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Hatano M, Kuwano K, Asukai R, Nagayoshi A, Hoshihara H, Hirata T, Umezawa M, Tsubaki S, Yoshikawa T, Sakata K. Zinc chloride-catalyzed Grignard addition reaction of aromatic nitriles. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8569-8577. [PMID: 38846385 PMCID: PMC11151835 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01659a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In the alkyl addition reaction of aromatic nitriles using Grignard reagents, ketones are formed after hydrolysis. However, this addition reaction is often slow compared to that using reactive organolithium(i) reagents. In this study, we improved the reaction by using zinc(ii)ates, which are generated in situ using Grignard reagents and zinc chloride (ZnCl2) as a catalyst. As a result, the corresponding ketones and amines were obtained via hydrolysis and reduction, respectively, in good yields under mild reaction conditions. Scale-up reactions are also demonstrated. Interestingly, using a catalytic amount of ZnCl2 was more effective than using a stoichiometric amount of zinc(ii)ates. Possible transition states are proposed on the basis of the active zinc(ii)ate species, and DFT calculations were carried out to elucidate a plausible reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Hatano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University Higashinada Kobe 658-8558 Japan
| | - Kisara Kuwano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University Higashinada Kobe 658-8558 Japan
| | - Riho Asukai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University Higashinada Kobe 658-8558 Japan
| | - Ayako Nagayoshi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University Higashinada Kobe 658-8558 Japan
| | - Haruka Hoshihara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University Higashinada Kobe 658-8558 Japan
| | - Tsubasa Hirata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University Higashinada Kobe 658-8558 Japan
| | - Miho Umezawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University Miyama, Funabashi Chiba 274-8510 Japan
| | - Sahori Tsubaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University Miyama, Funabashi Chiba 274-8510 Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoshikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University Miyama, Funabashi Chiba 274-8510 Japan
| | - Ken Sakata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University Miyama, Funabashi Chiba 274-8510 Japan
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2
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Jinno S, Senoo T, Mori K. Access to ortho-Hydroxyphenyl Ketimines via Imine Anion-Mediated Smiles Rearrangement. Org Lett 2022; 24:4140-4144. [PMID: 35670731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have achieved a facile access to N-(2-halophenyl)-2-hydroxyphenylimine derivatives via imine anion-mediated Smiles rearrangement. When 2-(2-halophenoxy)benzonitriles were treated with 1.2-1.4 equiv of organolithium reagents, nucleophilic addition to the nitrile group followed by Smiles rearrangement occurred to give various N-(2-halophenyl)-2-hydroxyphenylimine derivatives, which are sometimes difficult to synthesize by the conventional acid-promoted condensation reaction between carbonyl compounds and aniline derivatives, in good to excellent chemical yields (up to 91%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunki Jinno
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Takahiro Senoo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Keiji Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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3
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Kang S, Lee JC. Facile Preparation of Aryl Nitriles from Aryl Aldehydes in PEG-DME 250. LETT ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178618666210909103040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
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A facie and efficient method for one-pot transformation of aryl aldehydes to aryl nitriles using hydroxylamine hydrochloride and phosphorus tribromide in PEG-DME 250 is reported. The conversion of various aryl aldehydes to the corresponding aryl nitriles occurred smoothly in high yields under the present reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solbe Kang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Jong Chan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
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4
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Li Y, Lin W, Wright WC, Chai SC, Wu J, Chen T. Building a Chemical Toolbox for Human Pregnane X Receptor Research: Discovery of Agonists, Inverse Agonists, and Antagonists Among Analogs Based on the Unique Chemical Scaffold of SPA70. J Med Chem 2021; 64:1733-1761. [PMID: 33497575 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pregnane X receptor (PXR) plays roles in detoxification and other physiological processes. PXR activation may enhance drug metabolism (leading to adverse drug reactions) or inhibit inflammation. Therefore, PXR agonists, antagonists, and inverse agonists may serve as research tools and drug candidates. However, a specific PXR modulator with an associated structure-activity relationship is lacking. Based on the scaffold of specific human PXR (hPXR) antagonist SPA70 (10), we developed 81 SPA70 analogs and evaluated their receptor-binding and cellular activities. Interestingly, analogs with subtle structural differences displayed divergent cellular activities, including agonistic, dual inverse agonistic and antagonistic, antagonistic, and partial agonistic/partial antagonistic activities (as in compounds 111, 10, 97, and 42, respectively). We generated a pharmacophore model that represents 81 SPA70 analogs, and docking models that correlate strong interactions between the compounds and residues in the AF-2 helix with agonistic activity. These compounds are novel chemical tools for studying hPXR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Li
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-3678, United States
| | - Wenwei Lin
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-3678, United States
| | - William C Wright
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-3678, United States
| | - Sergio C Chai
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-3678, United States
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-3678, United States
| | - Taosheng Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-3678, United States
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5
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Sun F, Yin T, Wang Y, Feng A, Yang L, Wu W, Yu C, Li T, Wei D, Yao C. A combined experimental and computational study of NHC-promoted desulfonylation of tosylated aldimines. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo01402k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
NHC-catalyzed mild desulfonylation of tosylated aldimines provides efficient access to aryl nitriles with broad substrate scope. DFT calculations demonstrate that the reaction undergoes multiple stepwise processes.
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6
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Bhatt SV, Bhatt SV, Fotie J. Pt-catalyzed O-silylation of oximes by tri-substituted organosilanes. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Zhan W, Tong M, Ji L, Zhang H, Ge Z, Wang X, Li R. Continuous-flow synthesis of nitriles from aldehydes via Schmidt reaction. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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8
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Del Vecchio A, Destro G, Taran F, Audisio D. Recent developments in heterocycle labeling with carbon isotopes. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2018; 61:988-1007. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Del Vecchio
- CEA-Saclay, JOLIOT, Service de Chimie Bioorganique et de Marquage; Gif sur Yvette France
| | - Gianluca Destro
- CEA-Saclay, JOLIOT, Service de Chimie Bioorganique et de Marquage; Gif sur Yvette France
| | - Frédéric Taran
- CEA-Saclay, JOLIOT, Service de Chimie Bioorganique et de Marquage; Gif sur Yvette France
| | - Davide Audisio
- CEA-Saclay, JOLIOT, Service de Chimie Bioorganique et de Marquage; Gif sur Yvette France
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9
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Xiong M, Xie X, Liu Y. Copper-Catalyzed Borylative Cyclization of in Situ Generated o-Allenylaryl Nitriles with Bis(pinacolato)diboron. Org Lett 2017; 19:3398-3401. [PMID: 28653539 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A Cu-catalyzed cascade borylcupration/cyclization of in situ generated allene-nitriles with B2pin2 has been developed, which provides highly substituted 3-boryl-1-naphthylamines with excellent regioselectivity and wide functional group compatibility. It has been shown that, for the first time, the catalytically generated allylcopper species can be captured by a cyano group from a normal nitrile to furnish a carbocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijun Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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10
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Fang C, Li M, Hu X, Mo W, Hu B, Sun N, Jin L, Shen Z. A practical iodine-catalyzed oxidative conversion of aldehydes to nitriles. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra26435b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and efficient method for the direct synthesis of nitriles from aldehydes using ammonium acetate as the nitrogen source, iodine as the catalyst, and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as the oxidant was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojie Fang
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Meichao Li
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Xinquan Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Weimin Mo
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Baoxiang Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Nan Sun
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Liqun Jin
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Zhenlu Shen
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
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11
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Fang C, Li M, Hu X, Mo W, Hu B, Sun N, Jin L, Shen Z. A Mild TEMPO-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Conversion of Aldehydes into Nitriles. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201501130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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Easter JA, Burrell RC, Bonacorsi SJ. Synthesis of isotopically labeled daclatasvir for use in human clinical studies. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2016; 59:164-70. [PMID: 26968868 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Daclatasvir is a novel hepatitis C virus NS5A inhibitor developed by Bristol-Myers Squibb and marketed as Daklinza®. The need to support the development of daclatasvir required the synthesis of carbon-14 labeled material for use in human absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion studies. A total of 7.53 mCi of [(14) C]-daclatasvir was synthesized in eight steps from commercially available [(14) C]-copper cyanide. The radiochemical purity was 99.6%, and specific activity was 3.86 μCi/mg. To support a human absolute bioavailability study, 5.56 g of [(13) C2 , (15) N4 ]-daclatasvir was synthesized in four steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Easter
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Discovery Chemistry Platforms-Radiochemistry, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT, 06424, USA
| | - Richard C Burrell
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Discovery Chemistry Platforms-Radiochemistry, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT, 06424, USA
| | - Samuel J Bonacorsi
- Discovery Chemistry Platforms-Radiochemistry, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
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13
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Stephens D, Zhang Y, Cormier M, Chavez G, Arman H, Larionov OV. Three-component reaction of small-ring cyclic amines with arynes and acetonitrile. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:6558-60. [PMID: 23770825 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc42854k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Stephens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
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14
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Uchiyama M, Matsumoto Y, Usui S, Hashimoto Y, Morokuma K. Origin of Chemoselectivity of TMP Zincate Bases and Differences between TMP Zincate and Alkyl Lithium Reagents: A DFT Study on Model Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200602664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Uchiyama M, Matsumoto Y, Usui S, Hashimoto Y, Morokuma K. Origin of Chemoselectivity of TMP Zincate Bases and Differences between TMP Zincate and Alkyl Lithium Reagents: A DFT Study on Model Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:926-9. [PMID: 17167804 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200602664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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17
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Miriyala B, Bhattacharyya S, Williamson JS. Chemoselective reductive alkylation of ammonia with carbonyl compounds: synthesis of primary and symmetrical secondary amines. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2003.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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