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Hu Z, Wei XJ, Handelmann J, Seitz AK, Rodstein I, Gessner VH, Gooßen LJ. Coupling of Reformatsky Reagents with Aryl Chlorides Enabled by Ylide-Functionalized Phosphine Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6778-6783. [PMID: 33427381 PMCID: PMC7986804 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The coupling of aryl chlorides with Reformatsky reagents is a desirable strategy for the construction of α‐aryl esters but has so far been substantially limited in the substrate scope due to many challenges posed by various possible side reactions. This limitation has now been overcome by the tailoring of ylide‐functionalized phosphines to fit the requirements of Negishi couplings. Record‐setting activities were achieved in palladium‐catalyzed arylations of organozinc reagents with aryl electrophiles using a cyclohexyl‐YPhos ligand bearing an ortho‐tolyl‐substituent in the backbone. This highly electron‐rich, bulky ligand enables the use of aryl chlorides in room temperature couplings of Reformatsky reagents. The reaction scope covers diversely functionalized arylacetic and arylpropionic acid derivatives. Aryl bromides and chlorides can be converted selectively over triflate electrophiles, which permits consecutive coupling strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Hu
- Evonik Chair of Organic Chemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Xiao-Jing Wei
- Evonik Chair of Organic Chemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jens Handelmann
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ann-Katrin Seitz
- Evonik Chair of Organic Chemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ilja Rodstein
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Viktoria H Gessner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lukas J Gooßen
- Evonik Chair of Organic Chemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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Hu Z, Wei X, Handelmann J, Seitz A, Rodstein I, Gessner VH, Gooßen LJ. Kupplung von Reformatsky‐Reagenzien und Arylchloriden ermöglicht durch Ylid‐funktionalisierte Phosphanliganden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Hu
- Evonik Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Xiao‐Jing Wei
- Evonik Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Jens Handelmann
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstaße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Ann‐Katrin Seitz
- Evonik Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Ilja Rodstein
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstaße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstaße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Lukas J. Gooßen
- Evonik Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
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Chen YH, Ellwart M, Toupalas G, Ebe Y, Knochel P. Herstellung und Anwendung von festen, salzstabilisierten Zinkamidenolaten mit verbesserter Luftstabilität. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201700216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hung Chen
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Department Chemie; Butenandtstraße 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Mario Ellwart
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Department Chemie; Butenandtstraße 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Georgios Toupalas
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Department Chemie; Butenandtstraße 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Yusuke Ebe
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Paul Knochel
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Department Chemie; Butenandtstraße 5-13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
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Chen YH, Ellwart M, Toupalas G, Ebe Y, Knochel P. Preparation and Application of Solid, Salt-Stabilized Zinc Amide Enolates with Enhanced Air and Moisture Stability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:4612-4616. [PMID: 28326665 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201700216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of various N-morpholino amides with TMPZnCl⋅LiCl (TMP=2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl) and Mg(OPiv)2 in THF at 25 °C provides solid zinc enolates with enhanced air and moisture stability (t1/2 in air: 1-3 h) after solvent evaporation. These enolates undergo Pd- and Cu-catalyzed cross-couplings with (hetero)aryl bromides as well as allylic and benzylic halides. The arylated N-morpholino amides were converted into various ketones by LaCl3 ⋅2 LiCl mediated acylation with Grignard reagents. The new, solid enolates were used to prepare a potent anti-breast-cancer drug candidate in six steps and 23 % overall yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hung Chen
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Mario Ellwart
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Georgios Toupalas
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Yusuke Ebe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Paul Knochel
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Chemie, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377, München, Germany
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Hama T, Ge S, Hartwig JF. Palladium-catalyzed α-arylation of zinc enolates of esters: reaction conditions and substrate scope. J Org Chem 2013; 78:8250-66. [PMID: 23931445 PMCID: PMC3800138 DOI: 10.1021/jo401476f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The intermolecular α-arylation of esters by palladium-catalyzed coupling of aryl bromides with zinc enolates of esters is reported. Reactions of three different types of zinc enolates have been developed. α-Arylation of esters occurs in high yields with isolated Reformatsky reagents, with Reformatsky reagents generated from α-bromo esters and activated zinc, and with zinc enolates generated by quenching alkali metal enolates of esters with zinc chloride. The use of zinc enolates, instead of alkali metal enolates, greatly expands the scope of the arylation of esters. The reactions occur at room temperature or at 70 °C with bromoarenes containing cyano, nitro, ester, keto, fluoro, enolizable hydrogen, hydroxyl, or amino functionality and with bromopyridines. The scope of esters encompasses acyclic acetates, propionates, and isobutyrates, α-alkoxyesters, and lactones. The arylation of zinc enolates of esters was conducted with catalysts bearing the hindered pentaphenylferrocenyl di-tert-butylphosphine (Q-phos) or the highly reactive dimeric Pd(I) complex {[P(t-Bu)3]PdBr}2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuo Hama
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107; Department of Chemstry, University of Illinois, Urbana, 61801; and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94702, United States
| | - Shaozhong Ge
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107; Department of Chemstry, University of Illinois, Urbana, 61801; and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94702, United States
| | - John F. Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107; Department of Chemstry, University of Illinois, Urbana, 61801; and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94702, United States
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Song B, Rudolphi F, Himmler T, Gooßen LJ. Practical Synthesis of 2-Arylacetic Acid Esters via Palladium- Catalyzed Dealkoxycarbonylative Coupling of Malonates with Aryl Halides. Adv Synth Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bellina F, Rossi R. Transition metal-catalyzed direct arylation of substrates with activated sp3-hybridized C-H bonds and some of their synthetic equivalents with aryl halides and pseudohalides. Chem Rev 2010; 110:1082-146. [PMID: 19610600 DOI: 10.1021/cr9000836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 769] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Bellina
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, 56125 Pisa, Italy
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Johansson CCC, Colacot TJ. Metal-catalyzed alpha-arylation of carbonyl and related molecules: novel trends in C-C bond formation by C-H bond functionalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:676-707. [PMID: 20058282 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200903424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 597] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-arylated carbonyl compounds are commonly occurring motifs in biologically interesting molecules and are therefore of high interest to the pharmaceutical industry. Conventional procedures for their synthesis often result in complications in scale-up, such as the use of stoichiometric amounts of toxic reagents and harsh reaction conditions. Over the last decade, significant efforts have been directed towards the development of metal-catalyzed alpha-arylations of carbonyl compounds as an alternative synthetic approach that operates under milder conditions. This Review summarizes the developments in this area to date, with a focus on how the substrate scope has been expanded through selection of the most appropriate synthetic method, such as the careful choice of ligands, precatalysts, bases, and reaction conditions.
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Johansson C, Colacot T. Metallkatalysierte α-Arylierungen von Carbonylen und verwandten Molekülen: aktuelle Trends bei der C-C-Kupplung über C-H-Funktionalisierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200903424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Hama T, Liu X, Culkin DA, Hartwig JF. Palladium-Catalyzed α-Arylation of Esters and Amides under More Neutral Conditions. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:11176-7. [PMID: 16220921 DOI: 10.1021/ja036792p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two procedures for the alpha-arylation of carbonyl compounds under conditions that are more neutral than those of reactions of aryl halides with alkali metal enolates are reported. The first procedure rests upon the development of catalysts bearing the hindered pentaphenylferrocenyl di-tert-butylphosphine (Q-phos) and the highly reactive dimeric Pd(I) complex {P(t-Bu)3]PdBr}2. By this procedure, zinc enolates prepared from alpha-bromo esters and amides react with aryl halides to form alpha-aryl esters and amides in high yields under mild conditions with 1-2 mol % catalyst and with remarkable functional group tolerance. By the second procedure, silyl ketene and silyl ketimine acetals react with aryl bromides in the presence of substoichiometric zinc fluoride, 1 mol % Pd(dba)2, and 2 mol % P(t-Bu)3 in DMF solvent at 80 degrees C. Reactions of zinc tert-butyl acetate and propionate enolates and trimethylsilyl ketene acetals of tert-butyl propionate and methyl isobutyrate with aryl bromides bearing electron-donating and potentially reactive, base-sensitive electron-withdrawing groups and with pyridyl bromides are reported. In addition, the diastereoselective coupling of phenyl bromide with an imide enolate bearing the Evans auxiliary is reported, and this study shows that racemization of base-sensitive stereocenters does not occur during the coupling process under these more neutral conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuo Hama
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA
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Iguchi M, Tomioka K. External chiral ligand-mediated enantioselective Peterson reaction of alpha-trimethylsilanylacetate with substituted cyclohexanones. Org Lett 2002; 4:4329-31. [PMID: 12443090 DOI: 10.1021/ol0269749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] The asymmetric Peterson reaction of an alpha-trimethylsilanylacetate with 4-substituted and 3,5-disubstituted cyclohexanones was mediated by an external chiral tridentate ligand to give the corresponding olefins with an axial chirality in high yields and enantioselectivities of up to 85%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Iguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Busacca CA, Eriksson MC, Fiaschi R. Cross coupling of vinyl triflates and alkyl Grignard reagents catalyzed by nickel(0)-complexes. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)00439-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Holt DA, Oh HJ, Rozamus LW, Yen HK, Brandt M, Levy MA, Brian W. M. Synthesis and evaluation of 3-carboxymethyl steroids as inhibitors of human prostatic steroid 5α-reductase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)80052-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Orsini F, Pelizzoni F, Vallarino L. Influence of the catalyst on the Pd0-mediated reactions of BrZnCH(CH3) COOtBu with vinyl and aryl triflates. J Organomet Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-328x(89)87059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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