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Cash-Goldwasser S, Beeson A, Marzec N, Ho DY, Hogan CA, Budvytiene I, Banaei N, Born DE, Gephart MH, Patel J, Dietrich EA, Nelson CA. Neuroinvasive Francisella tularensis Infection: Report of 2 Cases and Review of the Literature. Clin Infect Dis 2024; 78:S55-S63. [PMID: 38294117 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinvasive infection with Francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia, is rare. Establishing clinical suspicion is challenging if risk factors or clinical features classically associated with tularemia are absent. Tularemia is treatable with antibiotics; however, there are limited data to inform management of potentially fatal neuroinvasive infection. METHODS We collected epidemiologic and clinical data on 2 recent US cases of neuroinvasive F. tularensis infection, and performed a literature review of cases of neuroinvasive F. tularensis infection published after 1950. RESULTS One patient presented with focal neurologic deficits and brain lesions; broad-range molecular testing on resected brain tissue detected F. tularensis. The other patient presented with meningeal signs; tularemia was suspected based on animal exposure, and F. tularensis grew in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture. Both patients received combination antibiotic therapy and recovered from infection. Among 16 published cases, tularemia was clinically suspected in 4 cases. CSF often displayed lymphocytic pleocytosis. Among cases with available data, CSF culture was positive in 13 of 16 cases, and F. tularensis antibodies were detected in 11 of 11 cases. Treatment typically included an aminoglycoside combined with either a tetracycline or a fluoroquinolone. Outcomes were generally favorable. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians should consider neuroinvasive F. tularensis infection in patients with meningitis and signs suggestive of tularemia or compatible exposures, lymphocyte-predominant CSF, unrevealing standard microbiologic workup, or lack of response to empiric bacterial meningitis treatment. Molecular testing, culture, and serologic testing can reveal the diagnosis. Favorable outcomes can be achieved with directed antibiotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shama Cash-Goldwasser
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Amy Beeson
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Natalie Marzec
- Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Dora Y Ho
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Catherine A Hogan
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Indre Budvytiene
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Niaz Banaei
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Donald E Born
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Melanie H Gephart
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth A Dietrich
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Christina A Nelson
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Maurin M, Pondérand L, Hennebique A, Pelloux I, Boisset S, Caspar Y. Tularemia treatment: experimental and clinical data. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1348323. [PMID: 38298538 PMCID: PMC10827922 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1348323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Tularemia is a zoonosis caused by the Gram negative, facultative intracellular bacterium Francisella tularensis. This disease has multiple clinical presentations according to the route of infection, the virulence of the infecting bacterial strain, and the underlying medical condition of infected persons. Systemic infections (e.g., pneumonic and typhoidal form) and complications are rare but may be life threatening. Most people suffer from local infection (e.g., skin ulcer, conjunctivitis, or pharyngitis) with regional lymphadenopathy, which evolve to suppuration in about 30% of patients and a chronic course of infection. Current treatment recommendations have been established to manage acute infections in the context of a biological threat and do not consider the great variability of clinical situations. This review summarizes literature data on antibiotic efficacy against F. tularensis in vitro, in animal models, and in humans. Empirical treatment with beta-lactams, most macrolides, or anti-tuberculosis agents is usually ineffective. The aminoglycosides gentamicin and streptomycin remain the gold standard for severe infections, and the fluoroquinolones and doxycycline for infections of mild severity, although current data indicate the former are usually more effective. However, the antibiotic treatments reported in the literature are highly variable in their composition and duration depending on the clinical manifestations, the age and health status of the patient, the presence of complications, and the evolution of the disease. Many patients received several antibiotics in combination or successively. Whatever the antibiotic treatment administered, variable but high rates of treatment failures and relapses are still observed, especially in patients treated more then 2-3 weeks after disease onset. In these patients, surgical treatment is often necessary for cure, including drainage or removal of suppurative lymph nodes or other infectious foci. It is currently difficult to establish therapeutic recommendations, particularly due to lack of comparative randomized studies. However, we have attempted to summarize current knowledge through proposals for improving tularemia treatment which will have to be discussed by a group of experts. A major factor in improving the prognosis of patients with tularemia is the early administration of appropriate treatment, which requires better medical knowledge and diagnostic strategy of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Maurin
- Centre National de Référence Francisella tularensis, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Translational Innovation in Medicine and Complexity (TIMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Grenoble, France
| | - Léa Pondérand
- Centre National de Référence Francisella tularensis, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Commissariat à l’énergie atomique (CEA), CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Grenoble, France
| | - Aurélie Hennebique
- Centre National de Référence Francisella tularensis, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Translational Innovation in Medicine and Complexity (TIMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Grenoble, France
| | - Isabelle Pelloux
- Centre National de Référence Francisella tularensis, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Sandrine Boisset
- Centre National de Référence Francisella tularensis, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Commissariat à l’énergie atomique (CEA), CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Grenoble, France
| | - Yvan Caspar
- Centre National de Référence Francisella tularensis, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Commissariat à l’énergie atomique (CEA), CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Grenoble, France
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McEntire CRS, Song KW, McInnis RP, Rhee JY, Young M, Williams E, Wibecan LL, Nolan N, Nagy AM, Gluckstein J, Mukerji SS, Mateen FJ. Neurologic Manifestations of the World Health Organization's List of Pandemic and Epidemic Diseases. Front Neurol 2021; 12:634827. [PMID: 33692745 PMCID: PMC7937722 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.634827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) monitors the spread of diseases globally and maintains a list of diseases with epidemic or pandemic potential. Currently listed diseases include Chikungunya, cholera, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Ebola virus disease, Hendra virus infection, influenza, Lassa fever, Marburg virus disease, Neisseria meningitis, MERS-CoV, monkeypox, Nipah virus infection, novel coronavirus (COVID-19), plague, Rift Valley fever, SARS, smallpox, tularemia, yellow fever, and Zika virus disease. The associated pathogens are increasingly important on the global stage. The majority of these diseases have neurological manifestations. Those with less frequent neurological manifestations may also have important consequences. This is highlighted now in particular through the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and reinforces that pathogens with the potential to spread rapidly and widely, in spite of concerted global efforts, may affect the nervous system. We searched the scientific literature, dating from 1934 to August 2020, to compile data on the cause, epidemiology, clinical presentation, neuroimaging features, and treatment of each of the diseases of epidemic or pandemic potential as viewed through a neurologist's lens. We included articles with an abstract or full text in English in this topical and scoping review. Diseases with epidemic and pandemic potential can be spread directly from human to human, animal to human, via mosquitoes or other insects, or via environmental contamination. Manifestations include central neurologic conditions (meningitis, encephalitis, intraparenchymal hemorrhage, seizures), peripheral and cranial nerve syndromes (sensory neuropathy, sensorineural hearing loss, ophthalmoplegia), post-infectious syndromes (acute inflammatory polyneuropathy), and congenital syndromes (fetal microcephaly), among others. Some diseases have not been well-characterized from a neurological standpoint, but all have at least scattered case reports of neurological features. Some of the diseases have curative treatments available while in other cases, supportive care remains the only management option. Regardless of the pathogen, prompt, and aggressive measures to control the spread of these agents are the most important factors in lowering the overall morbidity and mortality they can cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb R. S. McEntire
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH)-Brigham Neurology Residency Program, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kun-Wei Song
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH)-Brigham Neurology Residency Program, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert P. McInnis
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH)-Brigham Neurology Residency Program, Boston, MA, United States
| | - John Y. Rhee
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH)-Brigham Neurology Residency Program, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michael Young
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH)-Brigham Neurology Residency Program, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Erika Williams
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH)-Brigham Neurology Residency Program, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Leah L. Wibecan
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH)-Brigham Pediatric Neurology Residency Program, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Neal Nolan
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH)-Brigham Neurology Residency Program, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Amanda M. Nagy
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH)-Brigham Pediatric Neurology Residency Program, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jeffrey Gluckstein
- Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH)-Brigham Neurology Residency Program, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shibani S. Mukerji
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Farrah J. Mateen
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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Darmon-Curti A, Darmon F, Edouard S, Hennebique A, Guimard T, Martin-Blondel G, Klopfenstein T, Talarmin JP, Raoult D, Maurin M, Fournier PE. Tularemia: A Case Series of Patients Diagnosed at the National Reference Center for Rickettsioses From 2008 to 2017. Open Forum Infect Dis 2020; 7:ofaa440. [PMID: 33209946 PMCID: PMC7651688 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We describe the epidemiological, clinical, and prognostic aspects of 177 tularemia cases diagnosed at the National Reference Center for rickettsioses, coxiellosis, and bartonelloses between 2008 and 2017. METHODS All patients with a microbiological diagnosis of tularemia made in the laboratory were included. Clinical and epidemiological data were collected retrospectively from clinicians in charge of patients using a standardized questionnaire. Diagnostic methods used were indirect immunofluorescence serology, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and universal PCR targeting the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene. RESULTS The series included 54 females and 123 males (sex ratio, 2.28; mean age, 47.38 years). Eighty-nine (50.2%) were confirmed as having tularemia on the basis of a positive Francisella tularensis PCR or seroconversion, and 88 (49.8%) were considered as probable due to a single positive serum. The regions of France that were most affected included Pays de la Loire (22% of cases), Nouvelle Aquitaine (18.6% of cases), and Grand Est (12.4% of cases). Patients became infected mainly through contact with rodents or game (38 cases, 21.4%), through tick-bites (23 cases, 12.9%), or during outdoor leisure activities (37 cases, 20.9%). Glandular and ulceroglandular forms were the most frequent (109 cases, 61.5%). Two aortitis, an infectious endocarditis, a myocarditis, an osteoarticular infection, and a splenic hematoma were also diagnosed. Tularemia was discovered incidentally in 54.8% of cases. Seventy-eight patients were hospitalized, and no deaths were reported. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that in an endemic area and/or in certain epidemiological contexts, tularemia should be sought to allow an optimized antibiotic therapy and a faster recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Darmon-Curti
- Aix Marseille University, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD), MEPHI, Institut Hospitalo Universitaire (IHU)-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - François Darmon
- Laboratoire d'Informatique Gaspard-Monge (LIGM), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8049, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, UPE, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Sophie Edouard
- Aix Marseille University, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD), MEPHI, Institut Hospitalo Universitaire (IHU)-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Aurélie Hennebique
- Centre National de Référence des Francisella, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, TIMC-IMAG, Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas Guimard
- Infectious Diseases and Emergency Department, Centre Hospitalier de La Roche sur Yon, La Roche-sur-Yon, France
| | - Guillaume Martin-Blondel
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- UMR INSERM/CNRS 1043, Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Jean-Philippe Talarmin
- Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier de Cornouaille, Quimper, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix Marseille University, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD), MEPHI, Institut Hospitalo Universitaire (IHU)-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Centre National de Référence des Rickettsia, Coxiella et Bartonella, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Max Maurin
- Centre National de Référence des Francisella, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, TIMC-IMAG, Grenoble, France
| | - Pierre-Edouard Fournier
- Centre National de Référence des Rickettsia, Coxiella et Bartonella, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, Service de Santé des Armées, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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van Samkar A, Brouwer MC, van der Ende A, van de Beek D. Zoonotic bacterial meningitis in human adults. Neurology 2016; 87:1171-9. [PMID: 27534710 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000003101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the epidemiology, etiology, clinical characteristics, treatment, outcome, and prevention of zoonotic bacterial meningitis in human adults. METHODS We identified 16 zoonotic bacteria causing meningitis in adults. RESULTS Zoonotic bacterial meningitis is uncommon compared to bacterial meningitis caused by human pathogens, and the incidence has a strong regional distribution. Zoonotic bacterial meningitis is mainly associated with animal contact, consumption of animal products, and an immunocompromised state of the patient. In a high proportion of zoonotic bacterial meningitis cases, CSF analysis showed only a mildly elevated leukocyte count. The recommended antibiotic therapy differs per pathogen, and the overall mortality is low. CONCLUSIONS Zoonotic bacterial meningitis is uncommon but is associated with specific complications. The suspicion should be raised in patients with bacterial meningitis who have recreational or professional contact with animals and in patients living in regions endemic for specific zoonotic pathogens. An immunocompromised state is associated with a worse prognosis. Identification of risk factors and underlying disease is necessary to improve treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha van Samkar
- From the Departments of Neurology (A.v.S., M.C.B., D.v.d.B.) and Medical Microbiology (A.v.d.E.), Academic Medical Centre, Centre of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam; and Academic Medical Centre (A.v.d.E.), Netherlands Reference Laboratory for Bacterial Meningitis
| | - Matthijs C Brouwer
- From the Departments of Neurology (A.v.S., M.C.B., D.v.d.B.) and Medical Microbiology (A.v.d.E.), Academic Medical Centre, Centre of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam; and Academic Medical Centre (A.v.d.E.), Netherlands Reference Laboratory for Bacterial Meningitis
| | - Arie van der Ende
- From the Departments of Neurology (A.v.S., M.C.B., D.v.d.B.) and Medical Microbiology (A.v.d.E.), Academic Medical Centre, Centre of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam; and Academic Medical Centre (A.v.d.E.), Netherlands Reference Laboratory for Bacterial Meningitis
| | - Diederik van de Beek
- From the Departments of Neurology (A.v.S., M.C.B., D.v.d.B.) and Medical Microbiology (A.v.d.E.), Academic Medical Centre, Centre of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam; and Academic Medical Centre (A.v.d.E.), Netherlands Reference Laboratory for Bacterial Meningitis.
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Maurin M, Gyuranecz M. Tularaemia: clinical aspects in Europe. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2016; 16:113-124. [PMID: 26738841 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(15)00355-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Tularaemia is a zoonotic disease caused by Francisella tularensis, a Gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacterium. Typically, human and animal infections are caused by F tularensis subspecies tularensis (type A) strains mainly in Canada and USA, and F tularensis subspecies holarctica (type B) strains throughout the northern hemisphere, including Europe. In the past, the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic, and prognostic aspects of tularaemia reported in the English medical literature were mainly those that had been reported in the USA, where the disease was first described. Tularaemia has markedly changed in the past decade, and a large number of studies have provided novel data for the disease characteristics in Europe. In this Review we aim to emphasise the specific and variable aspects of tularaemia in different European countries. In particular, two natural lifecycles of F tularensis have been described in this continent, although not fully characterised, which are associated with different modes of transmission, clinical features, and public health burdens of tularaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Maurin
- Centre National de Référence des Francisella, Département des Agents Infectieux, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, cedex 9, France; Université Grenoble Alpes and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire Adaptation et Pathogénie des Microorganismes, IMR 5163, Grenoble, France.
| | - Miklós Gyuranecz
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; OIE Reference Laboratory for Tularemia, Budapest, Country
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Long-Lasting Fever and Lymphadenitis: Think about F. tularensis. Case Rep Med 2015; 2015:191406. [PMID: 26612988 PMCID: PMC4646983 DOI: 10.1155/2015/191406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the case of glandular tularemia that developed in a man supposedly infected by a tick bite in Western Switzerland. Francisella tularensis (F. tularensis) was identified. In Europe tularemia most commonly manifests itself as ulcero-glandular or glandular disease; the diagnosis of tularemia may be delayed in glandular form where skin or mucous lesion is absent, particularly in areas which are assumed to have a low incidence of the disease.
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Bencurova E, Kovac A, Pulzova L, Gyuranecz M, Mlynarcik P, Mucha R, Vlachakis D, Kossida S, Flachbartova Z, Bhide M. Deciphering the protein interaction in adhesion of Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica to the endothelial cells. Microb Pathog 2015; 81:6-15. [PMID: 25769821 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular form of Francisella is able to cross various cell barriers and invade multiple organs, such as skin, liver, lung and central nervous system. Transient adhesion of Francisella to endothelial cells may trigger the process of translocation. In this report, we showed that Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica (Fth) is able to adhere to the endothelial cells, while ICAM-1 may serve as an adhesion molecule for Fth. Pull down and affinity ligand binding assays indicated that the PilE4 could be the probable ligand for ICAM-1. Further deciphering of this ligand:receptor interaction revealed that PilE4 interacts with Ig-like C2-type 1 domain of ICAM-1. To corroborate the role of PilE4 and ICAM-1 interaction in adhesion of extracellular form of Fth to endothelial cells, ICAM-1 was blocked with monoclonal anti-ICAM-1 antibody prior to the incubation with Fth and numbers of adherent bacteria were counted. Blocking of the ICAM-1 significantly reduced (500-fold, P < 0.05) number of adherent Fth compared to unblocked cells. PilE4:ICAM-1 interaction unfolded here may provide a new perspective on molecules involved in the adhesion of extracellular form of Francisella to endothelial cells and probably its translocation across endothelial barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bencurova
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Andrej Kovac
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Pulzova
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Miklós Gyuranecz
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1581 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Patrik Mlynarcik
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Rastislav Mucha
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dimitrios Vlachakis
- Bioinformatics & Medical Informatics Team, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Sophia Kossida
- Bioinformatics & Medical Informatics Team, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Zuzana Flachbartova
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Mangesh Bhide
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Zhou C, Yang Y, Zhang H. Guillain-Barré syndrome and ulceroglandular tularemia. Infection 2013; 41:1199. [PMID: 23896779 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-013-0515-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
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Ylipalosaari P, Ala-Kokko TI, Tuominen H, Syrjälä H. Guillain–Barré syndrome and ulceroglandular tularemia. Infection 2013; 41:881-3. [DOI: 10.1007/s15010-013-0466-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Contentin L, Soret J, Zamfir O, Gontier O, Lherm T, Hamrouni M, Ouchenir A, Monchamps G, Kalfon P. Francisella tularensis meningitis. Med Mal Infect 2011; 41:556-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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