Copper-catalyzed decarboxylative C−P cross coupling of arylpropiolic acids with dialkyl hydrazinylphosphonates leading to alkynylphosphonates

Phosphorylation of Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives with P(O)–H Compounds Forming P(O)–C Bonds

Herein, we highlight advances in the phosphorylation of readily available carboxylic acids and their derivatives forming synthetically important P(O)–sp3C, P(O)–sp2C, and P(O)–spC bonds, with an emphasis on the results demonstrated since 2010. This review examines the challenges associated with the use of this strategy for the synthesis of organophosphorus compounds and details advances in the design of catalytic systems that suppress these problems thus resulting in notable progress. Mechanistic details are discussed where available.

1 Introduction

2 Formation of P(O)–sp3C Bonds

3 Formation of P(O)–sp2C Bonds

4 Formation of P(O)–spC Bonds

5 Outlook and Conclusion

TiO2/Cu2O nanoparticle-catalyzed direct C(sp)-P bond formation via aerobic oxidative coupling in air and visible light

The synthesis of organophosphorus compounds is one of the important goals in organic chemistry. Among these compounds, alkynylphosphonates are significantly utilized as the main precursors for the synthesis of biologically active molecules in medicinal chemistry and have attracted extensive interest in the past few decades. Although few efforts have been made towards the direct and atom-economical synthesis of alkynylphosphonates, efforts towards the utilization of visible light as a green and renewable energy source have not been made to date. Here, we have promoted a strategy to construct a type of nano metal oxide composite photocatalyst (Cu2O decorated on TiO2) for the synthesis of alkynylphosphonates via direct C-P bond formation between terminal alkyne and H-phosphonate under visible light irradiation. In this p-n heterojunction photocatalyst, Cu2O acted as a visible-light absorber; moreover, the CB (conduction band) of TiO2 was favorable for accepting a photogenerated electron, and the generated electron hole (e-/h+) pair could initiate the reaction. The present study can provide a new way for the synthesis of this important class of phosphorus organic compounds.