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Barata R, Saavedra MJ, Almeida G. A Decade of Antimicrobial Resistance in Human and Animal Campylobacter spp. Isolates. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:904. [PMID: 39335077 PMCID: PMC11429304 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13090904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2024] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Campylobacter spp. remain a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, with resistance to antibiotics posing significant challenges to treatment and public health. This study examines profiles in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) for Campylobacter isolates from human and animal sources over the past decade. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive review of resistance data from studies spanning ten years, analyzing profiles in resistance to key antibiotics, ciprofloxacin (CIP), tetracycline (TET), erythromycin (ERY), chloramphenicol (CHL), and gentamicin (GEN). Data were collated from various regions to assess global and regional patterns of resistance. Results: The analysis reveals a concerning trend of increasing resistance patterns, particularly to CIP and TET, across multiple regions. While resistance to CHL and GEN remains relatively low, the high prevalence of CIP resistance has significantly compromised treatment options for campylobacteriosis. Discrepancies in resistance patterns were observed between human and animal isolates, with variations across different continents and countries. Notably, resistance to ERY and CHL showed regional variability, reflecting potential differences in antimicrobial usage and management practices. Conclusions: The findings underscore the ongoing challenge of AMR in Campylobacter, highlighting the need for continued surveillance and research. The rising resistance prevalence, coupled with discrepancies in resistance patterns between human and animal isolates, emphasize the importance of a One Health approach to address AMR. Enhanced monitoring, novel treatment strategies, and global cooperation are crucial for mitigating the impact of resistance and ensuring the effective management of Campylobacter-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Barata
- National Institute of Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal;
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Center for Veterinary and Animal Research (CECAV), Associated Laboratory of Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria José Saavedra
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Center for Veterinary and Animal Research (CECAV), Associated Laboratory of Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- AB2Unit—Antimicrobials, Biocides & Biofilms Unit, Veterinary Sciences Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Almeida
- National Institute of Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal;
- Center for Animal Science Studies (CECA-ICETA), Associated Laboratory of Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
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2
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Ayadi S, Hammouga R, Slim Majoul M, Jamoussi H, Zaimi Y, Mensi A, Fredj M, Mouelhi L. Guillain-Barré syndrome in ulcerative colitis and SARS-CoV-2 infection: a case report and literature review. Future Sci OA 2024; 10:FSO913. [PMID: 38817380 PMCID: PMC11137770 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) occurrence is rare during inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Its association with thrombotic vascular events, which are common during these two entities, is extremely rare. Case report: We report an exceptional association of GBS and cerebral venous thrombosis in a 28-year-old woman with active ulcerative colitis and no previous history of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Mildly symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection was diagnosed during etiological investigations of cerebral venous thrombosis. GBS symptoms began 10 days later with clinical and electrical abnormalities consistent with axonal GBS. Other GBS causes were excluded. Favorable outcomes were noted after intravenous immunoglobulin perfusion with full recovery 12 months later. Conclusion: Greater attention should be focused on IBD patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection regardless of its severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shema Ayadi
- Gastroenterology Department, Charles Nicolle University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rabeb Hammouga
- Gastroenterology Department, Charles Nicolle University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Slim Majoul
- Neurology Department, Charles Nicolle University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hela Jamoussi
- Neurology Department, Charles Nicolle University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yosra Zaimi
- Gastroenterology Department, Charles Nicolle University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Asma Mensi
- Gastroenterology Department, Charles Nicolle University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Fredj
- Neurology Department, Charles Nicolle University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Leila Mouelhi
- Gastroenterology Department, Charles Nicolle University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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Kato I, Minkevitch J, Sun J. Oncogenic potential of Campylobacter infection in the gastrointestinal tract: narrative review. Scand J Gastroenterol 2023; 58:1453-1465. [PMID: 37366241 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2023.2228954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of zoonotic gastroenteritis. The other emerging group of Campylobacters spp. are part of human oral commensal, represented by C. concisus (CC), which has been recently linked to non-oral conditions. Although long-term gastrointestinal (GI) complications from these two groups of Campylobacters have been previously reviewed individually, overall impact of Campylobacter infection on GI carcinogenesis and their inflammatory precursor lesions has not been assessed collectively. AIMS To evaluate the available evidence concerning the association between Campylobacter infection/colonization and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), reflux esophagitis/metaplasia colorectal cancer (CRC) and esophageal cancer (EC). METHODS We performed a comprehensive literature search of PubMed for relevant original publications and systematic reviews/meta-analyses of epidemiological and clinical studies. In addition, we gathered additional information concerning microbiological data, animal models and mechanistic data from in vitro studies. RESULTS Both retrospective and prospective studies on IBD showed relatively consistent increased risk associated with Campylobacter infection. Despite lack of supporting prospective studies, retrospective studies based on tissue/fecal microbiome revealed consistent enrichment of Campylobacter in CRC samples. Studies on EC precursor lesions (esophagitis and metaplasia) were generally supportive for the association with Campylobacter, while inconsistent observations on EC. Studies on both IBD and EC precursors suggested the predominant role of CC, but studies on CRC were not informative of species. CONCLUSIONS There is sufficient evidence calling for concerted effort in unveiling direct and indirect connection of this organism to colorectal and esophageal cancer in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Kato
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Julia Minkevitch
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, USA
- UIC Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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4
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Portes AB, Panzenhagen P, Pereira dos Santos AM, Junior CAC. Antibiotic Resistance in Campylobacter: A Systematic Review of South American Isolates. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030548. [PMID: 36978415 PMCID: PMC10044704 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, Campylobacter has become increasingly resistant to antibiotics, especially those first-choice drugs used to treat campylobacteriosis. Studies in South America have reported cases of antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter in several countries, mainly in Brazil. To understand the current frequency of antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter in humans, farm animals, and food of animal origin in South America, we systematically searched for different studies that have reported Campylobacter resistance. The most commonly reported species were C. jejuni and C. coli. Resistance to ciprofloxacin was found to be ubiquitous in the isolates. Nalidixic acid and tetracycline showed a significantly expressed resistance. Erythromycin, the antibiotic of first choice for the treatment of campylobacteriosis, showed a low rate of resistance in isolates but was detected in almost all countries. The main sources of antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter isolates were food of animal origin and farm animals. The results demonstrate that resistant Campylobacter isolates are disseminated from multiple sources linked to animal production in South America. The level of resistance that was identified may compromise the treatment of campylobacteriosis in human and animal populations. In this way, we are here showing all South American communities the need for the constant surveillance of Campylobacter resistance and the need for the strategic use of antibiotics in animal production. These actions are likely to decrease future difficulties in the treatment of human campylobacteriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beatriz Portes
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Hygiene and Technological Processing (PGHIGVET), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Vital Brazil Filho, Niterói 24220-000, Brazil
| | - Pedro Panzenhagen
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
- Analytical and Molecular Laboratorial Center (CLAn), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Anamaria Mota Pereira dos Santos
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Hygiene and Technological Processing (PGHIGVET), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Vital Brazil Filho, Niterói 24220-000, Brazil
| | - Carlos Adam Conte Junior
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Hygiene and Technological Processing (PGHIGVET), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Vital Brazil Filho, Niterói 24220-000, Brazil
- Analytical and Molecular Laboratorial Center (CLAn), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Food Science (PPGCAL), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Sanitary Surveillance (PPGVS), National Institute of Health Quality Control (INCQS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Chemistry (PGQu), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
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Yde Aagaard ME, Frahm Kirk K, Linde Nielsen H, Steffensen R, Nielsen H. Campylobacter concisus from chronic inflammatory bowel diseases stimulates IL-8 production in HT-29 cells. Gut Pathog 2023; 15:5. [PMID: 36782333 PMCID: PMC9926846 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-023-00532-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging pathogen Campylobacter concisus has been isolated from patients with gastrointestinal diseases; however, it is also present in the gut of healthy individuals. The aim of this study was to compare IL-8 production in HT-29 cells after infection with C. concisus from different gastrointestinal disease phenotypes. Additionally, to investigate whether differentiation of isolates in genomospecies (GS1 and GS2) or presence of the zot gene, encoding the Zot toxin, affects IL-8 production. A total of 37 C. concisus isolates from patients with microscopic colitis (n = 20), ulcerative colitis (n = 5), Crohn's disease (n = 5), diarrhoea (n = 2) and from healthy controls (n = 5) were used. Intestinal HT-29 cells were infected and incubated for 24 h. Supernatants were subsequently removed and analysed for IL-8 by MILLIPLEX. All isolates were able to stimulate IL-8 production and IL-8 levels were higher than in non-infected HT-29 cells. No difference was observed between disease phenotypes or GS1 and GS2, whereas presence of the zot gene showed a tendency towards higher IL-8 production. Further investigations in other inflammatory and physiological models are needed to conclude whether C. concisus strains from different gastrointestinal disease phenotypes differ in pathogenic potential and play a part in gastrointestinal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Emilie Yde Aagaard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Karina Frahm Kirk
- grid.27530.330000 0004 0646 7349Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Hans Linde Nielsen
- grid.5117.20000 0001 0742 471XDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Søndre Skovvej 15, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark ,grid.27530.330000 0004 0646 7349Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Mølleparkvej 10, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Rudi Steffensen
- grid.27530.330000 0004 0646 7349Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Urbansgade 32, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Henrik Nielsen
- grid.27530.330000 0004 0646 7349Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark ,grid.5117.20000 0001 0742 471XDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Søndre Skovvej 15, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
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Patterns of enteric infections in a population-wide cohort study of sequelae, British Columbia, Canada. Epidemiol Infect 2022; 151:e7. [PMID: 36515015 PMCID: PMC9990383 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268822001911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed patterns of enteric infections caused by 14 pathogens, in a longitudinal cohort study of sequelae in British Columbia (BC) Canada, 2005-2014. Our population cohort of 5.8 million individuals was followed for an average of 7.5 years/person; during this time, 40 523 individuals experienced 42 308 incident laboratory-confirmed, provincially reported enteric infections (96.4 incident infections per 100 000 person-years). Most individuals (38 882/40 523; 96%) had only one, but 4% had multiple concurrent infections or more than one infection across the study. Among individuals with more than one infection, the pathogens and combinations occurring most frequently per individual matched the pathogens occurring most frequently in the BC population. An additional 298 557 new fee-for-service physician visits and hospitalisations for enteric infections, that did not coincide with a reported enteric infection, also occurred, and some may be potentially unreported enteric infections. Our findings demonstrate that sequelae risk analyses should explore the possible impacts of multiple infections, and that estimating risk for individuals who may have had a potentially unreported enteric infection is warranted.
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Piazzesi A, Putignani L. Extremely small and incredibly close: Gut microbes as modulators of inflammation and targets for therapeutic intervention. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:958346. [PMID: 36071979 PMCID: PMC9441770 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.958346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark for a variety of disorders and is at least partially responsible for disease progression and poor patient health. In recent years, the microbiota inhabiting the human gut has been associated with not only intestinal inflammatory diseases but also those that affect the brain, liver, lungs, and joints. Despite a strong correlation between specific microbial signatures and inflammation, whether or not these microbes are disease markers or disease drivers is still a matter of debate. In this review, we discuss what is known about the molecular mechanisms by which the gut microbiota can modulate inflammation, both in the intestine and beyond. We identify the current gaps in our knowledge of biological mechanisms, discuss how these gaps have likely contributed to the uncertain outcome of fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotic clinical trials, and suggest how both mechanistic insight and -omics-based approaches can better inform study design and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Piazzesi
- Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenza Putignani
- Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Unit of Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology, Unit of Microbiomics and Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Lorenza Putignani,
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Campylobacter jejuni Serine Protease HtrA Induces Paracellular Transmigration of Microbiota across Polarized Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040521. [DOI: 10.3390/biom12040521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni represents an eminent zoonotic germ responsible for foodborne infections causing campylobacteriosis. In addition, infections with C. jejuni constitute a risk factor for the occurrence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In the latter case, patients show inflammatory reactions not only against C. jejuni, but also against the non-infectious microbiota. However, the involved mechanisms and molecular basis are still largely unclear. We recently reported that C. jejuni breaches the intestinal epithelial barrier by secretion of serine protease HtrA (high temperature requirement A), which cleaves several major tight and adherens junction proteins. In the present study, we aimed to study if HtrA-expressing C. jejuni may also trigger the transepithelial migration of non-pathogenic gastrointestinal microbiota. Using confocal immunofluorescence and scanning electron microscopy, we demonstrate that C. jejuni wild-type (wt) as well as the isogenic ∆htrA mutant bind to the surface of polarized intestinal Caco-2 epithelial cells, but do not invade them at the apical side. Instead, C. jejuni wt, but not ∆htrA mutant, disrupt the cellular junctions and transmigrate using the paracellular route between neighboring cells. Using transwell filter systems, we then co-incubated the cells with C. jejuni and non-invasive microbiota strains, either Escherichia coli or Lactococcus lactis. Interestingly, C. jejuni wt, but not ∆htrA mutant, induced the efficient transmigration of these microbiota bacteria into the basal compartment. Thus, infection of the intestinal epithelium with C. jejuni causes local opening of cellular junctions and paracellular translocation in an HtrA-dependent manner, which paves the way for transmigration of microbiota that is otherwise non-invasive. Taken together, these findings may have impacts on various Campylobacter-associated diseases such as IBD, which are discussed here.
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Yang JJ, Lee K. Epidemiologic Changes in Over 10 Years of Community-Acquired Bacterial Enteritis in Children. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 2022; 25:41-51. [PMID: 35087732 PMCID: PMC8762604 DOI: 10.5223/pghn.2022.25.1.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Community-acquired bacterial enteritis (CABE) is a common problem in developed countries. It is important to understand the epidemiologic changes in bacterial pathogens for prevention and treatment. Therefore, we studied the epidemiologic changes in CABE in Korean children. METHODS A total of 197 hospitalized pediatric patients aged <19 years that presented with dysentery symptoms and showed positive polymerase chain reaction results for bacterial species in stool samples, were enrolled in this study for 10 years (June 2010 to June 2020). We classified patients in phase I (06, 2010-06, 2015) and phase II (07, 2015-06, 2020) and analyzed their epidemiologic and clinical characteristics. RESULTS The most common pathogens were Campylobacter species (42.6%) and Salmonella species were the second most common pathogens (23.9%). The abundance of pathogens decreased in the following order: Clostridium difficile (9.6%), Shigella (5.6%), and Clostridium perfringens (5.6%). Escherichia coli O157:H7 was found to be the rarest pathogen (2.0%). Campylobacter species showed an increase in the infection rate from 32.1% in phase I to 49.6% in phase II (p=0.0011). Shigella species showed a decline in the infection rate in phase I from 14.1% to 0.0% in phase II (p<0.001). C. difficile and C. perfringens showed an increase in infection rate in phase II compared to phase I, but the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION The infection rate of Campylobacter species in CABE has been rising more recently, reaching almost 50%. This study may help establish policies for prevention and treatment of CABE in Korean children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Jin Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Kunsong Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
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Orlovska-Waast S, Petersen LV, Gasse C, Nordentoft M, Mortensen PB, Kondziella D, Benros ME. Cerebrospinal fluid test results and associations with subsequent mental disorders, neurological diseases, and CNS infections: A population-based cohort study. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 98:210-218. [PMID: 34390802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immune alterations have been associated with mental disorders, neurological disease, and CNS infections; however, comprehensive large-scale longitudinal CSF studies are lacking. METHODS By using the Clinical Laboratory Information System (LABKA) Research Database in the Central Denmark Region (1994-2012), we included 15,030 individuals tested for CSF WBC, CSF/serum albumin ratio, IgG index, total protein, albumin, or IgG with follow-up for the risk of mental disorders, psychotropic prescriptions, neurological diseases, or CNS infections, estimated by Cox regression. RESULTS Among individuals receiving a mental disorder diagnosis (N = 1,147) after a CSF test, 30·0% had an abnormal CSF test result, while for those with a neurological disease (N = 3,201), 39·9% had abnormal test results, and among individuals with CNS infections (N = 1,276), 73·0% had abnormal test results. Individuals with abnormal CSF test results had an increased risk of mental disorders (HR = 3·20; 95%CI = 2·86-3·59), neurological diseases (HR = 12·40; 95%CI = 11·65-13·20), and CNS infections (HR = 338·59; 95%CI = 299·06-383·35) compared to individuals not registered with a CSF test. However, the risk of mental disorders was higher (P < 0·001) after CSF test results within the normal range (HR = 4·45; 95%CI = 4·08-4·86), whereas for neurological diseases (HR = 9·72; 95%CI = 9·19-10·29) and CNS infections (HR = 55·17; 95%CI = 47·12-64·60), the risk was highest after abnormal CSF test results (all P < 0·001). The risk of organic mental disorders tended to be highest in individuals with abnormal CSF test results (HR = 19·30; 95%CI = 13·44-27·71) even though not significantly different from the risk in the group of individuals with CSF test results in the normal range (HR = 13·55; 95%CI = 9·36-19·60) (P ≥ 0·05). Abnormal CSF test results were associated with an elevated risk of psychotropic prescriptions (HR = 3·91; 95%CI = 3·66-4·18), as were CSF test results within the normal range (HR = 4·26; 95%CI = 4·03-4·51) (P < 0·05). CONCLUSIONS Immunological CSF abnormalities are associated with an increased risk of mental disorders, neurological disease, and particularly CNS infections; however, the included CSF parameters were not specific for mental disorders and the relevant CSF biomarkers in psychiatry are yet to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Orlovska-Waast
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health (CORE), Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 15 4th Floor, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark.
| | - Liselotte Vogdrup Petersen
- Centre for Integrated Register-Based Research at Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Denmark.
| | - Christiane Gasse
- Department of Depression and Anxiety and Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health (CORE), Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 15 4th Floor, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark.
| | - Preben Bo Mortensen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Denmark; National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Fuglesangs Allé 26, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark.
| | - Daniel Kondziella
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Inge Lehmanns Vej 8, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Michael Eriksen Benros
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health (CORE), Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 15 4th Floor, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark; National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Fuglesangs Allé 26, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark; Department of Immunology & Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Panzenhagen P, Portes AB, dos Santos AMP, Duque SDS, Conte Junior CA. The Distribution of Campylobacter jejuni Virulence Genes in Genomes Worldwide Derived from the NCBI Pathogen Detection Database. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1538. [PMID: 34680933 PMCID: PMC8535712 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) is responsible for 80% of human campylobacteriosis and is the leading cause of gastroenteritis globally. The relevant public health risks of C. jejuni are caused by particular virulence genes encompassing its virulome. We analyzed 40,371 publicly available genomes of C. jejuni deposited in the NCBI Pathogen Detection Database, combining their epidemiologic metadata with an in silico bioinformatics analysis to increase our current comprehension of their virulome from a global perspective. The collection presented a virulome composed of 126 identified virulence factors that were grouped in three clusters representing the accessory, the softcore, and the essential core genes according to their prevalence within the genomes. The multilocus sequence type distribution in the genomes was also investigated. An unexpected low prevalence of the full-length flagellin flaA and flaB locus of C. jejuni genomes was revealed, and an essential core virulence gene repertoire prevalent in more than 99.99% of genomes was identified. Altogether, this is a pioneer study regarding Campylobacter jejuni that has compiled a significant amount of data about the Multilocus Sequence Type and virulence factors concerning their global prevalence and distribution over this database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Panzenhagen
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, RJ, Brazil; (A.B.P.); (A.M.P.d.S.); (C.A.C.J.)
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Portes
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, RJ, Brazil; (A.B.P.); (A.M.P.d.S.); (C.A.C.J.)
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
| | - Anamaria M. P. dos Santos
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, RJ, Brazil; (A.B.P.); (A.M.P.d.S.); (C.A.C.J.)
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sheila da Silva Duque
- Collection of Campylobacter, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Carlos Adam Conte Junior
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, RJ, Brazil; (A.B.P.); (A.M.P.d.S.); (C.A.C.J.)
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Food Science (PPGCAL), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Hygiene (PPGHV), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Vital Brazil Filho, Niterói 24230-340, RJ, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Sanitary Surveillance (PPGVS), National Institute of Health Quality Control (INCQS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Chemistry (PGQu), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
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Antunes JC, Seabra CL, Domingues JM, Teixeira MO, Nunes C, Costa-Lima SA, Homem NC, Reis S, Amorim MTP, Felgueiras HP. Drug Targeting of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases by Biomolecules. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11082035. [PMID: 34443866 PMCID: PMC8401460 DOI: 10.3390/nano11082035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of disabling, destructive and incurable immune-mediated inflammatory diseases comprising Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), disorders that are highly prevalent worldwide and demand a large investment in healthcare. A persistent inflammatory state enables the dysfunction and destruction of healthy tissue, hindering the initiation and endurance of wound healing. Current treatments are ineffective at counteracting disease progression. Further, increased risk of serious side effects, other comorbidities and/or opportunistic infections highlight the need for effective treatment options. Gut microbiota, the key to preserving a healthy state, may, alternatively, increase a patient’s susceptibility to IBD onset and development given a relevant bacterial dysbiosis. Hence, the main goal of this review is to showcase the main conventional and emerging therapies for IBD, including microbiota-inspired untargeted and targeted approaches (such as phage therapy) to infection control. Special recognition is given to existing targeted strategies with biologics (via monoclonal antibodies, small molecules and nucleic acids) and stimuli-responsive (pH-, enzyme- and reactive oxygen species-triggered release), polymer-based nanomedicine that is specifically directed towards the regulation of inflammation overload (with some nanosystems additionally functionalized with carbohydrates or peptides directed towards M1-macrophages). The overall goal is to restore gut balance and decrease IBD’s societal impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Costa Antunes
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (J.M.D.); (M.O.T.); (N.C.H.); (M.T.P.A.); (H.P.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-253-510-289
| | - Catarina Leal Seabra
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV), Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.L.S.); (C.N.); (S.A.C.-L.); (S.R.)
| | - Joana Margarida Domingues
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (J.M.D.); (M.O.T.); (N.C.H.); (M.T.P.A.); (H.P.F.)
| | - Marta Oliveira Teixeira
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (J.M.D.); (M.O.T.); (N.C.H.); (M.T.P.A.); (H.P.F.)
| | - Cláudia Nunes
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV), Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.L.S.); (C.N.); (S.A.C.-L.); (S.R.)
| | - Sofia Antunes Costa-Lima
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV), Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.L.S.); (C.N.); (S.A.C.-L.); (S.R.)
| | - Natália Cândido Homem
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (J.M.D.); (M.O.T.); (N.C.H.); (M.T.P.A.); (H.P.F.)
| | - Salette Reis
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV), Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.L.S.); (C.N.); (S.A.C.-L.); (S.R.)
| | - Maria Teresa Pessoa Amorim
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (J.M.D.); (M.O.T.); (N.C.H.); (M.T.P.A.); (H.P.F.)
| | - Helena Prado Felgueiras
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (J.M.D.); (M.O.T.); (N.C.H.); (M.T.P.A.); (H.P.F.)
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Nielsen HL, Dalager-Pedersen M, Nielsen H. High risk of microscopic colitis after Campylobacter concisus infection: population-based cohort study. Gut 2020; 69:1952-1958. [PMID: 32111632 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Microscopic colitis (MC) encompasses the two histopathological distinct entities of collagenous colitis (CC) and lymphocytic colitis (LC). In this Danish population-based cohort study, we examined the risk of MC following stool culture with Campylobacter concisus, C. jejuni, non-typhoidal Salmonella or a culture-negative stool test. DESIGN We identified patients with a first-time positive stool culture with C. concisus, C. jejuni, non-typhoidal Salmonella or negative stool test, from 2009 through 2013 in North Denmark Region, Denmark, and matched each with 10 population comparisons. All subjects were followed up until 1 March 2018 using Systematised Nomenclature of Medicine codes from The Danish Pathology Register for incident diagnoses of CC and LC. We computed risk and adjusted HRs with 95% CIs for MC among patients and comparisons. RESULTS We identified 962 patients with C. concisus, 1725 with C. jejuni, 446 with Salmonella and 11 825 patients with culture-negative stools. The MC risk and HR versus comparisons were high for patients with C. concisus (risk 6.2%, HR 32.4 (95% CI 18.9 to 55.6)), less for C. jejuni (risk 0.6%, HR 3.7 (95% CI 1.8 to 7.7)), low for Salmonella (risk 0.4%, HR 2.2 (95% CI 0.5 to 10.8)) and for patients with negative stool testing (risk 3.3%, HR 19.6 (95% CI 16.4 to 23.4)). After exclusion of the first year of follow-up, the HRs were 9.3 (95% CI 4.1 to 20.1), 2.2 (95% CI 0.9 to 5.4), 1.3 (95% CI 0.2 to 11.1) and 5.6 (95% CI 4.6 to 7.2), respectively. CONCLUSION A high risk of MC was observed following C. concisus in stools. Further studies are needed to elucidate any underlying biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Linde Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark .,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Michael Dalager-Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Henrik Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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A One Health approach to prevention, treatment, and control of campylobacteriosis. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2020; 32:453-460. [PMID: 31305492 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000000570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review recent findings regarding the control and treatment of campylobacteriosis. RECENT FINDINGS The application of improved diagnostics has led to an upward shift in the attributable burden of Campylobacter infections, in both the United States and Europe as well as in resource-poor settings. Increased focus has brought a fundamental feature of campylobacteriosis -- the ability to cause relapsing disease back into focus, and expanding data on antimicrobial resistance has lead from a switch in first-line therapy for severe diarrhea from quinolones to azithromycin in most contexts, even as evidence of expanding macrolide resistance emerges. SUMMARY Campylobacter spp. infection is a common infection worldwide. Antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter spp. has become an emerging threat with the increase in industrial poultry production, as well as the broad use of antibiotics in both animals and humans.
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Hoffmann S, Scallan Walter E. Acute Complications and Sequelae from Foodborne Infections: Informing Priorities for Cost of Foodborne Illness Estimates. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019; 17:172-177. [PMID: 31593489 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2019.2664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cost of foodborne illness (CoFI) estimates provide estimates of the overall impact of foodborne illnesses, including hospitalizations, long-term complications, and deaths. CoFI estimates are needed in countries that require cost-benefit analysis as part of the process of adopting new regulations, as is the case in the United States. Monetary estimates of the impact of disease also provide a meaningful way of communicating with the public about the impact of foodborne disease. In 2014, researchers at the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service (ERS), published CoFI estimates for 15 pathogens that account for roughly 95% of illnesses and deaths from the 31 major foodborne pathogens included in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) foodborne disease incidence estimates. ERS is currently updating their estimates to include all 31 known pathogens and unspecific agents included in CDC incidence estimates. CoFI estimates are based on quantitative models of the health outcomes people experience as a result of these illnesses and an assessment of the costs associated with these health outcomes. Research on the incidence of foodborne disease provides a starting point for this disease modeling, but it usually must be supplemented by other additional synthesis of research on acute complications and long-term health outcomes of different foodborne diseases. As part of its current work revising CoFI estimates, ERS convened a workshop attended by leading foodborne disease public health scientists to discuss how changes in scientific research on the incidence and outcomes of foodborne illnesses should inform the next revision of ERS's CoFI estimates. This article presents a summary, based on discussion at this workshop, of the state of scientific research available to inform updated economic modeling of the CoFI in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Hoffmann
- Food Economics Division, USDA Economic Research Service, Washington, District of Columbia
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