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Bråtveit M, Van Parys A, Olsen T, Strand E, Marienborg I, Laupsa-Borge J, Haugsgjerd TR, McCann A, Dhar I, Ueland PM, Dierkes J, Dankel SN, Nygård OK, Lysne V. Association between dietary macronutrient composition and plasma one-carbon metabolites and B-vitamin cofactors in patients with stable angina pectoris. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:1678-1690. [PMID: 38361451 PMCID: PMC11063666 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114524000473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Elevated plasma concentrations of several one-carbon metabolites are associated with increased CVD risk. Both diet-induced regulation and dietary content of one-carbon metabolites can influence circulating concentrations of these markers. We cross-sectionally analysed 1928 patients with suspected stable angina pectoris (geometric mean age 61), representing elevated CVD risk, to assess associations between dietary macronutrient composition (FFQ) and plasma one-carbon metabolites and related B-vitamin status markers (GC-MS/MS, LC-MS/MS or microbiological assay). Diet-metabolite associations were modelled on the continuous scale, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking, alcohol and total energy intake. Average (geometric mean (95 % prediction interval)) intake was forty-nine (38, 63) energy percent (E%) from carbohydrate, thirty-one (22, 45) E% from fat and seventeen (12, 22) E% from protein. The strongest associations were seen for higher protein intake, i.e. with higher plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) (% change (95 % CI) 3·1 (2·1, 4·1)), cobalamin (2·9 (2·1, 3·7)), riboflavin (2·4 (1·1, 3·7)) and folate (2·1 (1·2, 3·1)) and lower total homocysteine (tHcy) (-1·4 (-1·9, -0·9)) and methylmalonic acid (MMA) (-1·4 (-2·0, -0·8)). Substitution analyses replacing MUFA or PUFA with SFA demonstrated higher plasma concentrations of riboflavin (5·0 (0·9, 9·3) and 3·3 (1·1, 5·6)), tHcy (2·3 (0·7, 3·8) and 1·3 (0·5, 2·2)) and MMA (2·0 (0·2, 3·9) and 1·7 (0·7, 2·7)) and lower PLP (-2·5 (-5·3, 0·3) and -2·7 (-4·2, -1·2)). In conclusion, a higher protein intake and replacing saturated with MUFA and PUFA were associated with a more favourable metabolic phenotype regarding metabolites associated with CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Bråtveit
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anthea Van Parys
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elin Strand
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingvild Marienborg
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Johnny Laupsa-Borge
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Indu Dhar
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Jutta Dierkes
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Simon Nitter Dankel
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ottar Kjell Nygård
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vegard Lysne
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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2
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Li Y, Bai B, Wang H, Wu H, Deng Y, Shen C, Zhang Q, Shi L. Plasma metabolomic profile in orthostatic intolerance children with high levels of plasma homocysteine. Ital J Pediatr 2024; 50:52. [PMID: 38486257 PMCID: PMC10941598 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-024-01601-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthostatic intolerance, which includes vasovagal syncope and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, is common in children and adolescents. Elevated plasma homocysteine levels might participate in the pathogenesis of orthostatic intolerance. This study was designed to analyze the plasma metabolomic profile in orthostatic intolerance children with high levels of plasma homocysteine. METHODS Plasma samples from 34 orthostatic intolerance children with a plasma homocysteine concentration > 9 µmol/L and 10 healthy children were subjected to ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography and quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis. RESULTS A total of 875 metabolites were identified, 105 of which were significantly differential metabolites. Choline, 1-stearoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1-(1Z-octadecenyl)-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, histidine, isocitric acid, and DL-glutamic acid and its downstream metabolites were upregulated, whereas 1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1-stearoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine, sphingomyelin (d18:1/18:0), betaine aldehyde, hydroxyproline, and gamma-aminobutyric acid were downregulated in the orthostatic intolerance group compared with the control group. All these metabolites were related to choline and glutamate. Heatmap analysis demonstrated a common metabolic pattern of higher choline, 1-stearoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, and DL-glutamic acid, and lower sphingomyelin (d18:1/18:0), 1-stearoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine, and 1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in patients with certain notable metabolic changes (the special group) than in the other patients (the common group). The maximum upright heart rate, the change in heart rate from the supine to the upright position, and the rate of change in heart rate from the supine to the upright position of vasovagal syncope patients were significantly higher in the special group than in the common group (P < 0.05). Choline, 1-stearoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, and DL-glutamic acid were positively correlated with the rate of change in heart rate from the supine to the upright position in vasovagal syncope patients (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The levels of choline-related metabolites and glutamate-related metabolites changed significantly in orthostatic intolerance children with high levels of plasma homocysteine, and these changes were associated with the severity of illness. These results provided new light on the pathogenesis of orthostatic intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, No 2 Yabao Road, Beijing, Chaoyang District, 100020, China
| | - Baoling Bai
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, No 2 Yabao Road, Beijing, Chaoyang District, 100020, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, No 2 Yabao Road, Beijing, Chaoyang District, 100020, China
| | - Haojie Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, No 2 Yabao Road, Beijing, Chaoyang District, 100020, China
| | - Yanjun Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, No 2 Yabao Road, Beijing, Chaoyang District, 100020, China
| | - Chen Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, No 2 Yabao Road, Beijing, Chaoyang District, 100020, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, No 2 Yabao Road, Beijing, Chaoyang District, 100020, China.
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, No 2 Yabao Road, Beijing, Chaoyang District, 100020, China.
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Hesselink A, Winkvist A, Lindahl B, Ueland PM, Schneede J, Johansson I, Karlsson T. Healthy Nordic diet and associations with plasma concentrations of metabolites in the choline oxidation pathway: a cross-sectional study from Northern Sweden. Nutr J 2023; 22:26. [PMID: 37198607 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-023-00853-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The choline oxidation pathway and metabolites involved have been linked to diseases including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and cancer. A healthy Nordic diet is a recently defined dietary pattern associated with decreased risk for these diseases. Our aim was to explore associations between adherence to a healthy Nordic diet and plasma concentrations of metabolites of the choline oxidation pathway. METHODS The Healthy Nordic Food Index (HNFI) and Baltic Sea Diet Score (BSDS) were applied to cross-sectional data (n = 969) from the Västerbotten Intervention Programme in Northern Sweden to score adherence to a healthy Nordic diet. Data included responses to a dietary questionnaire and blood sample analyses (1991-2008). Associations of diet scores with plasma concentrations of metabolites of the choline oxidation pathway and total homocysteine (tHcy), seven metabolites in total, were evaluated with linear regression, adjusting for age, BMI, education and physical activity. RESULTS HNFI scores showed linear relationships with plasma choline (β = 0.11), betaine (β = 0.46), serine (β = 0.98) and tHcy (β = - 0.38), and BSDS scores with betaine (β = 0.13) and tHcy (β = - 0.13); unstandardized beta coefficients, all significant at P < 0.05. The regression models predicted changes in plasma metabolite concentrations (± 1 SD changes in diet score) in the range of 1-5% for choline, betaine, serine and tHcy. No other statistically significant associations were observed. CONCLUSIONS A healthy Nordic diet was associated with plasma concentrations of several metabolites of the choline oxidation pathway. Although relationships were statistically significant, effect sizes were moderate. Further research is warranted to explore the underlying mechanisms and associations with health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Hesselink
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, University of Gothenburg, Box 459, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Winkvist
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, University of Gothenburg, Box 459, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bernt Lindahl
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Per M Ueland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Bevital AS, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jörn Schneede
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Therese Karlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, University of Gothenburg, Box 459, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Gillies NA, Franzke B, Wessner B, Schober-Halper B, Hofmann M, Oesen S, Tosevska A, Strasser EM, Roy NC, Milan AM, Cameron-Smith D, Wagner KH. Nutritional supplementation alters associations between one-carbon metabolites and cardiometabolic risk profiles in older adults: a secondary analysis of the Vienna Active Ageing Study. Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:169-182. [PMID: 34240265 PMCID: PMC8783863 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02607-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Cardiovascular diseases and cognitive decline, predominant in ageing populations, share common features of dysregulated one-carbon (1C) and cardiometabolic homeostasis. However, few studies have addressed the impact of multifaceted lifestyle interventions in older adults that combine both nutritional supplementation and resistance training on the co-regulation of 1C metabolites and cardiometabolic markers. Methods 95 institutionalised older adults (83 ± 6 years, 88.4% female) were randomised to receive resistance training with or without nutritional supplementation (Fortifit), or cognitive training (control for socialisation) for 6 months. Fasting plasma 1C metabolite concentrations, analysed by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, and cardiometabolic parameters were measured at baseline and the 3- and 6-month follow-ups. Results Regardless of the intervention group, choline was elevated after 3 months, while cysteine and methionine remained elevated after 6 months (mixed model time effects, p < 0.05). Elevated dimethylglycine and lower betaine concentrations were correlated with an unfavourable cardiometabolic profile at baseline (spearman correlations, p < 0.05). However, increasing choline and dimethylglycine concentrations were associated with improvements in lipid metabolism in those receiving supplementation (regression model interaction, p < 0.05). Conclusion Choline metabolites, including choline, betaine and dimethylglycine, were central to the co-regulation of 1C metabolism and cardiometabolic health in older adults. Metabolites that indicate upregulated betaine-dependent homocysteine remethylation were elevated in those with the greatest cardiometabolic risk at baseline, but associated with improvements in lipid parameters following resistance training with nutritional supplementation. The relevance of how 1C metabolite status might be optimised to protect against cardiometabolic dysregulation requires further attention. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-021-02607-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola A Gillies
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Bernhard Franzke
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Wessner
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Sports Medicine, Exercise Physiology and Prevention, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Schober-Halper
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlene Hofmann
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Oesen
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anela Tosevska
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva-Maria Strasser
- Institute for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaiser Franz Josef Hospital - Social Medical Center South, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole C Roy
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Food, Nutrition and Health, AgResearch, Hamilton, New Zealand.,The High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Amber M Milan
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Food, Nutrition and Health, AgResearch, Hamilton, New Zealand.,The High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David Cameron-Smith
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Karl-Heinz Wagner
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria. .,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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5
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Gillies NA, Milan AM, Chia PHP, Sharma P, Mitchell SM, Zeng N, Ramzan F, D'Souza RF, Mitchell CJ, Knowles SO, Andraos S, Sjödin A, Wagner KH, Roy NC, Cameron-Smith D. Responsiveness of one-carbon metabolites to a high-protein diet in older men: Results from a 10-wk randomized controlled trial. Nutrition 2021; 89:111231. [PMID: 33930787 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dietary strategies to promote successful aging are divergent. Higher-protein diets are recommended to preserve skeletal muscle mass and physical function. Conversely, increased B-vitamin intake, supporting one-carbon (1C) metabolism, reduces the risk of cognitive decline and cardiovascular disease. On the hypothesis that higher protein intake through animal-based sources will benefit 1C regulation by the supply of B vitamins (folate, riboflavin, and vitamins B6 and B12) and methyl donors (choline) despite higher methionine intake, this study explored the effect of a higher-protein diet on 1C metabolite status in older men compared to current protein recommendations. METHODS Older men (age, 74 ± 3 y) were randomized to receive a diet for 10 wk containing either the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of protein (0.8 g/kg body weight/d, n = 14), or double that amount (2RDA, n = 15), with differences in protein accounted for by modifying carbohydrate intake. Intervention diets were matched to each individual's energy requirements based on the Harris-Benedict equation and adjusted fortnightly as required depending on physical activity and satiety. Fasting plasma 1C metabolite concentrations were quantified by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry at baseline and after 10 wk of intervention. RESULTS Plasma homocysteine concentrations were reduced from baseline to follow-up with both diets. Changes in metabolite ratios reflective of betaine-dependent homocysteine remethylation were specific to the RDA diet, with an increase in the betaine-to-choline ratio and a decrease in the dimethylglycine-to-betaine ratio. Comparatively, increasing folate intake was positively associated with a change in choline concentration and inversely with the betaine-to-choline ratio for the 2RDA group. CONCLUSIONS Adding to the known benefits of higher protein intake in older people, this study supports a reduction of homocysteine with increased consumption of animal-based protein, although the health effects of differential response of choline metabolites to a higher-protein diet remain uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola A Gillies
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Amber M Milan
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Food Nutrition & Health, AgResearch Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand; The High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Pamela H P Chia
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Discipline of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Pankaja Sharma
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Sarah M Mitchell
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Nina Zeng
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Farha Ramzan
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Randall F D'Souza
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Discipline of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cameron J Mitchell
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Scott O Knowles
- Food Nutrition & Health, AgResearch Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Anders Sjödin
- Department of Nutrition Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen,Denmark
| | - Karl-Heinz Wagner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole C Roy
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Food Nutrition & Health, AgResearch Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand; The High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David Cameron-Smith
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Sinapore.
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Storsve AB, Johnsen L, Nyborg C, Melau J, Hisdal J, Burri L. Effects of Krill Oil and Race Distance on Serum Choline and Choline Metabolites in Triathletes: A Field Study. Front Nutr 2020; 7:133. [PMID: 33015116 PMCID: PMC7461811 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Choline is an essential nutrient that has been implicated in athletic performance due to its role in maintaining normal muscle function. The concentration of free choline in serum may decrease during long-distance high-intensity exercise, yet few nutritional strategies to counteract this potentially performance-depleting loss in choline have been investigated outside the laboratory. This exploratory field study was performed to investigate if pre-race supplementation with phosphatidylcholine from krill oil can counteract the expected drop in choline and some of its metabolites during triathlon competitions. Forty-seven triathletes, 12 females and 35 males ranging in age from 25 to 61 years, were recruited from participants in the Ironman-distance Norseman Xtreme triathlon and the Sprint/Olympic-distance Oslo Triathlon. Twenty-four athletes were randomly allocated to the krill oil group, receiving 4 g of SuperbaBoost™ krill oil daily for 5 weeks prior to the race, and 23 athletes were randomly allocated to the placebo group, receiving 4 g of mixed vegetable oil daily. Blood samples were obtained before the race, immediately after completion of the race, and the day after the race for analysis of choline and its metabolites. The results showed that serum choline concentrations significantly decreased from pre-race to race finish in all races, with a more pronounced decrease observed in the Ironman-distance Norseman Xtreme triathlon (34% decrease) relative to the Sprint/Olympic-distance Oslo Triathlon (15% decrease). A reduction in betaine was also observed, while dimethylglycine (DMG) concentrations remained stable across all time points. Significantly higher concentrations of choline (9.4% on average) and DMG (21.4% on average) were observed in the krill oil compared to the placebo group, and the krill oil group showed a significantly greater increase in serum choline following race completion. In conclusion, krill oil may help to prevent that circulating choline concentrations become limiting during endurance competitions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christoffer Nyborg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Vascular Investigations, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen Melau
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Prehospital Division, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Jonny Hisdal
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Vascular Investigations, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lena Burri
- Aker BioMarine Antarctic AS, Lysaker, Norway
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Tuomainen M, Kärkkäinen O, Leppänen J, Auriola S, Lehtonen M, Savolainen MJ, Hermansen K, Risérus U, Åkesson B, Thorsdottir I, Kolehmainen M, Uusitupa M, Poutanen K, Schwab U, Hanhineva K. Quantitative assessment of betainized compounds and associations with dietary and metabolic biomarkers in the randomized study of the healthy Nordic diet (SYSDIET). Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 110:1108-1118. [PMID: 31504116 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, a group of betainized compounds have been suggested to play a role in health effects in relation to a whole-grain-rich diet. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to develop a quantitative mass spectrometric method for selected betainized compounds in human plasma, and to investigate their association with nutrient intake and measures of metabolic health in participants of the SYSDIET study. METHODS The SYSDIET study was a controlled randomized intervention including individuals with metabolic syndrome, where the healthy Nordic diet (HND) group increased intakes of whole grains, canola oil, berries, and fish, whereas the control diet (CD) group consumed low-fiber cereal products, milk fat, and restricted amounts of fish and berries. A quantitative LC combined with triple quadrupole MS method for betainized compounds was developed and applied to fasting plasma samples from baseline (week 0) and the end of the intervention (week 18 or 24). Concentrations of betainized compounds were correlated with intakes of selected nutrients and fiber and measures of metabolic health. RESULTS Pipecolic acid betaine (PAB) concentrations were significantly higher in the HND group than in the CD group (P = 0.00032) at the end of the intervention and correlated directly (P < 0.0001) with intakes of dietary fiber (r = 0.376) and a biomarker related to whole-grain rye intake, namely the ratio of alkylresorcinol C17:0 to C21:0 (r = 0.442). PAB was associated inversely with fasting plasma insulin consistently at the beginning and at the end of the intervention (P < 0.001, r = -0.300; P < 0.01, r = -0.250, respectively), as well as IL-1 receptor antagonist (P < 0.01, r = -0.232 at the beginning; P < 0.01, r = -0.236 at the end) and serum LDL/HDL cholesterol (P < 0.01, r = -0.239 at the beginning; P < 0.01, r = -0.241 at the end). CONCLUSIONS Among adults with the metabolic syndrome, PAB plasma concentrations were associated with fasting insulin, inflammation, and lipids and were significantly increased with adoption of the HND. Further studies are needed to clarify the biological functions of betainized compounds. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00992641.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjo Tuomainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli Kärkkäinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jukka Leppänen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Auriola
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,LC-MS Metabolomics Center, Biocenter Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marko Lehtonen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,LC-MS Metabolomics Center, Biocenter Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku J Savolainen
- Medical Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kjeld Hermansen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ulf Risérus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Björn Åkesson
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Inga Thorsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kaisa Poutanen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Mödinger Y, Schön C, Wilhelm M, Hals PA. Plasma Kinetics of Choline and Choline Metabolites After A Single Dose of Superba BoostTM Krill Oil or Choline Bitartrate in Healthy Volunteers. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102548. [PMID: 31652561 PMCID: PMC6835836 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As an essential nutrient, the organic water-soluble compound choline is important for human health. Choline is required for numerous biological processes, including the synthesis of neurotransmitters, and it is an important prerequisite for structural integrity and the functioning of cells. A choline-rich diet provides crucial choline sources, yet additional choline dietary supplements might be needed to fully meet the body’s requirements. Dependent on the structure of choline in different sources, absorption and metabolism may differ and strongly impact the bioavailability of circulating choline. This study in healthy volunteers aimed to compare the pharmacokinetics of free choline and of selected choline metabolites between the single dose intake of phosphatidylcholine, present in SuperbaBoostTM krill oil, and choline bitartrate salt. Results demonstrate that albeit free choline levels in plasma were comparable between both choline sources, peak choline concentration was reached significantly later upon intake of SuperbaBoostTM. Moreover, the occurrence of choline metabolites differed between the study products. Levels of the biologically important metabolites betaine and dimethylglycine (DMG) were higher, while levels of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) were substantially lower upon intake of SuperbaBoostTM compared to choline bitartrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Mödinger
- BioTeSys GmbH, Schelztorstraße 54-56, 73728 Esslingen, Germany.
| | | | - Manfred Wilhelm
- Department of Mathematics, Natural and Economic Sciences, Ulm University of Applied Sciences, Albert-Einstein-Allee 55, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Petter-Arnt Hals
- Aker BioMarine Antarctic AS, Oksenøyveien 10, 1327 Lysaker, Norway.
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