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André C, Bodeau S, Kamel S, Bennis Y, Caillard P. The AKI-to-CKD Transition: The Role of Uremic Toxins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16152. [PMID: 38003343 PMCID: PMC10671582 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
After acute kidney injury (AKI), renal function continues to deteriorate in some patients. In a pro-inflammatory and profibrotic environment, the proximal tubules are subject to maladaptive repair. In the AKI-to-CKD transition, impaired recovery from AKI reduces tubular and glomerular filtration and leads to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Reduced kidney secretion capacity is characterized by the plasma accumulation of biologically active molecules, referred to as uremic toxins (UTs). These toxins have a role in the development of neurological, cardiovascular, bone, and renal complications of CKD. However, UTs might also cause CKD as well as be the consequence. Recent studies have shown that these molecules accumulate early in AKI and contribute to the establishment of this pro-inflammatory and profibrotic environment in the kidney. The objective of the present work was to review the mechanisms of UT toxicity that potentially contribute to the AKI-to-CKD transition in each renal compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille André
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Amiens Medical Center, 80000 Amiens, France; (S.B.); (Y.B.)
- GRAP Laboratory, INSERM UMR 1247, University of Picardy Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France
| | - Sandra Bodeau
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Amiens Medical Center, 80000 Amiens, France; (S.B.); (Y.B.)
- MP3CV Laboratory, UR UPJV 7517, University of Picardy Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France; (S.K.); (P.C.)
| | - Saïd Kamel
- MP3CV Laboratory, UR UPJV 7517, University of Picardy Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France; (S.K.); (P.C.)
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Amiens Medical Center, 80000 Amiens, France
| | - Youssef Bennis
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Amiens Medical Center, 80000 Amiens, France; (S.B.); (Y.B.)
- MP3CV Laboratory, UR UPJV 7517, University of Picardy Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France; (S.K.); (P.C.)
| | - Pauline Caillard
- MP3CV Laboratory, UR UPJV 7517, University of Picardy Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France; (S.K.); (P.C.)
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Amiens Medical Center, 80000 Amiens, France
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Jablonska P, Mierzejewska P, Kutryb-Zajac B, Rzyman W, Dziadziuszko R, Polanska J, Sitkiewicz M, Smolenski RT, Slominska EM. Increased plasma concentration of 4-pyridone-3-carboxamide-1-ß-D-ribonucleoside (4PYR) in lung cancer. Preliminary studies. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 38:781-787. [PMID: 30990116 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2019.1600705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
4-pyridone-3-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribonucleoside (4PYR) is a new nicotinamide derivative, which is potentially toxic to the endothelium. Dysfunction of the endothelium promotes cancer cell proliferation, invasiveness, and inflammatory signaling. The aim of this study was to analyze 4PYR concentration in the plasma of lung cancer patients and its relationship to other known biochemical parameters associated with the endothelium function. The concentration of 4PYR, nicotinamide, 1-methylnicotinamide (MNA), amino acids, and their derivatives were measured in samples obtained from patients with primary squamous cell carcinoma (n = 48) and control group (n = 100). The concentration of 4PYR and 4PYR/MNA ratio were significantly higher in lung cancer patients as compared to controls (0.099 ± 0.009 vs. 0.066 ± 0.006 µmol/L and 1.10 ± 0.08 vs. 1.97 ± 0.15, respectively). The plasma arginine/asymmetric dimethylarginine (Arg/ADMA) ratio was considerably lower in lung cancer patients (253 ± 17 vs. 369 ± 19) as well as plasma MNA (0.057 ± 0.004 vs. 0.069 ± 0.003 µmol/L). There was no difference in the plasma concentrations of nicotinamide and nicotinamide riboside in both groups (0.116 ± 0.019 vs. 0.131 ± 0.014 and 0.102 ± 0.006 vs. 0.113 ± 0.011, respectively). In this study, a higher 4PYR concentration was observed for the first time in patients with squamous cell carcinoma. This change may be related to the endothelial dysfunction that promote cancer progression since 4PYR and its derivatives are known to disrupt glycolytic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Jablonska
- a Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
| | | | | | - Witold Rzyman
- b Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
| | - Rafal Dziadziuszko
- c Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
| | - Joanna Polanska
- d Institute of Automatic Control, Electronics, and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology , Gliwice , Poland
| | - Magdalena Sitkiewicz
- b Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
| | - Ryszard T Smolenski
- a Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
| | - Ewa M Slominska
- a Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
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Reduced levels of N'-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide and lysophosphatidylcholine 16:0 in the serum of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and the correlation with recurrence-free survival. Oncotarget 2017; 8:112598-112609. [PMID: 29348849 PMCID: PMC5762534 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We searched for metabolic biomarkers that may predict the prognosis of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC). To this end, a total of 237 serum samples were obtained from IHCC patients (n = 87) and healthy controls (n = 150), and serum metabolites were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Two stratified algorithms were used to select the metabolites, the levels of which predicted the prognosis of IHCC patients. We performed MS/MS and multiple-reaction-monitoring MS analyses to identify and quantify the selected metabolites. Continuous biomarker levels were dichotomized based on cutoffs that maximized between-group differences in recurrence-free survival (RFS) in terms of the log-rank test statistic. These RFS differences were analyzed using the log-rank test, and survival curves were drawn with the aid of the Kaplan–Meier method. Six metabolites (l-glutamine, lysophosphatidylcholine [LPC] 16:0, LPC 18:0, N’-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide [2PY], fibrinopeptide A [FPA] and uric acid) were identified as candidate metabolic biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of IHCC patients. Of these metabolites, levels of l-glutamine, uric acid, LPC 16:0, and LPC 18:0 were significantly lower in the serum from IHCC patients, whereas levels of 2PY and FPA were significantly higher (p < 0.01). 2PY and LPC 16:0 showed significantly better RFS at low level than high level (2PY, median RFS: 15.16 months vs. 5.90 months, p = 0.037; LPC 16:0, median RFS: 15.62 months vs. 9.83 months, p = 0.035). The findings of this study suggest that 2PY and LPC 16:0 identified by metabolome-based approaches may be useful biomarkers for IHCC patients.
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Florens N, Calzada C, Lyasko E, Juillard L, Soulage CO. Modified Lipids and Lipoproteins in Chronic Kidney Disease: A New Class of Uremic Toxins. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:E376. [PMID: 27999257 PMCID: PMC5198570 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8120376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with an enhanced oxidative stress and deep modifications in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. First, many oxidized lipids accumulate in CKD and were shown to exert toxic effects on cells and tissues. These lipids are known to interfere with many cell functions and to be pro-apoptotic and pro-inflammatory, especially in the cardiovascular system. Some, like F2-isoprostanes, are directly correlated with CKD progression. Their accumulation, added to their noxious effects, rendered their nomination as uremic toxins credible. Similarly, lipoproteins are deeply altered by CKD modifications, either in their metabolism or composition. These impairments lead to impaired effects of HDL on their normal effectors and may strongly participate in accelerated atherosclerosis and failure of statins in end-stage renal disease patients. This review describes the impact of oxidized lipids and other modifications in the natural history of CKD and its complications. Moreover, this review focuses on the modifications of lipoproteins and their impact on the emergence of cardiovascular diseases in CKD as well as the appropriateness of considering them as actual mediators of uremic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nans Florens
- CarMeN, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, INSA de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Department of Nephrology, Hôpital E. Herriot, F-69003 Lyon, France.
| | - Catherine Calzada
- CarMeN, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, INSA de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Egor Lyasko
- CarMeN, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, INSA de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Laurent Juillard
- CarMeN, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, INSA de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Department of Nephrology, Hôpital E. Herriot, F-69003 Lyon, France.
| | - Christophe O Soulage
- CarMeN, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, INSA de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
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Khoury T, Tzukert K, Abel R, Abu Rmeileh A, Levi R, Ilan Y. The gut-kidney axis in chronic renal failure: A new potential target for therapy. Hemodial Int 2016; 21:323-334. [DOI: 10.1111/hdi.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tawfik Khoury
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Liver Units; Jerusalem Israel
| | - Keren Tzukert
- Department of Nephrology; Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center; Jerusalem Israel
| | - Roy Abel
- Department of Nephrology; Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center; Jerusalem Israel
| | - Ayman Abu Rmeileh
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Liver Units; Jerusalem Israel
| | - Ronen Levi
- Department of Nephrology; Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center; Jerusalem Israel
| | - Yaron Ilan
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Liver Units; Jerusalem Israel
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Sekula P, Goek ON, Quaye L, Barrios C, Levey AS, Römisch-Margl W, Menni C, Yet I, Gieger C, Inker LA, Adamski J, Gronwald W, Illig T, Dettmer K, Krumsiek J, Oefner PJ, Valdes AM, Meisinger C, Coresh J, Spector TD, Mohney RP, Suhre K, Kastenmüller G, Köttgen A. A Metabolome-Wide Association Study of Kidney Function and Disease in the General Population. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 27:1175-88. [PMID: 26449609 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014111099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Small molecules are extensively metabolized and cleared by the kidney. Changes in serum metabolite concentrations may result from impaired kidney function and can be used to estimate filtration (e.g., the established marker creatinine) or may precede and potentially contribute to CKD development. Here, we applied a nontargeted metabolomics approach using gas and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry to quantify 493 small molecules in human serum. The associations of these molecules with GFR estimated on the basis of creatinine (eGFRcr) and cystatin C levels were assessed in ≤1735 participants in the KORA F4 study, followed by replication in 1164 individuals in the TwinsUK registry. After correction for multiple testing, 54 replicated metabolites significantly associated with eGFRcr, and six of these showed pairwise correlation (r≥0.50) with established kidney function measures: C-mannosyltryptophan, pseudouridine, N-acetylalanine, erythronate, myo-inositol, and N-acetylcarnosine. Higher C-mannosyltryptophan, pseudouridine, and O-sulfo-L-tyrosine concentrations associated with incident CKD (eGFRcr <60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)) in the KORA F4 study. In contrast with serum creatinine, C-mannosyltryptophan and pseudouridine concentrations showed little dependence on sex. Furthermore, correlation with measured GFR in 200 participants in the AASK study was 0.78 for both C-mannosyltryptophan and pseudouridine concentration, and highly significant associations of both metabolites with incident ESRD disappeared upon adjustment for measured GFR. Thus, these molecules may be alternative or complementary markers of kidney function. In conclusion, our study provides a comprehensive list of kidney function-associated metabolites and highlights potential novel filtration markers that may help to improve the estimation of GFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Sekula
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Medical Biometry and Medical Informatics, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Lydia Quaye
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clara Barrios
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar, Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mediques, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrew S Levey
- Division of Nephrology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Cristina Menni
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Idil Yet
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lesley A Inker
- Division of Nephrology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Experimental Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Wolfram Gronwald
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Illig
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology and Hannover Unified Biobank and Institute for Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katja Dettmer
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Peter J Oefner
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ana M Valdes
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Academic Rheumatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Josef Coresh
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Karsten Suhre
- Institutes of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Institutes of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany;
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Vicente-Muñoz S, Morcillo I, Puchades-Carrasco L, Payá V, Pellicer A, Pineda-Lucena A. Nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomic profiling of urine provides a noninvasive alternative to the identification of biomarkers associated with endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2015; 104:1202-9. [PMID: 26297644 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.07.1149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether urine metabolomic profile can be used to identify biomarkers associated to endometriosis. DESIGN Prospective study. For each subject, a urine sample was collected after overnight fasting and before surgery. SETTING University medical center. PATIENT(S) The clinical cohort included 45 endometriosis patients, diagnosed at early (n = 6) and advanced (n = 39) stages of the disease, and 36 healthy women. All women underwent diagnostic laparoscopy to visually confirm the presence or absence of endometriotic lesions. INTERVENTION(S) Metabolomic profiling of urine samples based on (1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in combination with statistical approaches. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Comparative identification of metabolites present in urine from endometriosis patients and healthy women. RESULT(S) The urine metabolomic profile of endometriosis patients exhibited higher concentrations of N(1)-methyl-4-pyridone-5-carboxamide, guanidinosuccinate, creatinine, taurine, valine, and 2-hydroxyisovalerate and decreased concentrations of lysine compared with healthy women. Most of these metabolites are involved in inflammation and oxidative stress processes. These pathophysiologic events had been previously described to be present in ectopic endometrial proliferation foci. CONCLUSION(S) Overall, the results demonstrate the potential of (1)H-NMR-based metabolomics, a rapid and noninvasive approach, to identify metabolic changes associated to endometriosis in urine samples. This information could be useful to get a better understanding of the pathogenesis of endometriosis, thus providing support to the noninvasive diagnosis of this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vicente-Muñoz
- Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Morcillo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Vicente Payá
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Pellicer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Pineda-Lucena
- Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
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Gastrointestinal Tract Commensal Bacteria and Probiotics: Influence on End-Organ Physiology. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH. FORTSCHRITTE DER ARZNEIMITTELFORSCHUNG. PROGRES DES RECHERCHES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2015; 70:1-33. [PMID: 26462363 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-0927-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria represent the earliest form of independent life on this planet. Bacterial development has included cooperative symbiosis with plants (e.g., Leguminosae family and nitrogen fixing bacteria in soil) and animals (e.g., the gut microbiome). It is generally agreed upon that the fusion of two prokaryotes evolutionarily gave rise to the eukaryotic cell in which mitochondria may be envisaged as a genetically functional mosaic, a relic from one of the prokaryotes. This is expressed by the appearance of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells (an alpha-proteobacteria input), a significant endosymbiotic evolutionary event. As such, the evolution of human life has been complexly connected to bacterial activities. Hence, microbial colonization of mammals has been a progressively driven process. The interactions between the human host and the microbiome inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) for example, afford the human host the necessary cues for the development of regulated signals that in part are induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). This regulated activity then promotes immunological tolerance and metabolic regulation and stability, which then helps establish control of local and extraintestinal end-organ (e.g., kidneys) physiology. Pharmacobiotics, the targeted administration of live probiotic cultures, is an advancing area of potential therapeutics, either directly or as adjuvants. Hence the continued scientific understanding of the human microbiome in health and disease may further lead to fine tuning the targeted delivery of probiotics for a therapeutic gain.
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Chao CT, Chiang CK. Uremic toxins, oxidative stress, and renal fibrosis: an interwined complex. J Ren Nutr 2014; 25:155-9. [PMID: 25511523 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of end-stage renal diseases is currently on the rise globally, and finding the way to curb this tide is urgently needed. Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is a common pathway for essentially all the nephropathy categories known to date, and the manifestations of renal fibrosis include excessive deposition of extracellular matrix with distortion of renal microstructures and functional deterioration. Uremic toxins have been gradually found to play an important role in the development of progressive renal fibrosis, with protein-bound indoxyl sulfate, p-cresol, and p-cresyl sulfate receiving the most attention. However, the contribution of oxidative stress among the pathogenesis of uremic toxins and renal fibrosis has not been evaluated much until recently. In this review, we will discuss about the nature and sources of oxidative stress in the kidney and how uremic toxins use oxidative stress to orchestrate the processes of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ter Chao
- Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Jin-Shan Branch, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kang Chiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Integrative Diagnostics and Therapeutics, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Schulz AM, Terne C, Jankowski V, Cohen G, Schaefer M, Boehringer F, Tepel M, Kunkel D, Zidek W, Jankowski J. Modulation of NADPH oxidase activity by known uraemic retention solutes. Eur J Clin Invest 2014; 44:802-11. [PMID: 25041433 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uraemia and cardiovascular disease appear to be associated with an increased oxidative burden. One of the key players in the genesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. Based on initial experiments demonstrating a decreased inhibitory effect on NADPH oxidase activity in the presence of plasma from patients with CKD-5D after dialysis compared with before dialysis, we investigated the effect of 48 known and commercially available uraemic retention solutes on the enzymatic activity of NADPH oxidase. METHODS Mononuclear leucocytes isolated from buffy coats of healthy volunteers were isolated, lysed and incubated with NADH in the presence of plasma from healthy controls and patients with CKD-5D. Furthermore, the leucocytes were lysed and incubated in the presence of uraemic retention solute of interest and diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI), an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase. The effect on enzymatic activity of NADPH oxidase was quantified within an incubation time of 120 min. RESULTS Thirty-nine of the 48 uraemic retention solutes tested had a significant decreasing effect on NADPH oxidase activity. Oxalate has been characterized as the strongest inhibitor of NADPH oxidase (90% of DPI inhibition). Surprisingly, none of the uraemic retention solutes we investigated was found to increase NADPH oxidase activity. Furthermore, plasma from patients with CKD-5D before dialysis caused significantly higher inhibitory effect on NADPH oxidase activity compared with plasma from healthy subjects. However, this effect was significantly decreased in plasma from patients with CKD-5D after dialysis. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show that uraemic retention solutes modulated the activity of the NADPH oxidase. The results of this study might be the basis for the development of inhibitors applicable as drug in the situation of increased oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Marta Schulz
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (CBF), Medizinische Klinik IV, Berlin, Germany
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11
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Koizumi M, Tatebe J, Watanabe I, Yamazaki J, Ikeda T, Morita T. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor mediates indoxyl sulfate-induced cellular senescence in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. J Atheroscler Thromb 2014; 21:904-16. [PMID: 24727683 DOI: 10.5551/jat.23663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Vascular senescence, which is accelerated in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD), contributes to the development of cardio-renal syndrome, and various uremic toxins may play important roles in the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. We recently reported that indoxyl sulfate (IS), a uremic toxin, directly activates aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and generates oxidative stress through NADPH oxidase-4 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In the current study, we sought to examine whether IS regulates sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) and affects endothelial senescence via AhR activation. METHODS HUVECs were incubated with 500 μmol/L of IS for the indicated time periods. In order to evaluate changes in the senescence of the HUVECs, the number of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA β-gal)-positive cells was determined using an image analysis software program. The intracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (iNampt) activity, cellular NAD(+)/NADPH ratio and Sirt1 activity were analyzed according to a colorimetric assay to determine the mechanism of cellular senescence. Furthermore, we evaluated the involvement of AhR in the senescence-related changes induced by IS using AhR antagonists. RESULTS IS decreased the iNampt activity, NAD(+)/NADPH ratio and Sirt1 activity, resulting in an increase in the percentage of SA β-gal-positive cells. On the other hand, the AhR antagonists restored the IS-induced decrease in the NAD(+) content in association with an improvement in the iNampt activity and ameliorated the senescence-related changes. Taken together, these results indicate that IS impairs the iNampt-NAD(+)-Sirt1 system via AhR activation, which in turn promotes endothelial senescence. CONCLUSIONS The IS-AhR pathway induces endothelial senescence. Therefore, blocking the effects of AhR in the endothelium may provide a new therapeutic tool for treating cardio-renal syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Koizumi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Faculty of Medicine
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Vitetta L, Linnane AW, Gobe GC. From the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) to the kidneys: live bacterial cultures (probiotics) mediating reductions of uremic toxin levels via free radical signaling. Toxins (Basel) 2013; 5:2042-57. [PMID: 24212182 PMCID: PMC3847713 DOI: 10.3390/toxins5112042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A host of compounds are retained in the body of uremic patients, as a consequence of progressive renal failure. Hundreds of compounds have been reported to be retention solutes and many have been proven to have adverse biological activity, and recognized as uremic toxins. The major mechanistic overview considered to contribute to uremic toxin overload implicates glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity, hexosamine, increased polyol pathway activity and the accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Until recently, the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and its associated micro-biometabolome was a neglected factor in chronic disease development. A systematic underestimation has been to undervalue the contribution of GIT dysbiosis (a gut barrier-associated abnormality) whereby low-level pro-inflammatory processes contribute to chronic kidney disease (CKD) development. Gut dysbiosis provides a plausible clue to the origin of systemic uremic toxin loads encountered in clinical practice and may explain the increasing occurrence of CKD. In this review, we further expand a hypothesis that posits that environmentally triggered and maintained microbiome perturbations drive GIT dysbiosis with resultant uremia. These subtle adaptation responses by the GIT microbiome can be significantly influenced by probiotics with specific metabolic properties, thereby reducing uremic toxins in the gut. The benefit translates to a useful clinical treatment approach for patients diagnosed with CKD. Furthermore, the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in different anatomical locales is highlighted as a positive process. Production of ROS in the GIT by the epithelial lining and the commensal microbe cohort is a regulated process, leading to the formation of hydrogen peroxide which acts as an essential second messenger required for normal cellular homeostasis and physiological function. Whilst this critical review has focused on end-stage CKD (type 5), our aim was to build a plausible hypothesis for the administration of probiotics with or without prebiotics for the early treatment of kidney disease. We postulate that targeting healthy ROS production in the gut with probiotics may be more beneficial than any systemic antioxidant therapy (that is proposed to nullify ROS) for the prevention of kidney disease progression. The study and understanding of health-promoting probiotic bacteria is in its infancy; it is complex and intellectually and experimentally challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Vitetta
- The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Brisbane, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
- Medlab, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail:
| | - Anthony W. Linnane
- Medlab, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; E-Mail:
- Monash University, Melbourne VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Glenda C. Gobe
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute at Princess Alexandra Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia; E-Mail:
- Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, Brisbane QLD 4102, Australia
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The assessment of oxidative stress on patients with chronic renal failure at different stages and on dialysis patients receiving different hypertensive treatment. Indian J Clin Biochem 2013; 28:390-5. [PMID: 24426242 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-013-0316-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the oxidative stress in predialysis, hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis patients and to test the effects of antihypertensive drugs and volume control on oxidative stress parameters. The study was composed of five groups as follows: control group (n = 30), predialysis group (n = 30), peritoneal dialysis group (n = 30), hemodialysis group, (normotensive with strict volume control, n = 30), hemodialysis group (normotensive with medication, n = 30). Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and routine biochemical parameters were studied in all patients. Hemodialysis patients with strict volume control (HDvc) had lower levels of MDA than other patient groups (p < 0.001), and CAT, SOD values had highest level other patient groups (p < 0.001). The treatment of hypertension with strict volume control in chronic renal failure patients causes less damage to the antioxidant capacity.
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14
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Tucker PS, Dalbo VJ, Han T, Kingsley MI. Clinical and research markers of oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease. Biomarkers 2013; 18:103-15. [PMID: 23339563 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2012.749302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Kidney-related pathologies have increasing prevalence rates, produce a considerable financial burden, and are characterized by elevated levels of oxidative stress (OS). OBJECTIVE This review examines relationships between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and markers of OS and antioxidant status (AS). METHODS A systematic review of MEDLINE-indexed clinical trials, randomized controlled trials and comparative studies that examined OS and AS was performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Several markers emerged as well-suited indicators of OS and AS in CKD: malondialdehyde, F2-isoprostanes, lipid hydroperoxides, asymmetric dimethylarginine, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine, protein carbonyls, advanced oxidation protein products and glutathione-related activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Steven Tucker
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Institute for Health and Social Science Research, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
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15
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Duranton F, Cohen G, De Smet R, Rodriguez M, Jankowski J, Vanholder R, Argiles A. Normal and pathologic concentrations of uremic toxins. J Am Soc Nephrol 2012; 23:1258-70. [PMID: 22626821 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2011121175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 703] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An updated review of the existing knowledge regarding uremic toxins facilitates the design of experimental studies. We performed a literature search and found 621 articles about uremic toxicity published after a 2003 review of this topic. Eighty-seven records provided serum or blood measurements of one or more solutes in patients with CKD. These records described 32 previously known uremic toxins and 56 newly reported solutes. The articles most frequently reported concentrations of β2-microglobulin, indoxyl sulfate, homocysteine, uric acid, and parathyroid hormone. We found most solutes (59%) in only one report. Compared with previous results, more recent articles reported higher uremic concentrations of many solutes, including carboxymethyllysine, cystatin C, and parathyroid hormone. However, five solutes had uremic concentrations less than 10% of the originally reported values. Furthermore, the uremic concentrations of four solutes did not exceed their respective normal concentrations, although they had been previously described as uremic retention solutes. In summary, this review extends the classification of uremic retention solutes and their normal and uremic concentrations, and it should aid the design of experiments to study the biologic effects of these solutes in CKD.
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Wiswedel I, Peter D, Gardemann A, Carluccio F, Hampl H, Siems W. Serum Concentrations of F2-Isoprostanes and 4-Hydroxynonenal in Hemodialysis Patients in Relation to Inflammation and Renal Anemia. Biomark Insights 2008; 3:419-428. [PMID: 19578522 PMCID: PMC2688378 DOI: 10.4137/bmi.s363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis (HD) are apparently exposed to enhanced oxidative stress and to inflammation. It was the aim of this study to characterize the state of systemic oxidative stress of ESRD patients before and following HD using highly specific biomarkers, F2-isoprostanes and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE). Furthermore the question should be answered, if there are associations between inflammation and systemic oxidative stress and/or between systemic oxidative stress and renal anemia, which is more or less typical for HD patients. Patients and methods Concentrations of F2-isoprostanes, HNE, C-reactive protein (CRP) as marker of inflammation, and hemoglobin were measured in serum samples of patients with ESRD before and after HD and of healthy control persons for comparison. Total (esterified plus free) F2-isoprostanes were quantified by highly sensitive gas chromatography/mass spectrometry technique, HNE by thin layer chromatography and HPLC/UV detection, CRP by immunoturbidimetry and hemoglobin by clinico-chemical routine assay. Results 1. HD patients showed significantly higher serum concentrations of F2-isoprostanes and HNE than healthy human control subjects. 2. Total (esterified plus free) F2-isoprostane levels before HD were not significantly different from those after HD, whereas HNE levels were significantly decreased in patients after HD. 3. F2-isoprostane concentrations in HD patients correlated with the levels of CRP, whereas HNE concentrations inversely correlated with the content of hemoglobin. Conclusion Both, F2-isoprostanes and HNE serum concentrations are useful oxidative stress parameters in ESRD patients undergoing HD. Whereas HNE strongly correlates with the severity of renal anemia, leading to left heart insufficiency, F2-isoprostanes (sum of free plus esterified) highly correlate with the degree of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Wiswedel
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke-University of Magdeburg
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Numerous substances qualify as uremic toxins by fulfilling all properties characterizing such compounds. However, their role in the development of uremic state maybe ambiguous. We followed these properties on the example of N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (Met2PY) from the nicotinamide end-products family. The aim of this study was to determine if these uremic compounds are toxic in all circumstances. METHODS To establish a direct toxic effect, a cytotoxicity test was performed. The influence of Met2PY on DNA damage in cultured cells was measured, using a comet assay. For in vitro experiments, Moly (L5178Y), LLCPK-1, and A549 cell lines were used. We used 250 microM H2O2 and 200 ng/mL angiotensin II (ANGII) as damaging factors. RESULTS A direct cytotoxic effect of Met2PY on Moly cells was observed. In LLC-PK1 cells, co-incubation with 0.03 mM Met2PY protected cells against the DNA damage caused by ANG II. In A549 cells, the action of Met2PY was ambiguous. At lower concentrations (1 and 3 mM), it showed protective effects, although 10 mM Met2PY increased the toxic effect of 250 microM H2O2. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Met2PY is not always toxic or harmful. In some circumstances, it may even express beneficial and protective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Rutkowski
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation, and Internal Diseases, Medical University, Gdansk, Poland.
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