICATA 1968; 35:305-12. [PMID: 5696724 DOI: 10.1007/bf02050746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Gip L, Rajka G. On the reactivity of patients with superficial dermatomycoses to Trichophyton terrestre. MYKOSEN 1968; 11:359-62. [PMID: 5711943 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.1968.tb03338.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Szathmáry S. The latent trichophytosis of human clothing. II. Some data relating to Trichophyton pratense. MYCOPATHOLOGIA ET MYCOLOGIA APPLICATA 1967; 33:90-104. [PMID: 5586972 DOI: 10.1007/bf02053440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Al-Doory Y. The occurrence of keratinophilic fungi in Texas soil. MYCOPATHOLOGIA ET MYCOLOGIA APPLICATA 1967; 33:105-12. [PMID: 5626282 DOI: 10.1007/bf02053441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Balabanoff VA. [Comparative studies of dermatophytes isolated from caves and stables in Bulgaria]. MYCOPATHOLOGIA ET MYCOLOGIA APPLICATA 1967; 32:237-48. [PMID: 6051851 DOI: 10.1007/bf02049801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Evolceanu R, Alteras I, Nicolau G. New data concerning the immunobiological properties of geophilic dermatophytes. MYCOPATHOLOGIA ET MYCOLOGIA APPLICATA 1966; 28:333-6. [PMID: 5973424 DOI: 10.1007/bf02145107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Dunne RM. A review of the literature concerning human and animal dermatomycoses in Australia. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY 1965; 8:54-9. [PMID: 5318961 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-0960.1965.tb01372.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Balabanoff VA. Dimorphism of dermatophytes with regard to the grade of parasitic adaptation and their classification. MYCOPATHOLOGIA ET MYCOLOGIA APPLICATA 1965; 25:323-50. [PMID: 5338349 DOI: 10.1007/bf02049920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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SANDHU RS, RANDHAWA HS. ACTION OF GRISEOFULVIN ON GEOPHILIC DERMATOPHYTES AND RELATED KERATINOPHILIC FUNGI. Mycopathologia 1964; 22:141-52. [PMID: 14161178 DOI: 10.1007/bf02049648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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VARSAVSKY E. Occurrence of keratinophilic human pathogenic fungi in soils of Argentina. Mycopathologia 1964; 22:81-90. [PMID: 14161190 DOI: 10.1007/bf02049641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Evolceanu R, Alteras I, Cojocaru I. Considérations sur l'ubiquité duTrichophyton terrestre—Durié & Frey 1957—saprophyte du sol. Son inoculabilité. Mycopathologia 1962. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02136179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nachweis, Isolierung und Identifizierung keratinverwertender hautpathogener Bodenpilze. Arch Dermatol Res 1960. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00482583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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DURIE EB. A critical survey of mycological research and literature for the years 1946–1956 in Australia. Mycopathologia 1958; 9:80-96. [PMID: 13541325 DOI: 10.1007/bf02051414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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