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Age estimation in the living: A scoping review of population data for skeletal and dental methods. Forensic Sci Int 2021; 320:110689. [PMID: 33561788 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Age estimation of living individuals has become a crucial part of the forensic practice, especially due to the global increase in cross-border migration. The low rate of birth registration in many countries, hence of identification documents of migrants, especially in Africa and Asia, highlights the importance of reliable methods for age estimation of living individuals. Despite the fact that a number of skeletal and dental methods for age estimation have been developed, their main limitation is that they are based on specific reference samples and there is still no consensus among researchers on whether these methods can be applied to all populations. Though this issue remains still unsolved, population information at a glance could be useful for forensic practitioners dealing with such issues. This study aims at presenting a scoping review and mapping of the current situation concerning population data for skeletal (hand-wrist and clavicle) and dental methods (teeth eruption and third molar formation) for age estimation in the living. Two hundred studies on the rate of skeletal maturation and four hundred thirty-nine on the rate of dental maturation were found, covering the period from 1952 and 2020 for a total of ninety-eight countries. For most of the western and central African countries there are currently no data on the rate of skeletal and dental maturation. The same applies to the countries of the Middle East, as well as the eastern European countries, especially as regard the skeletal development.
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Quantification of secondary dentin formation based on the analysis of MDCT scans and dental OPGs in a contemporary Malaysian population. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2019; 36:59-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kirby M. Forensic sciences at 50: past, present and future? AUST J FORENSIC SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2018.1438770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kirby
- Honorary Life Member and Former President of the Academy
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Marroquin Penaloza TY, Karkhanis S, Kvaal SI, Vasudavan S, Castelblanco E, Kruger E, Tennant M. Orthodontic Treatment: Real Risk for Dental Age Estimation in Adults? J Forensic Sci 2017; 62:907-910. [PMID: 28573758 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dental age estimation becomes a challenge once the root formation is concluded. In living adults, one dental age indicator is the formation of secondary dentine, also associated with orthodontic treatment as well as root shortening. The aim of this study was to establish whether these secondary effects of orthodontic treatment could generate a statistically significant difference in dental age estimations when using Kvaal's method. The study sample included 34 pairs of pre- and postorthodontic panoramic radiographs, from different individuals with exactly the same age and sex distribution. Females 65%, median age 17.5 years, and males 35%, median age 22.5 years, were included. After data collection, dental age was estimated per tooth using formulae previously published. The risk of obtaining over-estimation of age was calculated. (RR = 1.007). The changes caused by orthodontic treatment do not have any significant effect on age estimation when Kvaal et al.'s method is applied on panoramic radiographs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shalmira Karkhanis
- School of Anatomy Physiology and Human Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Sigrid Ingeborg Kvaal
- Faculty of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1109, Blindern, N-0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sivabalan Vasudavan
- School of Anatomy Physiology and Human Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Edwin Castelblanco
- School of Anatomy Physiology and Human Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Estie Kruger
- School of Anatomy Physiology and Human Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Marc Tennant
- School of Anatomy Physiology and Human Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
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Marroquin Penaloza TY, Karkhanis S, Kvaal SI, Nurul F, Kanagasingam S, Franklin D, Vasudavan S, Kruger E, Tennant M. Application of the Kvaal method for adult dental age estimation using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). J Forensic Leg Med 2016; 44:178-182. [PMID: 27821308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Different non-invasive methods have been proposed for dental age estimation in adults, with the Kvaal et al. method as one of the more frequently tested in different populations. The purpose of this study was to apply the Kvaal et al. method for dental age estimation on modern volumetric data from 3D digital systems. To this end, 101 CBCT images from a Malaysian population were used. Fifty-five per cent were female (n = 55), and forty-five percent were male (n = 46), with a median age of 31 years for both sexes. As tomographs allow the observer to obtain a sagittal and coronal view of the teeth, the Kvaal pulp/root width measurements and ratios were calculated in the bucco-lingual and mesio-distal aspects of the tooth. From these data different linear regression models and formulae were built. The most accurate models for estimating age were obtained from a diverse combination of measurements (SEE ±10.58 years), and for the mesio-distal measurements of the central incisor at level A (SEE ±12.84 years). This accuracy, however is outside an acceptable range in for forensic application (SEE ±10.00 years), and is also more time consuming than the original approach based on dental radiographs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shalmira Karkhanis
- University of Western Australia, School of Anatomy Physiology and Human Biology, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Sigrid Ingeborg Kvaal
- University of Oslo, Faculty of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, P.O. Box 1109, Blindern, N-0317 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Firdaus Nurul
- Radiology Unit, Dental Faculty University of Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Shalini Kanagasingam
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Daniel Franklin
- University of Western Australia, School of Anatomy Physiology and Human Biology, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Sivabalan Vasudavan
- University of Western Australia, School of Anatomy Physiology and Human Biology, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Estie Kruger
- University of Western Australia, School of Anatomy Physiology and Human Biology, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Marc Tennant
- University of Western Australia, School of Anatomy Physiology and Human Biology, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
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