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Ali S, Ekbbal R, Salar S, Yasheshwar, Ali SA, Jaiswal AK, Singh M, Yadav DK, Kumar S, Gaurav. Quality Standards and Pharmacological Interventions of Natural Oils: Current Scenario and Future Perspectives. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:39945-39963. [PMID: 37953833 PMCID: PMC10635672 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are rich sources of natural oils such as essential and fixed oils used traditionally for nutritive as well as medicinal purposes. Most of the traditional formulations or phytopharmaceutical formulations contain oil as the main ingredient due to their own therapeutic applications and thus mitigating several pathogeneses such as fungal/bacterial/viral infection, gout, psoriasis, analgesic, antioxidant, skin infection, etc. Due to the lack of quality standards and progressive adulteration in the natural oils, their therapeutic efficacy is continuously deteriorated. To develop quality standards and validate scientific aspects on essential oils, several chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques such as HPTLC, HPLC, NMR, LC-MS, and GC-MS have been termed as the choices of techniques for better exploration of metabolites, hence sustaining the authenticity of the essential oils. In this review, chemical profiling and quality control aspects of essential or fixed oils have been explored from previously reported literature in reputed journals. Methods of chemical profiling, possible identified metabolites in essential oils, and their therapeutic applications have been described. The outcome of the review reveals that GC-MS/MS, LC-MS/MS, and NMR-based chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques are the most liable, economic, precise, and accurate techniques for determining the spuriousness or adulteration of oils based on their qualitative and quantitative chemical profiling studies. This review occupies the extensive information about the quality standards of several oils obtained from natural sources for their regulatory aspects via providing the detailed methods used in chemoprofiling techniques. Hence, this review helps researchers in further therapeutic exploration as well as quality-based standardization for their regulatory purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadab Ali
- IIMT
College of Medical Sciences, IIMT University, O Pocket, Ganga Nagar, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh 250001, India
| | - Rustam Ekbbal
- IIMT
College of Medical Sciences, IIMT University, O Pocket, Ganga Nagar, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh 250001, India
| | - Sapna Salar
- BBDIT
College of Pharmacy, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201206, India
| | - Yasheshwar
- Department
of Botany, Acharya Narendra Dev College
(University of Delhi), Govindpuri,
Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India
| | - Sayad Ahad Ali
- IIMT
College of Medical Sciences, IIMT University, O Pocket, Ganga Nagar, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh 250001, India
| | - Aakash Kumar Jaiswal
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IIMT University, O Pocket, Ganga Nagar, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh 250001, India
| | - Mhaveer Singh
- Pharmacy
Academy, IFTM University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh 244102, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Yadav
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana 122505, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department
of Botany, Maharaja Bijli Paasi Government
Post Graduate College, Sector M, Ashiyana, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226012, India
| | - Gaurav
- IIMT
College of Medical Sciences, IIMT University, O Pocket, Ganga Nagar, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh 250001, India
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Tamothran AM, Bhubalan K, Anuar ST, Curtis JM. The degradation and toxicity of commercially traded vegetable oils following spills in aquatic environment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113985. [PMID: 35970378 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The production of commodity and specialty vegetable oils is increasing every year to fulfill the ever-increasing demand where the trading of oils occurs primarily via sea shipping. Spills of vegetable oil into the aquatic environment may result in detrimental effects on aquatic ecosystems. Environmental degradation of vegetable oil spills occurs mainly via microbial activity, chemical oxidation, wave and wind actions. However, the polymerization of oils can hinder their ability to naturally degrade. Thus, human intervention in the form of both short- and long-term remediation, is desirable to reduce the effects of vegetable oil spills on aquatic ecosystems. Studies have been conducted to determine how the type and concentration of the vegetable oil contamination influence its toxicity on various organisms. Some studies show that the effect of vegetable oil spills is found to be relatively short-lived and to a certain extent increase the survivability of certain organisms. However, the integrated effect of vegetable oil spills on aquatic organisms and their environment is still being researched. This review summarizes the existing knowledge on the reported occurrences of vegetable oil spills, their degradation, and their toxicity towards the surrounding aquatic environment which would be helpful in the knowledge transfer of remediation of vegetable oils.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kesaven Bhubalan
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Ocean Pollution and Ecotoxicology Research Group, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Sabiqah Tuan Anuar
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Jonathan M Curtis
- Lipid Chemistry Group, Dept. of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
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Influence of the Intrinsic Characteristics of Cementitious Materials on Biofouling in the Marine Environment. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13052625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Coastal marine ecosystems provide essential benefits and services to humanity, but many are rapidly degrading. Human activities are leading to significant land take along coastlines and to major changes in ecosystems. Ecological engineering tools capable of promoting large-scale restoration of coastal ecosystems are needed today in the face of intensifying climatic stress and human activities. Concrete is one of the materials most commonly used in the construction of coastal and marine infrastructure. Immersed in seawater, concretes are rapidly colonized by microorganisms and macroorganisms. Surface colonization and subsequent biofilm and biofouling formation provide numerous advantages to these organisms and support critical ecological and biogeochemical functions in the changing marine environment. The new challenge of the 21st century is to develop innovative concretes that, in addition to their usual properties, provide improved bioreceptivity in order to enhance marine biodiversity. The aim of this study is to master and clarify the intrinsic parameters that influence the bioreceptivity (biocolonization) of cementitious materials in the marine environment. By coupling biofilm (culture-based methods) and biofouling (image-analysis-based method and wet-/dry-weight biomass measurement) quantification techniques, this study showed that the application of a curing compound to the concrete surface reduced the biocolonization of cementitious materials in seawater, whereas green formwork oil had the opposite effect. This study also found that certain surface conditions (faceted and patterned surface, rough surface) promote the bacterial and macroorganism colonization of cementitious materials. Among the parameters examined, surface roughness proved to be the factor that promotes biocolonization most effectively. These results could be taken up in future recommendations to enable engineers to eco-design more eco-friendly marine infrastructure and develop green-engineering projects.
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Rodrigues EM, de Carvalho Teixeira AVN, Cesar DE, Tótola MR. Strategy to improve crude oil biodegradation in oligotrophic aquatic environments: W/O/W fertilized emulsions and hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:1159-1168. [PMID: 32078731 PMCID: PMC7455643 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00244-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied petroleum biodegradation by biostimulation by using water in oil in water (W/O/W) double emulsions. These emulsions were developed using seawater, canola oil, surfactants, and mineral salts as sources of NPK. The emulsions were used in the simulation of hydrocarbon bioremediation in oligotrophic sea water. Hydrocarbon biodegradation was evaluated by CO2 emissions from microcosms. We also evaluated the release of inorganic nutrients and the stability of the emulsion's droplets. The double emulsions improved CO2 emission from the microcosms, suggesting the increase in the hydrocarbon biodegradation. Mineral nutrients were gradually released from the emulsions supporting the hydrocarbon biodegradation. This was attributed to the formation of different diameters of droplets and therefore, varying stabilities of the droplets. Addition of the selected hydrocarbonoclastic isolates simulating bioaugmentation improved the hydrocarbon biodegradation. We conclude that the nutrient-rich W/O/W emulsion developed in this study is an effective biostimulation agent for bioremediation in oligotrophic aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmo Montes Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade para o Meio Ambiente, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs s/n, Centro, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará - IFCE - campus Camocim, Camocim, Ceará, Brazil.
| | | | - Dionéia Evangelista Cesar
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Biologia Molecular de Microorganismos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcos Rogério Tótola
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade para o Meio Ambiente, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs s/n, Centro, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Miteva V, Burlingame C, Sowers T, Brenchley J. Comparative evaluation of the indigenous microbial diversity vs. drilling fluid contaminants in the NEEM Greenland ice core. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2014; 89:238-56. [DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vanya Miteva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; The Pennsylvania State University; University Park PA USA
| | - Caroline Burlingame
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; The Pennsylvania State University; University Park PA USA
| | - Todd Sowers
- Department of Geosciences; Earth and Environment Systems Institute; The Pennsylvania State University; University Park PA USA
| | - Jean Brenchley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; The Pennsylvania State University; University Park PA USA
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Salam DA, Suidan MT, Venosa AD. Effect of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) on the aerobic biodegradation of a model vegetable oil in aquatic media. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:6798-6805. [PMID: 22680298 DOI: 10.1021/es2046712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidants added to vegetable oils to prevent lipid oxidation significantly affect their biodegradation in impacted aquatic environments. In this study, the effect of butylated-hydroxytoluene (BHT) on the biodegradation of glyceryl trilinoleate, a model vegetable oil highly susceptible to autoxidation, was determined. Biodegradation experiments were conducted in respirometric microcosms at an oil loading of 333 gal acre(-1) (0.31 L m(-2)) and BHT concentrations ranging from 0 to 800 mg kg(-1) (0, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg kg(-1)). Competition between polymerization and biodegradation of the oil was observed at all BHT concentrations and was significant in the microcosms not supplemented with the antioxidant. In all microcosms, intractable rigid polymers unavailable for bacterial degradation were formed. Infrared analysis evidenced the advanced stages of the oil autoxidation. After 19 weeks of incubation, only about 41% of the oil was mineralized in the microcosms with no BHT. However, mineralization exceeded 67% in the microcosms with added antioxidant and did not significantly increase with increasing BHT concentrations. Biodegradation rate constants were calculated by nonlinear regression and were not significantly different in the microcosms with added BHT (k = 0.001 h(-1)). Higher k values were measured in the microcosms lacking the antioxidant (k = 0.0023 h(-1)), most likely due to the increased oxygen consumption associated with the autoxidation process in this case. No toxicity was detected in all biotic microcosms at the end of the incubation period, while high toxicity (EC(50) = 4.78%) was measured in the abiotic blanks with no antioxidant and was attributed to the accumulation of autoxidation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darine A Salam
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, PO Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
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Salam DA, Naik N, Suidan MT, Venosa AD. Assessment of aquatic toxicity and oxygen depletion during aerobic biodegradation of vegetable oil: effect of oil loading and mixing regime. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:2352-2359. [PMID: 22264141 DOI: 10.1021/es2037993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The potential ecological impacts of aerobic biodegradation of vegetable oils on contaminated water columns was investigated in the laboratory at different oil loadings (100, 333, and 1,000 gal acre(-1)) and mixing regimes (fully, moderately, and nonmixed microcosms). The impacts were estimated by use of the Microtox assay and dissolved oxygen concentration measurements. The results of the Microtox assay showed no major toxicity at the 100 gal acre(-1) loading. Furthermore, oxygen was not completely depleted from the water column at this oil coverage. At higher oil loadings, oxygen was fully depleted from the mixed and nonmixed water columns. A transient toxicity in the aqueous phase was observed in the case of the moderately mixed microcosms at 333 gal acre(-1) and was maintained at moderate levels (EC(50) ∼ 30%) in the nonmixed microcosms. A substantial increase in toxicity (EC(50) ∼ 10%) was observed in both mixing conditions when the initial oil loading was increased to 1,000 gal acre(-1). At all oil loadings, significant toxicity (EC(50) < 2%) was found in the solid phase due to the strong partition of lipids to the biomass. Long and medium chains fatty acids associated with the measured toxicity were detected in both liquid and solid phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darine A Salam
- School of Energy, Environmental, Biological and Medical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, 701 Engineering Research Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0071, United States
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