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Alshehhi JRMH, Wanasingha N, Balu R, Mata J, Shah K, Dutta NK, Choudhury NR. 3D-Printable Sustainable Bioplastics from Gluten and Keratin. Gels 2024; 10:136. [PMID: 38391466 PMCID: PMC10887891 DOI: 10.3390/gels10020136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioplastic films comprising both plant- and animal-derived proteins have the potential to integrate the optimal characteristics inherent to the specific domain, which offers enormous potential to develop polymer alternatives to petroleum-based plastic. Herein, we present a facile strategy to develop hybrid films comprised of both wheat gluten and wool keratin proteins for the first time, employing a ruthenium-based photocrosslinking strategy. This approach addresses the demand for sustainable materials, reducing the environmental impact by using proteins from renewable and biodegradable sources. Gluten film was fabricated from an alcohol-water mixture soluble fraction, largely comprised of gliadin proteins. Co-crosslinking hydrolyzed low-molecular-weight keratin with gluten enhanced its hydrophilic properties and enabled the tuning of its physicochemical properties. Furthermore, the hierarchical structure of the fabricated films was studied using neutron scattering techniques, which revealed the presence of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic nanodomains, gliadin nanoclusters, and interconnected micropores in the matrix. The films exhibited a largely (>40%) β-sheet secondary structure, with diminishing gliadin aggregate intensity and increasing micropore size (from 1.2 to 2.2 µm) with an increase in keratin content. The hybrid films displayed improved molecular chain mobility, as evidenced by the decrease in the glass-transition temperature from ~179.7 °C to ~173.5 °C. Amongst the fabricated films, the G14K6 hybrid sample showed superior water uptake (6.80% after 30 days) compared to the pristine G20 sample (1.04%). The suitability of the developed system for multilayer 3D printing has also been demonstrated, with the 10-layer 3D-printed film exhibiting >92% accuracy, which has the potential for use in packaging, agricultural, and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nisal Wanasingha
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Rajkamal Balu
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Jitendra Mata
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering (ACNS), Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, NSW 2232, Australia
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Kalpit Shah
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Naba K Dutta
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Namita Roy Choudhury
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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2
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Zimmermann JA, Sirini N, Olivero CR, Renna MS, Signorini ML, Zbrun MV, Frizzo LS, Soto LP. Macroencapsulation of Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSPV002C as nutritional supplement for piglets: Storage stability and survival in gastrointestinal conditions. Rev Argent Microbiol 2024; 56:90-101. [PMID: 37923699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of the encapsulation of Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSPV002C in macrocapsules made from industrial materials during production, storage and under simulated gastrointestinal conditions in vitro and in vivo. The production of macrocapsules involved the evaluation of different wall materials (matrix), namely, gelatin and pregelatinized starch, different inoculums, matrix ratios, and diverse cryoprotectants (whey permeate and maltodextrin). The different macrocapsules were arranged in molds of similar size to pig pelleted food and lyophilized. Then, the viability of the macrocapsules was assessed over time during storage at different temperatures (freezing, refrigeration and room temperature) and atmospheres (vacuum and non-vaccum). The macrocapsules with 10% w/v gelatin+5% w/v pregelatinized starch, permeated (10%, w/v), with a 9:1 inoculum:matrix ratio (GS7.5P9), stored under freezing conditions and vacuum, exhibited the highest viability of L. reuteri DSPV002C (9.3 log CFU/cap until 210 d). Under simulated gastrointestinal conditions, the encapsulated inoculum showed less viability loss (0.58±0.09 log CFU/ml, 26.53%), compared to the free culture (1.56±0.16 log CFU/ml, 2.85%). Finally, by administering GS7.5P9 to pigs, the tolerance of the bacteria to the gastrointestinal environment was verified, with viable counts equal to or greater than 3.72 log CFU/g of fecal matter throughout the trial. In this study, a high-density carrier probiotic macrocapsule of L. reuteri DSPV002C was obtained, which displayed a long shelf life, a suitable shape to be included in pig feed and an adequate survival of viable cells at the site of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Alberto Zimmermann
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Institute of Veterinary Science, National University of the Littoral, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, Kreder 2805, S3080HOF Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Noelí Sirini
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Institute of Veterinary Science, National University of the Littoral, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, Kreder 2805, S3080HOF Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carolina Raquel Olivero
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Institute of Veterinary Science, National University of the Littoral, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, Kreder 2805, S3080HOF Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Sol Renna
- Laboratory of Applied Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Veterinary Science, National University of the Littoral, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, Kreder 2805, S3080HOF Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Lisandro Signorini
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of the Littoral, Kreder 2805, S3080HOF Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina; National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, National Institute of Agricultural Technology EEA Rafaela, Ruta 34 Km 227, 2300 Rafaela, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - María Virginia Zbrun
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Institute of Veterinary Science, National University of the Littoral, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, Kreder 2805, S3080HOF Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of the Littoral, Kreder 2805, S3080HOF Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Laureano Sebastián Frizzo
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Institute of Veterinary Science, National University of the Littoral, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, Kreder 2805, S3080HOF Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of the Littoral, Kreder 2805, S3080HOF Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Lorena Paola Soto
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Institute of Veterinary Science, National University of the Littoral, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, Kreder 2805, S3080HOF Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of the Littoral, Kreder 2805, S3080HOF Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
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3
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López-de-Dicastillo C, Gómez-Estaca J, López-Carballo G, Gavara R, Hernández-Muñoz P. Agro-Industrial Protein Waste and Co-Products Valorization for the Development of Bioplastics: Thermoprocessing and Characterization of Feather Keratin/Gliadin Blends. Molecules 2023; 28:7350. [PMID: 37959768 PMCID: PMC10647550 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Biopolymers based on plant and animal proteins are interesting alternatives in the development of films with future prospects as food packaging. Considering that in recent years there has been an increasing interest in the valorization of agro-industrial residues and by-products and that the blending of polymers can lead to materials with improved properties, in this work, keratin-rich feather fibers and gliadins were blended at different ratios in order to develop sustainable and biodegradable films. Control gliadin G100, feather F100 films, and their blends at 3:1 (G75F25), 2:2 (G50F50), and 1:3 (G25F75) ratios were successfully developed through thermoprocessing. The physical properties were differentiated as a function of the concentration of both polymeric matrices. Although gliadins showed higher hydrophilicity as confirmed by their highest swelling degree, films with high gliadin ratios exhibited lower water vapor permeability values at low and medium relative humidities. On the other hand, the feather fiber-based films displayed the highest Young's modulus values and provided an oxygen barrier to the blends, principally at the highest relative humidity. In conclusion, the blend of these protein-based polymers at different ratio resulted in interesting composites whose physical properties could be adjusted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol López-de-Dicastillo
- Packaging Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Av. Agustín Escardino, 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (G.L.-C.); (R.G.)
| | - Joaquín Gómez-Estaca
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Calle José Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Gracia López-Carballo
- Packaging Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Av. Agustín Escardino, 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (G.L.-C.); (R.G.)
| | - Rafael Gavara
- Packaging Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Av. Agustín Escardino, 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (G.L.-C.); (R.G.)
| | - Pilar Hernández-Muñoz
- Packaging Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Av. Agustín Escardino, 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (G.L.-C.); (R.G.)
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4
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Green Composites Based on Animal Fiber and Their Applications for a Sustainable Future. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030601. [PMID: 36771900 PMCID: PMC9919996 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Global climate change is already affecting the environment, as glaciers are receding, ice on rivers and lakes is melting, plant and animal range`s have altering, and trees are blooming early. Therefore, focus has shifted towards sustainable materials. There is a growing desire for materials that have a unique combination of qualities that metals, polymers, and other materials cannot provide, therefore scientists are turning their focus to green composites. Green composites offer a wide range of uses in automotive, aerospace, and marine applications. Composites are multiphase resources with separate interfaces that contain chemically different materials. Composites are made up of a variety of materials that are distinct in nature, and they give a set of desirable features that are superior to those of their predecessors or parents. Natural fibers are less expensive, more readily available, rust-resistant, plentiful, nontoxic, and safe for human skin, eyes, and respiratory systems. Green composites are created by combining renewable fibers with polymers (matrix) to create a new class of composites known as "green composites." This review includes studies on various animal-based fibers and their applications. In this article, recent advancements in the field of these fibers and their composites of fibers are also discussed. The physical, chemical, and mechanical properties are also discussed in this paper. Moreover, the benefits and drawbacks of using these fibers are also discussed in detail. Finally, the paper gives an outline of the topic. The results from composites constructed from each fiber are provided, along with appropriate references for more in-depth analysis studies. This review is specially performed to strengthen the knowledge bank of the young researchers working in the field of natural composites.
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5
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Nuutinen EM, Virtanen T, Lantto R, Vähä-Nissi M, Jääskeläinen AS. Ductile keratin films from deep eutectic solvent-fractionated feathers. RSC Adv 2021; 11:27512-27522. [PMID: 35480675 PMCID: PMC9037859 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05123g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Feathers, an industrial by-product, are a valuable source of keratin that could be used, for example, in the preparation of films for biomedical and packaging applications. However, the utilisation of feather keratin requires scalable processes to convert feathers into a feasible keratin stream. This paper shows how deep eutectic solvent (DES) fractionated feathers could be converted into strong films. In the DES fractionation process, two keratin fractions with different molecular weights were obtained. The films made of the high molecular weight keratin fraction had better mechanical properties and stability against moisture than the films made of the low molecular weight keratin fraction. The strength properties were further improved by cross-linking the keratin with diglycidyl ether enabling the formation of a uniform keratin network, whereas glutaraldehyde did not show a clear cross-linking effect. These keratin films could be used, for example, in food packaging or medical applications such as wound care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmi-Maria Nuutinen
- Sustainable products and materials, VTT, Technical Research Centre of Finland Tietotie 2 FI-02044 Espoo Finland +358406817126
| | - Tommi Virtanen
- Sustainable products and materials, VTT, Technical Research Centre of Finland Tietotie 2 FI-02044 Espoo Finland +358406817126
| | - Raija Lantto
- Sustainable products and materials, VTT, Technical Research Centre of Finland Tietotie 2 FI-02044 Espoo Finland +358406817126
| | - Mika Vähä-Nissi
- Sustainable products and materials, VTT, Technical Research Centre of Finland Tietotie 2 FI-02044 Espoo Finland +358406817126
| | - Anna-Stiina Jääskeläinen
- Sustainable products and materials, VTT, Technical Research Centre of Finland Tietotie 2 FI-02044 Espoo Finland +358406817126
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6
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Khodaei D, Álvarez C, Mullen AM. Biodegradable Packaging Materials from Animal Processing Co-Products and Wastes: An Overview. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2561. [PMID: 34372163 PMCID: PMC8348897 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable polymers are non-toxic, environmentally friendly biopolymers with considerable mechanical and barrier properties that can be degraded in industrial or home composting conditions. These biopolymers can be generated from sustainable natural sources or from the agricultural and animal processing co-products and wastes. Animals processing co-products are low value, underutilized, non-meat components that are generally generated from meat processing or slaughterhouse such as hide, blood, some offal etc. These are often converted into low-value products such as animal feed or in some cases disposed of as waste. Collagen, gelatin, keratin, myofibrillar proteins, and chitosan are the major value-added biopolymers obtained from the processing of animal's products. While these have many applications in food and pharmaceutical industries, a significant amount is underutilized and therefore hold potential for use in the generation of bioplastics. This review summarizes the research progress on the utilization of meat processing co-products to fabricate biodegradable polymers with the main focus on food industry applications. In addition, the factors affecting the application of biodegradable polymers in the packaging sector, their current industrial status, and regulations are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anne Maria Mullen
- Department of Food Quality and Sensory Science, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin, Ireland; (D.K.); (C.Á.)
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7
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Comparison of Mechanical and Physicochemical Characteristics of Potato Starch and Gelatine Blend Bioplastics Made with Gelatines from Different Sources. CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cleantechnol3020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Environmentally friendly packaging is becoming more popular as the number of companies implementing more sustainable solutions continues to increase, and consumers become more aware and choose more environmentally friendly options. However, not all environmentally friendly packaging meets all desirable properties, as some are only partially made of renewable raw materials or degrade over a long period of time. Bioplastics constructed from blends of gelatine and starch are solely made from renewable raw materials. Combined with relatively short degradation times, these materials have the potential to replace currently used, non-biodegradable film and single-use plastics. However, despite these advantages, further research is required to identify the best combination of raw materials, selectively and collectively, and to then optimise the appropriate physicochemical properties of the resultant bioplastics. In this study, gelatine from different sources (piscine, porcine, bovine) combined with potato starch was used to generate home-compostable bioplastics. These bioplastics were assessed in terms of water solubility, water content, opacity, surface roughness, and key mechanical properties such as tensile strength. Significant differences were found, particularly for piscine gelatine blends. It was concluded that piscine gelatine is a promising protein with highly relevant properties for the bioplastics industry.
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8
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Abstract
Due to the negative environmental impacts of synthetic plastics, the development of biodegradable plastics for both industrial and commercial applications is essential today. Researchers have developed various starch-based composites for different applications. The present work investigates the corn and rice starch-based bioplastics for packaging applications. Various samples of bioplastics are produced, with different compositions of corn and rice starch, glycerol, citric acid, and gelatin. The tensile properties were improved after adding rice starch. However, water absorption and water solubility were reduced. On the basis of these results, the best sample was analyzed for thickness testing, biodegradability properties, SEM, hydrophilicity, thermogravimetric analysis, and sealing properties of bioplastic. The results show the suitability of rice and corn-based thermoplastic starch for packaging applications.
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9
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Aranberri I, Montes S, Azcune I, Rekondo A, Grande HJ. Flexible Biocomposites with Enhanced Interfacial Compatibility Based on Keratin Fibers and Sulfur-Containing Poly(urea-urethane)s. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1056. [PMID: 30960981 PMCID: PMC6403905 DOI: 10.3390/polym10101056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Feathers are made of keratin, a fibrous protein with high content of disulfide-crosslinks and hydrogen-bonds. Feathers have been mainly used as reinforcing fiber in the preparation of biocomposites with a wide variety of polymers, also poly(urea-urethane)s. Surface compatibility between the keratin fiber and the matrix is crucial for having homogenous, high quality composites with superior mechanical properties. Poly(urea-urethane) type polymers are convenient for this purpose due to the presence of polar functionalities capable of forming hydrogen-bonds with keratin. Here, we demonstrate that the interfacial compatibility can be further enhanced by incorporating sulfur moieties in the polymer backbone that lead to new fiber-matrix interactions. We comparatively studied two analogous thermoplastic poly(urea-urethane) elastomers prepared starting from the same isocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymer and two aromatic diamine chain extenders, bis(4-aminophenyl) disulfide (TPUU-SS) and the sulfur-free counterpart bis(4-aminophenyl) methane (TPUU). Then, biocomposites with high feather loadings (40, 50, 60 and 75 wt %) were prepared in a torque rheometer and hot-compressed into flexible sheets. Mechanical characterization showed that TPUU-SS based materials underwent higher improvement in mechanical properties than biocomposites made of the reference TPUU (up to 7.5-fold higher tensile strength compared to neat polymer versus 2.3-fold). Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) images also provided evidence that fibers were completely embedded in the TPUU-SS matrix. Additionally, density, thermal stability, and water absorption of the biocomposites were thoroughly characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibon Aranberri
- CIDETEC Research Centre, Paseo de Miramón, 196, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
| | - Sarah Montes
- CIDETEC Research Centre, Paseo de Miramón, 196, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
| | - Itxaso Azcune
- CIDETEC Research Centre, Paseo de Miramón, 196, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
| | - Alaitz Rekondo
- CIDETEC Research Centre, Paseo de Miramón, 196, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
| | - Hans-Jürgen Grande
- CIDETEC Research Centre, Paseo de Miramón, 196, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
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10
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Liu S, Huang K, Yu H, Wu F. Bioplastic based on 1,8-octanediol-plasticized feather keratin: A material for food packaging and biomedical applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 People's Republic of China
| | - Kaibing Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 People's Republic of China
| | - Han Yu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 People's Republic of China
| | - Fenxia Wu
- Changsha Loyal Chemical Technology Company Limited; Changsha 410082 People's Republic of China
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11
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Shavandi A, Silva TH, Bekhit AA, Bekhit AEDA. Keratin: dissolution, extraction and biomedical application. Biomater Sci 2018; 5:1699-1735. [PMID: 28686242 DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00411g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Keratinous materials such as wool, feathers and hooves are tough unique biological co-products that usually have high sulfur and protein contents. A high cystine content (7-13%) differentiates keratins from other structural proteins, such as collagen and elastin. Dissolution and extraction of keratin is a difficult process compared to other natural polymers, such as chitosan, starch, collagen, and a large-scale use of keratin depends on employing a relatively fast, cost-effective and time efficient extraction method. Keratin has some inherent ability to facilitate cell adhesion, proliferation, and regeneration of the tissue, therefore keratin biomaterials can provide a biocompatible matrix for regrowth and regeneration of the defective tissue. Additionally, due to its amino acid constituents, keratin can be tailored and finely tuned to meet the exact requirement of degradation, drug release or incorporation of different hydrophobic or hydrophilic tails. This review discusses the various methods available for the dissolution and extraction of keratin with emphasis on their advantages and limitations. The impacts of various methods and chemicals used on the structure and the properties of keratin are discussed with the aim of highlighting options available toward commercial keratin production. This review also reports the properties of various keratin-based biomaterials and critically examines how these materials are influenced by the keratin extraction procedure, discussing the features that make them effective as biomedical applications, as well as some of the mechanisms of action and physiological roles of keratin. Particular attention is given to the practical application of keratin biomaterials, namely addressing the advantages and limitations on the use of keratin films, 3D composite scaffolds and keratin hydrogels for tissue engineering, wound healing, hemostatic and controlled drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Shavandi
- Center for Materials Science and Technology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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12
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Barkan Y, Levinman M, Veprinsky-Zuzuliya I, Tsach T, Merqioul E, Blum G, Domb AJ, Basu A. Comparative evaluation of polycyanoacrylates. Acta Biomater 2017; 48:390-400. [PMID: 27826005 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cyanoacrylate esters (CA) and their corresponding polymers (PolyCA) are used as general and medical adhesives, biodegradable carriers for controlled drug delivery, and as agents for fingerprint development in forensic science. Most reports of cyanoacrylate are on ethyl or 2-octyl cyanoacrylate ester with little attention to other esters. It is the objective of this study to determine the differences amongst cyanoacrylate esters regarding their synthesis, chemical characterization, hydrolytic degradation, and thermal and mechanical properties. Cyanoacrylate polymers of short and long alkyls or oxy-alkyls, cyclic, and aromatic esters have been synthesized and evaluated. All monomers form polymers when exposed to triethylamine vapours possessing molecular weights in the range of 15,000-150,000Da, where the alkyl esters form high MW polymers. A wide range of hydrolytic degradation rates has been found, as monitored by the release of formaldehyde over time. Alkoxy CAs show faster hydrolytic degradation compared to alkyl CAs. Regarding mechanical properties, CAs are classified into primarily viscous (G'>G″) and primarily elastic (G″>G'). Alkoxy CA polymers have a higher loss modulus (G') than storage modulus (G″). Octyl CA polymer possess a G'≈G″ (phase angle ∼45°) providing appropriate balance between mechanical strength and plasticity. Most alkyl CAs are compact and brittle. Alkoxy CAs show enhanced plasticity, but they lack mechanical strength. In general, the Tg for alkoxy CAs is less than alkyl CAs. Alkoxy CAs depolymerise rapidly at temperatures >200°C. Overall, ester sidechains of CA esters strongly affect the polymer property. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Polycyanoacrylates are an important class of biodegradable polymers mainly used as bioadhesives. The study describes comparative evaluation of different cyanoacrylate polymers with respect to their chemistry, degradation, safety, mechanical, and thermal properties. The study forms the basis for choosing appropriate combination of cyanoacrylate esters for various biomedical uses. Moreover, this study reveals properties of a few new polycyanoacrylates for the first time.
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13
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He M, Zhang B, Dou Y, Yin G, Cui Y. Blend modification of feather keratin-based films using sodium alginate. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710072 People's Republic of China
| | - Buning Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Zhongkai University of Agricultural and Engineering; Guangzhou 510225 People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Dou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710072 People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Yin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Zhongkai University of Agricultural and Engineering; Guangzhou 510225 People's Republic of China
| | - Yingde Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710072 People's Republic of China
- Guangzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Guangzhou 510550, People's Republic of China
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14
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Brown JE, Davidowski SK, Xu D, Cebe P, Onofrei D, Holland GP, Kaplan DL. Thermal and Structural Properties of Silk Biomaterials Plasticized by Glycerol. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:3911-3921. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen K. Davidowski
- School
of Molecular Sciences and the Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Dian Xu
- School
of Molecular Sciences and the Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | | | - David Onofrei
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500
Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182-1030, United States
| | - Gregory P. Holland
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500
Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182-1030, United States
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Sanuja S, Agalya A, Umapathy MJ. Synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide-neem oil-chitosan bionanocomposite for food packaging application. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 74:76-84. [PMID: 25499891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Nano zinc oxide at different concentrations (0.1, 0.3 and 0.5%) and neem essential oil were incorporated into the chitosan polymer by solution cast method to enhance the properties of the bionanocomposite film. The functional groups, crystalline particle size, thermal stability and morphology were determined using FTIR, XRD, TGA and SEM, respectively. The results showed that 0.5% nano zinc oxide incorporated composite film have improved tensile strength, elongation, film thickness, film transparency and decreased water solubility, swelling and barrier properties due to the presence of neem oil and nano zinc oxide in the polymer matrix. Further antibacterial activity by well diffusion assay method was followed against Escherichia coli which were found to have good inhibition effect. In addition to this food quality application were carried against carrot and compared with the commercial film.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sanuja
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering Guindy, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, India.
| | - A Agalya
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering Guindy, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - M J Umapathy
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering Guindy, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, India.
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16
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Poole AJ, Church JS. The effects of physical and chemical treatments on Na2S produced feather keratin films. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 73:99-108. [PMID: 25445691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The industrial utilisation of feather keratin as a biopolymer has proven difficult due to the lack of a viable extraction technique and the poor mechanical properties of the regenerated products. Here, pure keratin films were produced from chicken feathers using sodium sulphide as sole extraction reagent in a scheme that allows films to be formed without residual chemicals. In a comparison to other films, those produced using Na2S extraction were found to be superior to other regenerated protein films and were similar to un-oriented commercial polymers. However, there was considerable variation in tensile properties between twenty repetitions of extracting and casting films which was attributed to variations in chain entanglement caused by the drying conditions. Chemical and physical treatments including crosslinking, dehydration and addition of nano-particles were investigated as means to enhance these properties. Significant increases were achieved by soaking films in isopropyl alcohol or weak acid (13 to 50% increases) or by formaldehyde or glutaraldehyde crosslinking (24 to 40% increases). The wide range of values across the pure keratin films indicates that the best route to further strength improvement may be from optimising self-assembly via controlling drying conditions, rather than from chemical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Poole
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship, PO Box 21, Belmont 3216, VIC, Australia.
| | - Jeffrey S Church
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship, PO Box 21, Belmont 3216, VIC, Australia
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17
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Ghosh A, Clerens S, Deb-Choudhury S, Dyer JM. Thermal effects of ionic liquid dissolution on the structures and properties of regenerated wool keratin. Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Sanuja S, Agalya A, Umapathy MJ. Studies on Magnesium Oxide Reinforced Chitosan Bionanocomposite Incorporated with Clove Oil for Active Food Packaging Application. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2013.879445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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Wang X, Lu C, Chen C. Effect of chicken-feather protein-based flame retardant on flame retarding performance of cotton fabric. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Wang
- School of Textile and Material; Xi'an Polytechnic University; Xi'an 710048 People's Republic of China
| | - Changqin Lu
- School of Textile and Material; Xi'an Polytechnic University; Xi'an 710048 People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxiao Chen
- School of Textile and Material; Xi'an Polytechnic University; Xi'an 710048 People's Republic of China
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