1
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Chebieb A, Cha JK. A Cascade Synthesis of Indoles. J Org Chem 2024; 89:10293-10298. [PMID: 38963688 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
We report herein an expedient method for the regioselective synthesis of indoles from o-haloanilines and α-ketol-derived N-tosylhydrazones. This two-step, modular synthesis of N-H indoles can be carried out conveniently without purification of intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assia Chebieb
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis LCSCO, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Jin Kun Cha
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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2
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Nicolai S, Waser J. Lewis acid catalyzed [4+2] annulation of bicyclobutanes with dienol ethers for the synthesis of bicyclo[4.1.1]octanes. Chem Sci 2024; 15:10823-10829. [PMID: 39027289 PMCID: PMC11253158 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02767a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Bicyclic carbocycles containing a high fraction of Csp3 have become highly attractive synthetic targets because of the multiple applications they have found in medicinal chemistry. The formal cycloaddition of bicyclobutanes (BCBs) with two- or three-atom partners has recently been extensively explored for the construction of bicyclohexanes and bicycloheptanes, but applications to the synthesis of medium-sized bridged carbocycles remained more limited. We report herein the formal [4+2] cycloaddition of BCB ketones with silyl dienol ethers. The reaction occurred in the presence of 5 mol% aluminium triflate as a Lewis acid catalyst. Upon acidic hydrolysis of the enol ether intermediates, rigid bicyclo[4.1.1]octane (BCO) diketones could be accessed in up to quantitative yields. This procedure tolerated a range of both aromatic and aliphatic substituents on both the BCB substrates and the dienes. The obtained BCO products could be functionalized through reduction and cross-coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Nicolai
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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3
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Ledermann N, Moubsit AE, Müller TJJ. Consecutive four-component synthesis of trisubstituted 3-iodoindoles by an alkynylation-cyclization-iodination-alkylation sequence. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1379-1385. [PMID: 37736394 PMCID: PMC10509542 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A library of 19 differently substituted 3-iodoindoles is generated by a consecutive four-component reaction starting from ortho-haloanilines, terminal alkynes, N-iodosuccinimide, and alkyl halides in yields of 11-69%. Initiated by a copper-free alkynylation, followed by a base-catalyzed cyclizive indole formation, electrophilic iodination, and finally electrophilic trapping of the intermediary indole anion with alkyl halides provides a concise one-pot synthesis of 3-iodoindoles. The latter are valuable substrates for Suzuki arylations, which are exemplified with the syntheses of four derivatives, some of them are blue emitters in solution and in the solid state, in good yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Ledermann
- Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alae-Eddine Moubsit
- Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas J J Müller
- Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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4
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Abstract
A convenient method for the synthesis of indoles has been developed by the sequential orchestration of the cross-coupling reaction of o-haloaniline and PIFA oxidation of the resulting 2-alkenylanilines. A highlight of this two-step indole synthesis is a modular strategy which is applicable to both acyclic and cyclic starting materials. Particularly noteworthy is the regiochemistry that is complementary to the Fischer indole synthesis and related variants. Direct preparation of N-H indoles with no N-protecting group is also advantageous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assia Chebieb
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis LCSCO, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Young Gyu Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kun Cha
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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5
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Han L, Liu T, Wang H, Luan X. Palladium-Catalyzed Alkenyl C-H Activation/Diamination toward Tetrahydrocarbazole and Analogs Using Hydroxylamines as Single-Nitrogen Sources. Org Lett 2023; 25:58-63. [PMID: 36542630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed alkenyl C-H activation/diamination reaction of cycloalkenyl bromoarenes with hydroxylamines is described. A wide range of tetrahydrocarbazoles and analogs has been prepared using fine-tuning bifunctional secondary hydroxylamines as the single-nitrogen sources. Mechanistic investigations suggest that the selective alkenyl C-H activation/diamination cascade process should build the N-heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingbo Han
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Tingjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Han Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Xinjun Luan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
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6
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Fernandes S, Meyer ST, Shah JP, Adhikari AA, Kerr WG, Chisholm JD. N1-Benzyl Tryptamine Pan-SHIP1/2 Inhibitors: Synthesis and Preliminary Biological Evaluation as Anti-Tumor Agents. Molecules 2022; 27:8451. [PMID: 36500543 PMCID: PMC9738565 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase (SHIP) with small molecule inhibitors leads to apoptosis in tumor cells. Inhibitors that target both SHIP1 and SHIP2 (pan-SHIP1/2 inhibitors) may have benefits in these areas since paralog compensation is not possible when both SHIP paralogs are being inhibited. A series of tryptamine-based pan-SHIP1/2 inhibitors have been synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit the SHIP paralogs. The most active compounds were also evaluated for their effects on cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Fernandes
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Shea T. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Jigisha P. Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | | | - William G. Kerr
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - John D. Chisholm
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
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7
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Foley DJ, Waldmann H. Ketones as strategic building blocks for the synthesis of natural product-inspired compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:4094-4120. [PMID: 35506561 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00101b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Natural product-inspired compound collections serve as excellent sources for the identification of new bioactive compounds to treat disease. However, such compounds must necessarily be more structurally-enriched than traditional screening compounds, therefore inventive synthetic strategies and reliable methods are needed to prepare them. Amongst the various possible starting materials that could be considered for the synthesis of natural product-inspired compounds, ketones can be especially valuable due to the vast variety of complexity-building synthetic transformations that they can take part in, their high prevalence as commercial building blocks, and relative ease of synthesis. With a view towards developing a unified synthetic strategy for the preparation of next generation bioactive compound collections, this review considers whether ketones could serve as general precursors in this regard, and summarises the opulence of synthetic transformations available for the annulation of natural product ring-systems to ketone starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Foley
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. .,Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
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8
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Liu X, Lou M, Bai S, Sun G, Qi X. Asymmetric Total Syntheses of Strychnos Alkaloids via Selective Fischer Indolization. J Org Chem 2022; 87:5199-5212. [PMID: 35275636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The complex structures and important biological functions of Strychnos alkaloids have attracted a great deal of attention from synthetic chemists. Herein, we describe the concise asymmetric total syntheses of the Strychnos alkaloids, (-)-dehydrotubifoline, (-)-tubifoline, and (-)-tubifolidine, as well as the formal total synthesis of (-)-strychnine. Our strategy features the construction of the common tetracyclic pyrrolo[2,3-d]carbazole structure using regioselective Fischer indolization on unsymmetrical cyclic ketones and late-stage functionalization for divergent synthesis. We developed a stepwise Fischer indolization featuring selective formation of enol triflate to solve the challenging regioselectivity problem, leading to the common tetracyclic ring skeleton in these Strychnos alkaloids. The regioselectivity of Fischer indolization on unsymmetrical cyclic ketones was studied on the basis of different types of ring systems and supported by density functional theory calculations. Overall, our success in the construction of this tetracyclic ring secured the syntheses of Strychnos alkaloids and may provide a general method for the total syntheses of various alkaloids containing this skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Liu
- Institute for Smart Materials & Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China.,National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Mingliang Lou
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Songlin Bai
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing 102206, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guoxin Sun
- Institute for Smart Materials & Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangbing Qi
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing 102206, China.,Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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9
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Seen SB, Gong Y, Ashton M. The application of the Fischer indole synthesis in medicinal chemistry. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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10
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Yasui M, Fujioka H, Takeda N, Ueda M. Anhydrous Hydrogen Iodide-Mediated Reductive Indolization of In Situ-Generated Cyclopropyl Hydrazones. Org Lett 2021; 24:43-47. [PMID: 34881907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fischer-type indolization of N-aryl-C-cyclopropyl hydrazones generated in situ followed by chemoselective reduction using tert-butyl iodide as an anhydrous HI generator was developed. This protocol provides indoles bearing carboxylic acid derivative units. A series of control experiments indicated the HI-mediated formation and reduction of spirocyclopropyl indolenines. Anhydrous HI functions as a Brønsted acid as well as a reducing agent, facilitating the successful conversion of unstable reaction intermediates and iodinated mixtures in equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Yasui
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroki Fujioka
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Norihiko Takeda
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ueda
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
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11
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Heravi MM, Amiri Z, Kafshdarzadeh K, Zadsirjan V. Synthesis of indole derivatives as prevalent moieties present in selected alkaloids. RSC Adv 2021; 11:33540-33612. [PMID: 35497516 PMCID: PMC9042329 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05972f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Indoles are a significant heterocyclic system in natural products and drugs. They are important types of molecules and natural products and play a main role in cell biology. The application of indole derivatives as biologically active compounds for the treatment of cancer cells, microbes, and different types of disorders in the human body has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Indoles, both natural and synthetic, show various biologically vital properties. Owing to the importance of this significant ring system, the investigation of novel methods of synthesis have attracted the attention of the chemical community. In this review, we aim to highlight the construction of indoles as a moiety in selected alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid M Heravi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 9121329147
| | - Zahra Amiri
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 9121329147
| | - Kosar Kafshdarzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 9121329147
| | - Vahideh Zadsirjan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 9121329147
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12
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Shikhaliyev NG, Maharramov AM, Suleymanova GT, Babazade AA, Nenajdenko VG, Khrustalev VN, Novikov AS, Tskhovrebov AG. Arylhydrazones of α-keto esters via methanolysis of dichlorodiazabutadienes: synthesis and structural study. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2021.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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14
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Ghosh B, Balhara R, Jindal G, Mukherjee S. Catalytic Enantioselective Desymmetrizing Fischer Indolization through Dynamic Kinetic Resolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9086-9092. [PMID: 33555647 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202017268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The first catalytic enantioselective Fischer indolization of prochiral diketones containing enantiotopic carbonyl groups is developed and shown to proceed through dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR). Catalyzed by the combination of a spirocyclic chiral phosphoric acid and ZnCl2 (Lewis acid assisted Brønsted acid), this direct approach combines 2,2-disubstituted cyclopentane-1,3-diones with N-protected phenylhydrazines to furnish cyclopenta[b]indole derivatives containing an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter with good to excellent enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biki Ghosh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
| | - Reena Balhara
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
| | - Garima Jindal
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
| | - Santanu Mukherjee
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
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15
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Zhang J, Li Y, Zhang C, Wang XN, Chang J. Metal-Free [3+2] Annulation of Ynamides with Anthranils to Construct 2-Aminoindoles. Org Lett 2021; 23:2029-2035. [PMID: 33645992 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel metal-free [3+2] annulation of ynamides with anthranils provides a facile, flexible, environmentally friendly, and atom-economical route to 2-aminoindoles. This synthetic process proceeds with efficiency, excellent regioselectivity, and wide functional group tolerance under mild conditions. Moreover, the obtained 2-aminoindole products represent a multifunctional platform for the construction of various 2-aminoindolyl frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Chaofeng Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Na Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Junbiao Chang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
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16
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Schmidt MA. Effect of Terminal Alkylation of Aryl and Heteroaryl Hydrazines in the Fischer Indole Synthesis. J Org Chem 2021; 87:1941-1960. [PMID: 33724835 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effect of alkylation on the terminal position of aryl and heteroaryl hydrazines in the Fischer indole synthesis was examined. Compared to their unalkylated counterparts, reactions using alkylated hydrazines provided indole products with higher yields and faster rates. The reactions can be conducted at lower temperatures and are compatible with acid-sensitive functionality. The terminally alkylated hydrazines were readily prepared by a new two-step sequence and held as stable hydrazinium salts. The mild formation of the salts along with the favorable Fischer indole reaction conditions highlights the potential of this approach in later-stage synthetic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Schmidt
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Chemical Process Development, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
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17
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Ghosh B, Balhara R, Jindal G, Mukherjee S. Catalytic Enantioselective Desymmetrizing Fischer Indolization through Dynamic Kinetic Resolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202017268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Biki Ghosh
- Department of Organic Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560 012 India
| | - Reena Balhara
- Department of Organic Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560 012 India
| | - Garima Jindal
- Department of Organic Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560 012 India
| | - Santanu Mukherjee
- Department of Organic Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560 012 India
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18
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Shinde VN, Rangan K, Kumar D, Kumar A. Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Annulation and Spirocyclization of 2-Arylindoles and 2-(1H-Pyrazol-1-yl)-1H-indoles with Maleimides: A Facile Access to Isogranulatimide Alkaloid Analogues. J Org Chem 2021; 86:2328-2338. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vikki N. Shinde
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Krishnan Rangan
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Dalip Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
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19
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Tejedor D, Diana-Rivero R, García-Tellado F. A General and Scalable Synthesis of Polysubstituted Indoles. Molecules 2020; 25:E5595. [PMID: 33260745 PMCID: PMC7730962 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A consecutive 2-step synthesis of N-unprotected polysubstituted indoles bearing an electron-withdrawing group at the C-3 position from readily available nitroarenes is reported. The protocol is based on the [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of N-oxyenamines generated by the DABCO-catalyzed reaction of N-arylhydroxylamines and conjugated terminal alkynes, and delivers indoles endowed with a wide array of substitution patterns and topologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tejedor
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Spain;
| | - Raquel Diana-Rivero
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Spain;
- Doctoral and Postgraduate School, Universidad de La Laguna, Apartado Postal 456, 38200 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Fernando García-Tellado
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Spain;
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20
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Kinoshita J, Baralle A, Yoshida A, Yanagi T, Nogi K, Yorimitsu H. A Route to Indoles via Modified Fischer Indole Intermediates from Sulfonanilides and Ketene Dithioacetal Monoxides. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kinoshita
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Alexandre Baralle
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Akira Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yanagi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Keisuke Nogi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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21
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Nifant'ev IE, Ivchenko PV. Synthesis of Heteroarene‐Fused Cyclopentadienes and Related Compounds Suitable for Metallocene Preparation. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilya E. Nifant'ev
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS Leninsky pr. 22 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
- Department of Chemistry M.V. Lomonosov Moscow University Leninskie gory 1–3 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Pavel V. Ivchenko
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS Leninsky pr. 22 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
- Department of Chemistry M.V. Lomonosov Moscow University Leninskie gory 1–3 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
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22
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Colella M, Degennaro L, Luisi R. Continuous Flow Synthesis of Heterocycles: A Recent Update on the Flow Synthesis of Indoles. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143242. [PMID: 32708643 PMCID: PMC7397031 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Indole derivatives are among the most useful and interesting heterocycles employed in drug discovery and medicinal chemistry. In addition, flow chemistry and flow technology are changing the synthetic paradigm in the field of modern synthesis. In this review, the role of flow technology in the preparation of indole derivatives is showcased. Selected examples have been described with the aim to provide readers with an overview on the tactics and technologies used for targeting indole scaffolds.
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23
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Bouayad‐Gervais S, Scattolin T, Schoenebeck F. N-Trifluoromethyl Hydrazines, Indoles and Their Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11908-11912. [PMID: 32293088 PMCID: PMC7384184 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Reported herein is the first efficient strategy to synthesize a broad range of unsymmetrical N-CF3 hydrazines, which served as platform to unlock numerous currently inaccessible derivatives, such as tri- and tetra-substituted N-CF3 hydrazines, hydrazones, sulfonyl hydrazines, and valuable N-CF3 indoles. These compounds proved to be remarkably robust, being compatible with acids, bases, and a wide range of synthetic manipulations. The feasibility of RN(CF3 )-NH2 to function as a directing group in C-H functionalization is also showcased.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Scattolin
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
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24
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Bouayad‐Gervais S, Scattolin T, Schoenebeck F. N
‐Trifluoromethyl Hydrazines, Indoles and Their Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samir Bouayad‐Gervais
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Thomas Scattolin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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25
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Xu C, Xie W, Xu J. Metal-free and regiospecific synthesis of 3-arylindoles. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:2661-2671. [PMID: 32196059 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00317d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A convenient, metal-free, and organic acid-base promoted synthetic method to prepare 3-arylindoles from 3-aryloxirane-2-carbonitriles and arylhydrazine hydrochlorides has been developed. In the reaction, the organic acid catalyzes a tandem nucleophilic ring-opening reaction of aryloxiranecarbonitriles and arylhydrazine hydrochlorides and Fischer indolization. The organic base triethylamine plays a crucial role in the final elimination step in the Fischer indole synthesis, affording 3-arylindoles regiospecifically. The reaction features advantages of microwave acceleration, non-metal participation, short reaction time, organic acid-base co-catalysis, and broad substrate scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuangchuang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
| | - Wenlai Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
| | - Jiaxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
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26
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Rohrbach S, Smith AJ, Pang JH, Poole DL, Tuttle T, Chiba S, Murphy JA. Concerted Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:16368-16388. [PMID: 30990931 PMCID: PMC6899550 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in experimental and computational chemistry have identified a rapidly growing class of nucleophilic aromatic substitutions that proceed by concerted (cSN Ar) rather than classical, two-step, SN Ar mechanisms. Whereas traditional SN Ar reactions require substantial activation of the aromatic ring by electron-withdrawing substituents, such activating groups are not mandatory in the concerted pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Rohrbach
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde295 Cathedral StreetGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Andrew J. Smith
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde295 Cathedral StreetGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Jia Hao Pang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore637371Singapore
| | - Darren L. Poole
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research CentreGunnels Wood RoadStevenageSG1 2NYUK
| | - Tell Tuttle
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde295 Cathedral StreetGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Shunsuke Chiba
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore637371Singapore
| | - John A. Murphy
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde295 Cathedral StreetGlasgowG1 1XLUK
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27
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Rohrbach S, Smith AJ, Pang JH, Poole DL, Tuttle T, Chiba S, Murphy JA. Konzertierte nukleophile aromatische Substitutionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Rohrbach
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL Großbritannien
| | - Andrew J. Smith
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL Großbritannien
| | - Jia Hao Pang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapur
| | - Darren L. Poole
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY Großbritannien
| | - Tell Tuttle
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL Großbritannien
| | - Shunsuke Chiba
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapur
| | - John A. Murphy
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL Großbritannien
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28
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Gerlinger CKG, Gaich T. Structure‐Pattern‐Based Total Synthesis. Chemistry 2019; 25:10782-10791. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christa K. G. Gerlinger
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Konstanz Universitätsstrasse 10 78464 Konstanz Germany
| | - Tanja Gaich
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Konstanz Universitätsstrasse 10 78464 Konstanz Germany
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29
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Verschueren RH, De Borggraeve WM. Electrochemistry and Photoredox Catalysis: A Comparative Evaluation in Organic Synthesis. Molecules 2019; 24:E2122. [PMID: 31195644 PMCID: PMC6600520 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides an overview of synthetic transformations that have been performed by both electro- and photoredox catalysis. Both toolboxes are evaluated and compared in their ability to enable said transformations. Analogies and distinctions are formulated to obtain a better understanding in both research areas. This knowledge can be used to conceptualize new methodological strategies for either of both approaches starting from the other. It was attempted to extract key components that can be used as guidelines to refine, complement and innovate these two disciplines of organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik H Verschueren
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design and Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2404, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Wim M De Borggraeve
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design and Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2404, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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30
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Su R, Yang XH, Hu M, Wang QA, Li JH. Annulation Cascades of N-Allyl- N-((2-bromoaryl)ethynyl)amides Involving C-H Functionalization. Org Lett 2019; 21:2786-2789. [PMID: 30939026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An annulation cascades of N-allyl- N-((2-bromoaryl)ethynyl)amides with terminal alkynes or 1,3-dicarbonyls involving C-H functionalization for producing 2,3-functionalized indoles has been first developed by means of Cu catalysis. The method is enabled by the formation of the ketenimine intermediates to deliver 2,3-disubstituted indoles through a sequence of aza-Claisen rearrangement, C-H functionalization, Ullmann C-N coupling, and cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongkui Su
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle , Nanchang Hangkong University , Nanchang 330063 , China.,Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, School of Metallurgy and Environment , Central South University , Changsha 410083 , China
| | - Xu-Heng Yang
- College of Arts and Sciences , National University of Defense Technology , Changsha 410073 , China
| | - Ming Hu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle , Nanchang Hangkong University , Nanchang 330063 , China
| | - Qiu-An Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle , Nanchang Hangkong University , Nanchang 330063 , China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle , Nanchang Hangkong University , Nanchang 330063 , China
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31
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Dierks A, Schmidtmann M, Christoffers J. Synthesis of Annulated Indolines by Reductive Fischer Indolization. Chemistry 2019; 25:5451-5462. [PMID: 30741459 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic β-oxoesters and arylhydrazine derivatives were converted at ambient temperature under modified Fischer indolization conditions to furnish annulated indolines with quaternary bridgehead carbon center. Reaction conditions were Brønsted acidic (with CF3 CO2 H), but also reductive (with Et3 SiH). The latter reduced intermediate iminium ions under formation of the 2,3-dihydroindole product constitutions. Racemic products (13 examples) were obtained as single diastereoisomers with relative cis-configuration, which was proved in two cases by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. Conversion of 4-bromo-1-indanone-2-carboxylate and 4-bromophenylhydrazine gave indeno[1,2-b]indolines with either 1-bromo, 8-bromo, or 1,8-dibromo substitution, which were further diversified by Suzuki coupling reactions with several arylboronic acids (nine examples).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dierks
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Jens Christoffers
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany
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32
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Liu J, Tang W, Sheng L, Du Z, Zhang T, Su X, Zhang SXA. Effects of Substituents on Metastable-State Photoacids: Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of their Photochemical Properties. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:438-445. [PMID: 30536732 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Recently, metastable-state photoacids have been widely used to control proton transfer in numerous chemical and biological processes as well as applications with visible light. Generally, substituents have a great influence on the photochemical properties of molecules, which will further affect their applications. Yet, the effects of substituents on metastable-state photoacids have not been studied systematically. In this work, 16 metastable-state photoacid derivatives were designed and synthesized on the basis of substituents having a large range of σ-π electron-donor-acceptor capabilities. The effects of substituents on the color display [or maximum absorption band(s)], solubility, pKa values, dark/photoacidity, photosensitivity, and relaxation kinetic(s) were investigated in detail. This study will be helpful for the targeted design and synthesis of promising photoacids and the application of their photocontrolled proton-release processes in functional materials/devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Wenqi Tang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin street, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Lan Sheng
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin street, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Du
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Xing Su
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin street, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Sean Xiao-An Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin street, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
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33
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Rebmann H, Gerlinger CKG, Gaich T. Gram‐Scale Total Synthesis of Sarpagine Alkaloids and Non‐Natural Derivatives. Chemistry 2019; 25:2704-2707. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Rebmann
- Department of Chemistry University of Konstanz Universitätsstrasse 10 78464 Konstanz Germany
| | - Christa K. G. Gerlinger
- Department of Chemistry University of Konstanz Universitätsstrasse 10 78464 Konstanz Germany
| | - Tanja Gaich
- Department of Chemistry University of Konstanz Universitätsstrasse 10 78464 Konstanz Germany
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34
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Saikia S, Puri K, Borah R. Supported dual-acidic 1,3-disulfoimidazolium chlorozincate@HZSM-5 as a promising heterogeneous catalyst for synthesis of indole derivatives. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Saikia
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Tezpur University; Napaam Tezpur 784028 India
| | - Krishna Puri
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Tezpur University; Napaam Tezpur 784028 India
| | - Ruli Borah
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Tezpur University; Napaam Tezpur 784028 India
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35
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36
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Xiang Y, Wang C, Ding Q, Peng Y. Diazo Compounds: Versatile Synthons for the Synthesis of Nitrogen Heterocycles via
Transition Metal-Catalyzed Cascade C-H Activation/Carbene Insertion/Annulation Reactions. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunyu Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education and Jiangxi's Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry; Jiangxi Normal University; Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022 People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education and Jiangxi's Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry; Jiangxi Normal University; Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuping Ding
- Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education and Jiangxi's Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry; Jiangxi Normal University; Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022 People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education and Jiangxi's Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry; Jiangxi Normal University; Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022 People's Republic of China
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37
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Yang X, Zhang X, Yin D. An Eco-Friendly Industrial Fischer Indole Cyclization Process. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- Department of Synthetic Medicinal Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Jia 2, Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Synthetic Medicinal Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Jia 2, Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Dali Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Jia 2, Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
- Department of Synthetic Medicinal Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Jia 2, Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
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38
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Zeng Q, Zhang L, Zhou Y. Advances in Selective Carbon-Heteroatom Coupling Reactions. CHEM REC 2018; 18:1278-1291. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingle Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology); Chengdu University of Technology; College of Materials; Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; 1#, Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao Chengdu 610059 China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology); Chengdu University of Technology; College of Materials; Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; 1#, Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao Chengdu 610059 China
| | - Yue Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology); Chengdu University of Technology; College of Materials; Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; 1#, Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao Chengdu 610059 China
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39
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Irgashev RA, Steparuk AS, Rusinov GL. A new convenient synthetic route towards 2-(hetero)aryl-substituted thieno[3,2-b]indoles using Fischer indolization. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:4821-4832. [PMID: 29922780 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01110a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A number of 2-(hetero)aryl-substituted thieno[3,2-b]indoles have been successfully prepared using an efficient transition-metal-free strategy, involving the Fiesselmann synthesis of methyl 5-(hetero)aryl-3-hydroxythiophene-2-carboxylates from 2-bromo-3-(hetero)arylacrylates and methyl thioglycolate, and the transformation of the synthesized 3-hydroxyesters into the corresponding thiophen-3(2H)-ones, followed by their treatment with arylhydrazines to directly form the targeted structures via Fischer indolization. At the same time, structural variety of the obtained thieno[3,2-b]indoles has been achieved due to a wide range of available starting materials, including both 2-bromo-3-(hetero)arylacrylates and arylhydrazines. In addition, two π-extended molecules, namely 1,4-bis(4H-thieno[3,2-b]indol-2-yl)benzene and 2,5-bis(4H-thieno[3,2-b]indol-2-yl)thiophene, have been synthesized in line with the current approach towards 2-(hetero)arylated thieno[3,2-b]indoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman A Irgashev
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, S. Kovalevskoy Str., 22, Ekaterinburg, 620990, Russia.
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- So Won Youn
- Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry and Institute for Natural Sciences; Hanyang University; Seoul 04763 Korea
| | - Tae Yun Ko
- Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry and Institute for Natural Sciences; Hanyang University; Seoul 04763 Korea
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41
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Chen WL, Wu SY, Mo XL, Wei LX, Liang C, Mo DL. Synthesis of 2-Aminobenzonitriles through Nitrosation Reaction and Sequential Iron(III)-Catalyzed C–C Bond Cleavage of 2-Arylindoles. Org Lett 2018; 20:3527-3530. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China; School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Si-Yi Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China; School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Xue-Ling Mo
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China; School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Liu-Xu Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China; School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Cui Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China; School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Dong-Liang Mo
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China; School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin, 541004, China
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42
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Ru CH, Guo SH, Pan GF, Zhu XQ, Gao YR, Wang YQ. Synthesis of Hydrazines via Radical Generation and Addition of Azocarboxylic tert-Butyl Esters. Org Lett 2018. [PMID: 29522348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A new chemistry of azo compounds that is a radical generation and addition in situ of azocarboxylic tert-butyl esters to synthesize hydrazines has been described. The protocol provides a novel strategy for the synthesis of various hydrazines. The advantages of the transformation include broad substrate scope, benign conditions, and convenient operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hao Ru
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 , P. R. China
| | - Shi-Huan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 , P. R. China
| | - Gao-Fei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 , P. R. China
| | - Xue-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 , P. R. China
| | - Ya-Ru Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 , P. R. China
| | - Yong-Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 , P. R. China
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43
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Dubhashe YR, Sawant VM, Gaikar VG. Process Intensification of Continuous Flow Synthesis of Tryptophol. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yogeshwar R. Dubhashe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India
| | - Vishal M. Sawant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India
| | - Vilas G. Gaikar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India
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Nishino H, Inoue T. Facile Synthesis of Indolelactones Using Mn(III)-Based Oxidative Substitution-Cyclization Reaction. HETEROCYCLES 2018. [DOI: 10.3987/com-18-s(t)31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Simmons BJ, Hoffmann M, Champagne PA, Picazo E, Yamakawa K, Morrill LA, Houk KN, Garg NK. Understanding and Interrupting the Fischer Azaindolization Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:14833-14836. [PMID: 29022706 PMCID: PMC5726400 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b07518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and computational studies pertaining to the Fischer azaindolization reaction are reported. These studies explain why pyridylhydrazines are poorly reactive in Fischer indolization reactions, in addition to the origin of hydrazine substituent effects. Additionally, an interrupted variant of Fischer azaindolization methodology is disclosed, which provides a synthetic entryway into fused azaindoline scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan J. Simmons
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Marie Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | | | - Elias Picazo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Katsuya Yamakawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Lucas A. Morrill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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46
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Krüll J, Hubert A, Nebel N, Prante O, Heinrich MR. Microwave‐Assisted Rapid One‐Pot Synthesis of Fused and Non‐Fused Indoles and 5‐[
18
F]Fluoroindoles from Phenylazocarboxylates. Chemistry 2017; 23:16174-16178. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Krüll
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Schuhstraße 19 91052 Erlangen Germany
| | - Anja Hubert
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Schuhstraße 19 91052 Erlangen Germany
| | - Natascha Nebel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Schwabachanlage 6 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Olaf Prante
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Schwabachanlage 6 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Markus R. Heinrich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Schuhstraße 19 91052 Erlangen Germany
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47
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Oh Y, Han SH, Mishra NK, De U, Lee J, Kim HS, Jung YH, Kim IS. Synthesis and Anticancer Evaluation of 2,3-Disubstituted Indoles Derived from Azobenzenes and Internal Olefins. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongguk Oh
- School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; 16419 Suwon Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Han
- School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; 16419 Suwon Republic of Korea
| | | | - Umasankar De
- School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; 16419 Suwon Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Lee
- School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; 16419 Suwon Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; 16419 Suwon Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Jung
- School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; 16419 Suwon Republic of Korea
| | - In Su Kim
- School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; 16419 Suwon Republic of Korea
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Yin
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Zechao Wang
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha Campus; Hangzhou 310018 People's Republic of China
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49
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Egorova AV, Viktorov NB, Starova GL, Svintsitskaya NI, Garabadziu AV, Dogadina AV. BF 3 ·Et 2 O catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of diethyl 2-(dialkoxyphosphorylethynyl)-2-arylaminomalonates to 3-phosphonylated indoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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50
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Application of Fischer Indolization under Green Conditions using Deep Eutectic Solvents. CHEM REC 2017; 17:1039-1058. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201600138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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