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Richards VL, Glenn SD, Turrisi RJ, Mallett KA, Ackerman S, Russell MA. Transdermal alcohol concentration features predict alcohol-induced blackouts in college students. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 48:880-888. [PMID: 38639884 PMCID: PMC11114374 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-induced blackouts (AIBs) are common in college students. Individuals with AIBs also experience acute and chronic alcohol-related consequences. Research suggests that how students drink is an important predictor of AIBs. We used transdermal alcohol concentration (TAC) sensors to measure biomarkers of increasing alcohol intoxication (rise rate, peak, and rise duration) in a sample of college students. We hypothesized that the TAC biomarkers would be positively associated with AIBs. METHODS Students were eligible to participate if they were aged 18-22 years, in their second or third year of college, reported drinking 4+ drinks on a typical Friday or Saturday, experienced ≥1 AIB in the past semester, owned an iPhone, and were willing to wear a sensor for 3 days each weekend. Students (N = 79, 55.7% female, 86.1% White, Mage = 20.1) wore TAC sensors and completed daily diaries over four consecutive weekends (89.9% completion rate). AIBs were assessed using the Alcohol-Induced Blackout Measure-2. Logistic multilevel models were conducted to test for main effects. RESULTS Days with faster TAC rise rates (OR = 2.69, 95% CI: 1.56, 5.90), higher peak TACs (OR = 2.93, 95% CI: 1.64, 7.11), and longer rise TAC durations (OR = 4.16, 95% CI: 2.08, 10.62) were associated with greater odds of experiencing an AIB. CONCLUSIONS In a sample of "risky" drinking college students, three TAC drinking features identified as being related to rising intoxication independently predicted the risk for daily AIBs. Our findings suggest that considering how an individual drinks (assessed using TAC biomarkers), rather than quantity alone, is important for assessing risk and has implications for efforts to reduce risk. Not only is speed of intoxication important for predicting AIBs, but the height of the peak intoxication and the time spent reaching the peak are important predictors, each with different implications for prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica L. Richards
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shannon D. Glenn
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert J. Turrisi
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kimberly A. Mallett
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sarah Ackerman
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael A. Russell
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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Glenn SD, Turrisi RJ, Richards VL, Russell MA, Mallett KA. A Dual-Process Decision-Making Model Examining the Longitudinal Associations Between Alcohol-Induced Blackouts and Alcohol Use Disorder Risk Among College Student Drinkers. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2024; 85:73-83. [PMID: 37768675 PMCID: PMC10846608 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.23-00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to use a dual-process decision-making model to examine the longitudinal associations between alcohol-induced blackouts (blackouts) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) risk symptoms among college student drinkers. METHOD Undergraduate drinkers (N = 2,024; 56% female; 87% White; 5% Hispanic) at a large northeastern university completed online surveys each semester during their first (Time [T] 1, T2), second (T3, T4), third (T5, T6), and fourth (T7, T8) years of college (87% retention across the study). Path analyses were examined testing the longitudinal associations between T1 willingness to experience a blackout, T1 intentions to avoid a blackout, T2-T8 drinking, T2-T8 blackouts, and T8 AUD risk symptoms. Hypotheses 1 and 2 tested the associations between T1 willingness, T1 intentions, T2-T8 drinking, and T2-T8 blackouts. Hypothesis 3 tested the associations between T2-T8 drinking, T2-T8 blackouts, and T8 AUD risk symptoms. RESULTS Students experienced an average of 8 (SD = 8) blackouts during college. Approximately 1,514 (88.8%) participants reported experiencing 1 of 8 AUD risk symptoms. T1 willingness was positively associated with T2-T8 blackouts. T2-T8 drinking and T2-T8 blackouts were positively associated with T8 AUD risk symptoms. T1 willingness significantly indirectly affected T8 AUD risk symptoms through its association with T2-T8 blackouts. CONCLUSIONS Results estimated that, on average, college student drinkers experienced eight blackouts across 4 years of college, and 88% of participants reported experiencing at least one symptom of AUD in the last semester of college. Willingness to experience a blackout influenced students' AUD risk symptoms through the number of blackouts they experienced throughout college.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon D. Glenn
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert J. Turrisi
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Veronica L. Richards
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael A. Russell
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Kimberly A. Mallett
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
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Jaffe AE, Blayney JA, Graupensperger S, Stappenbeck CA, Bedard-Gilligan M, Larimer M. Personalized normative feedback for hazardous drinking among college women: Differential outcomes by history of incapacitated rape. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2023; 37:863-874. [PMID: 34435831 PMCID: PMC8881529 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Personalized normative feedback (PNF) interventions are effective at reducing hazardous drinking in college. However, little is known about who is most receptive to PNF. College women with a history of alcohol-related incapacitated rape (IR) are at elevated risk for hazardous drinking, but it is unclear what impact intervention messaging may have on this group and how their outcomes compare to those without past IR. To address this gap, this study involved secondary data analysis of a large web-based clinical trial. METHOD Heavy drinking college women (N = 1,188) were randomized into PNF (n = 895) or control conditions (n = 293). Postintervention, women reported their reactions to intervention messaging. Hazardous drinking outcomes (typical drinking, heavy episodic drinking [HED], peak estimated blood alcohol content [eBAC], blackout frequency) were assessed at baseline and 12 months. RESULTS Past IR was reported by 16.3% (n = 194) of women. Women with a history of IR reported more baseline hazardous drinking and greater readiness to change than women without IR. For those who received PNF, history of IR related to greater perceived impact of the intervention, but no difference in satisfaction with the message. After controlling for baseline drinking, regressions revealed the effect of PNF was moderated by IR for frequency of HED at 12 months. Simple main effects revealed PNF was associated with lower levels of hazardous drinking at follow-up among women with past IR. CONCLUSIONS This initial investigation suggests PNF is a low resource and easily disseminated intervention that can have a positive impact on college women with past IR. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Jaffe
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
| | - Jessica A Blayney
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington
| | | | | | | | - Mary Larimer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington
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Richards VL, Glenn SD, Turrisi RJ, Altstaedter A, Mallett KA, Russell MA. Does it really matter that I do not remember my night? Consequences related to blacking out among college student drinkers. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 47:1798-1805. [PMID: 37533347 PMCID: PMC10834833 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-induced blackouts (AIBs) are experienced frequently by college student drinkers and are more likely to occur on days with high-intensity drinking (HID; 8+ for females/10+ for males) than non-HID days. Research suggests that AIBs are associated with experiencing other alcohol-related consequences (ARCs), including more serious ARCs (SARCs; e.g., legal and sexual consequences), but we do not know whether individuals experience more ARCs and more SARCs on occasions when they black out than when they do not black out. This study examines the associations between AIBs and the total number of both ARCs and SARCs. METHODS Students (N = 462, 51.7% female, 87.7% White, Mage = 20.1) were assessed across 6 weekends via e-surveys (80%-97% response rate). Multilevel models were used to test for main effects, controlling for drinking (HID or estimated blood alcohol concentration; eBAC) and sex. RESULTS Drinking days when an AIB was experienced were associated with more total ARCs (b = 3.54, 95% CI: 3.10, 3.99) and more SARCs (b = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.60, 0.95) per day than non-AIB days. The more frequently a person experienced an AIB, the more total ARCs (b = 5.33, 95% CI: 4.40, 6.25) and SARCs (1.05, 95% CI: 0.80, 1.30) they reported on average. CONCLUSION Alcohol-induced blackout days were associated with higher levels of harm than non-AIB days, even at the same levels of drinking. Interventions that focus on reducing the occurrence of AIBs and factors that contribute to them, in addition to reducing alcohol consumption, may help reduce total harm associated with drinking among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica L Richards
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shannon D Glenn
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert J Turrisi
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alyssa Altstaedter
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kimberly A Mallett
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael A Russell
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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Richards VL, Turrisi RJ, Glenn SD, Waldron KA, Rodriguez GC, Mallett KA, Russell MA. Alcohol-induced blackouts among college student drinkers: A multilevel analysis. Addict Behav 2023; 143:107706. [PMID: 37001258 PMCID: PMC10150855 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify factors (manner of drinking, combined alcohol and other substance use, physiology) that are associated with alcohol-induced blackouts (AIBs) over and above estimated blood alcohol concentration (eBAC). METHODS Students (N = 462, 51.7 % female, 87.7 % White, Mage = 20.1) were assessed across 6 weekends via e-surveys (80-97 % response rate). eBAC was calculated using standard number of drinks, drinking duration, sex, and weight. Three-level multilevel models (days, weeks, persons) were conducted to test for main effects, controlling for eBAC. RESULTS Protective behavioral strategies (PBS) were associated with decreased odds of AIBs on the daily (OR = 0.64, 95 % CI: 0.53, 0.77), weekly (OR = 0.84, 95 % CI: 0.72, 0.98), and person-levels (OR = 0.62, 95 % CI: 0.51, 0.74). Combined cannabis with alcohol was associated with increased odds of AIBs on the weekly (OR = 2.13, 95 % CI 1.13, 4.07) and person-levels (OR = 3.56, 95 % CI 1.60, 7.93). People who more frequently played drinking games (OR = 1.41, 95 % CI: 1.12, 1.77), pregamed (OR = 1.55, 95 % CI: 1.19, 2.03), and showed higher tolerance (OR = 1.22, 95 % CI: 1.08, 1.37) showed increased risk of AIBs, over and above eBAC levels. CONCLUSION We identified a number of daily-, weekly-, and person-level factors that uniquely contribute to the prediction of AIBs even at equivalent eBACs. Many of these factors were behavioral, suggesting that they may serve as malleable prevention targets for AIBs in college student drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica L Richards
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, 314 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
| | - Robert J Turrisi
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, 314 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, 219 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
| | - Shannon D Glenn
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, 314 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, 219 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
| | - Katja A Waldron
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, 314 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, 219 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
| | - Gabriel C Rodriguez
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, 219 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
| | - Kimberly A Mallett
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, 314 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
| | - Michael A Russell
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, 314 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, 219 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
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LaBrie JW, Boyle SC, Baez S, Trager BM, de Rutte JL, Tan CN, Earle AM. "Follow my Finsta": Drinking trajectories in relation to auxiliary Instagram accounts. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:749-757. [PMID: 34670108 PMCID: PMC9018868 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1906683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explored the burgeoning youth practice of possessing a fake, secondary Instagram account known as a "Finsta" in relation to exposure to alcohol-related content and college drinking. PARTICIPANTS First-year university students with at least a primary Instagram account (N = 296) completed online surveys. METHOD Surveys assessed whether participants did or did not have a Finsta pre-matriculation (T1), Instagram alcohol content exposure one month into college (T2), and alcohol use at T1 and near the end of the first year (T3). RESULTS Moderated mediation analysis revealed that having a Finsta at T1 was associated with greater exposure to alcohol-related posts at T2 and, for male but not female students, predicted heavier drinking at T3. CONCLUSION Findings are consistent with previous results suggesting that males may be more behaviorally impacted by peers' depictions of alcohol use on social media. This carries implications for social media-based intervention efforts targeting first-year students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W LaBrie
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah C Boyle
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sebastian Baez
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bradley M Trager
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Cara N Tan
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew M Earle
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Miller MB, Freeman LK, Aranda A, Shoemaker S, Sisk D, Rubi S, Everson AT, Flores LY, Williams MS, Dorimé-Williams ML, McCrae CS, Borsari B. Prevalence and correlates of alcohol-induced blackout in a diverse sample of veterans. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 47:395-405. [PMID: 36533546 PMCID: PMC9992316 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-induced blackouts have been associated concurrently and prospectively with alcohol-related harm. Although rates of heavy drinking among military samples tend to be comparable or higher than rates among civilian samples, the prevalence and correlates of blackout in the military population are understudied. METHODS Veterans (N = 241, 29% female, 39% Black) reported on their alcohol consumption and mental health as part of a larger health-related study among veterans. In this secondary analysis, we tested theoretically and empirically informed predictors (gender, drinking quantity, and other drug use) and consequences [depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)] of alcohol-induced blackout. Given the diversity of the sample, potential roles of racial/ethnic discrimination and drinking to cope in alcohol-induced blackout were also tested. RESULTS Past-year prevalence of alcohol-induced blackout was 53% among veterans who drank alcohol and 68% among those who screened positive for hazardous drinking. Everyday experience of racial discrimination was the strongest concurrent predictor of alcohol-induced blackout. Drinking quantity and use of other drugs were significant correlates only in bivariate models. Controlling for gender, race, drinking quantity, other drug use, and discrimination, blackout frequency was significantly associated with symptoms of depression, but not symptoms of PTSD. Both blackout and racial discrimination were associated with drinking to cope. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence and correlates of alcohol-induced blackout among veterans are largely consistent with those documented in civilian and young adult populations. Among racially diverse groups, racial discrimination may be more strongly associated with mental health symptoms than alcohol consumption or acute alcohol consequences such as blackout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Beth Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, 1 Hospital Dr DC067.00, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, College of Arts & Sciences, 210 McAlester Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Lindsey K. Freeman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, 1 Hospital Dr DC067.00, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, College of Arts & Sciences, 210 McAlester Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Amaya Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, 1 Hospital Dr DC067.00, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, College of Arts & Sciences, 210 McAlester Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Sydney Shoemaker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, 1 Hospital Dr DC067.00, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Delaney Sisk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, 1 Hospital Dr DC067.00, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Sofia Rubi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, 1 Hospital Dr DC067.00, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Adam T. Everson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, 1 Hospital Dr DC067.00, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Lisa Y. Flores
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, College of Arts & Sciences, 210 McAlester Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Michael S. Williams
- Department of Educational Leadership & Policy Analysis, University of Missouri, College of Education, 202 Hill Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Marjorie L. Dorimé-Williams
- Department of Educational Leadership & Policy Analysis, University of Missouri, College of Education, 202 Hill Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | | | - Brian Borsari
- Mental Health Service, San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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Jaffe AE, Blayney JA, Graupensperger S, Cooper R, Larimer ME. Prepartying and incapacitated rape: Is drinking a risk factor or an outcome? Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:447-457. [PMID: 35076100 PMCID: PMC8966982 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incapacitated rape (IR) is common in college and has been linked to heavier post-assault drinking and consequences, including blackouts. Following IR, college students may adjust their drinking in ways meant to increase perceived safety, such as enhancing situational control over one's drinks through prepartying, which is drinking before going out to a main social event. Although it is possible that prepartying could influence risk related to IR, it is unclear whether or how prepartying and IR are associated. METHODS To address these gaps, we examined prepartying as both a risk factor and a consequence of IR, including the reasons for prepartying. Across two studies (Study 1 N = 1074; Study 2 N = 1753) of college women and men, we examined associations between IR and prepartying motives, alcohol consumption, and alcohol-related blackouts. RESULTS Within the cross-sectional Study 1, negative binomial regressions revealed that having a history of IR was associated with more alcohol consumption and blackouts when prepartying. In a multivariate model, past-year IR was associated with preparty motives related to interpersonal enhancement, intimate pursuit, and barriers to consumption, but not situational control. Within the prospective Study 2, a path model revealed that preparty drinking was a prospective predictor of IR in the following year, but past-year IR did not predict subsequent prepartying. CONCLUSIONS Findings revealed a robust link between recent history of IR and prepartying regardless of gender. Prepartying was a prospective risk factor for subsequent IR. Although more research in this area is needed, addressing prepartying in alcohol interventions may contribute to the prevention of negative outcomes, including sexual assault.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Jaffe
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jessica A Blayney
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Scott Graupensperger
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rachel Cooper
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mary E Larimer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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9
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Boyle SC, LaBrie JW, Baez S, Taylor JE. Integrating social media inspired features into a personalized normative feedback intervention combats social media-based alcohol influence. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 228:109007. [PMID: 34500245 PMCID: PMC9006997 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKROUND Research suggests that the social media platforms popular on college campuses may reflect, reinforce, and even exacerbate heavy drinking practices among students. The present study was designed to directly examine: (1) whether exposure to alcohol-related content on social media diminishes the efficacy of a traditional web-based personalized normative feedback (PNF) alcohol intervention among first-year drinkers; and (2) if social media inspired features and digital game mechanics can be integrated into a PNF intervention to combat social media-based alcohol influence and increase efficacy. METHOD Alcohol experienced first-year college students (N = 223) completed a pre-survey that assessed exposure to alcohol-related content and social media and were randomized to 1 of 3 web-based alcohol PNF conditions (traditional, gamified only, or social media inspired gamified). One month later, participants' alcohol consumption was reassessed. RESULTS Among participants who received traditional PNF, social media-based alcohol exposure interacted with pre-intervention drinking such that traditional PNF was less effective in reducing drinking among heavier drinkers reporting greater exposure to alcohol-related social media content. Further, when regression models compared the efficacy of all three conditions, the social media inspired gamified PNF condition was significantly more effective in reducing drinking than was traditional PNF among moderate and heavy drinkers reporting greater exposure to alcohol on social media. CONCLUSION Although additional research is needed, these findings suggest that representing the population of students on whom normative statistics are based with social media-like user avatars and profiles may enhance the degree to which alcohol PNF is relatable and believable among high-risk students.
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Miller MB, Davis CN, Merrill JE, DiBello AM, Carey KB. Intentions and motives to experience alcohol-induced blackout among young adults in college. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2020; 34:690-698. [PMID: 32162962 PMCID: PMC7483153 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Blackouts are typically considered a negative consequence of alcohol use. Yet some college students report consuming alcohol with the intention of blacking out. This study examined intentions and motives for blackout drinking among young adults in college. College students with a past-year history of blackout (N = 350, 56% female, 73% White) completed an anonymous online survey. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the incidence of blackout intentions, and individuals who did and did not report future blackout intentions were then compared on drinking patterns, depressive symptoms, social norms, and outcome expectancies. Overall, 135 participants (39%) reported consuming alcohol in the past 30 days with the intention of losing memory of the night's events, and 107 (31%) reported blackout intentions in the next 30 days. When asked (via open text box) to indicate their motives for past blackout intentions, the majority of participants provided responses that fit with coping, social, or enhancement drinking motives. A larger proportion of men than women reported blackout intentions. As a group, those reporting future blackout intentions reported heavier, more frequent, and more problematic drinking, as well as more symptoms of depression and more positive (but not negative) outcome expectancies. A substantial subset of college students reporting a blackout in the past year also endorsed intentions to experience a blackout in the next 30 days. Given strong associations between intentions and subsequent behavior, interventions targeting blackout styles of drinking are warranted. The extent to which "blackout" drinking motives differ from traditional drinking motives is unclear. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Beth Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Dr DC067.00, Columbia, MO 65212, USA,Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Box G-S121-5, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Christal N. Davis
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, 210 McAlester Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Merrill
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Box G-S121-5, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Angelo M. DiBello
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Box G-S121-5, Providence, RI 02912, USA,Department of Psychology, City University of New York, Brooklyn College, 2900 Bedford Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA
| | - Kate B. Carey
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Box G-S121-5, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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11
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Miller MB, DiBello AM, Merrill JE, Neighbors C, Carey KB. The role of alcohol-induced blackouts in symptoms of depression among young adults. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 211:108027. [PMID: 32354579 PMCID: PMC7263566 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Blackouts are associated with other alcohol-related consequences and depression among young adults, but the mechanisms underlying these associations are unclear. Using two separate samples, we tested the hypothesis that blackouts would be linked to symptoms of depression due in part to their association with other alcohol-related consequences. METHOD Young adults who use alcohol completed assessments at baseline in Sample 1 (N1 = 381, 58% female) and baseline, 3 months, and 6 months in Sample 2 (N2 = 603, 53 % female). Bootstrapped confidence intervals were used to examine the direct and indirect effects of blackouts on depressive symptoms, using cross-sectional mediation analysis in Sample 1 and a counterfactual approach with longitudinal data in Sample 2. RESULTS In both samples, alcohol-induced blackouts were associated with alcohol-related consequences, which in turn were associated with symptoms of depression. In Sample 1, blackouts had both direct and indirect (mediated) effects on depressive symptoms. In Sample 2, blackouts measured at baseline only had an indirect effect on depressive symptoms six months later through other alcohol-related consequences at three months. CONCLUSIONS Among heavy-drinking college students, the majority of whom reported minimal symptoms of depression, blackouts were associated with increases in other alcohol-related consequences, which in turn were associated with increases in symptoms of depression. These findings suggest that prevention and intervention efforts targeting blackouts may help reduce other alcohol-related consequences among young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Beth Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri School of Medicine, 1 Hospital Dr DC067.00, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Box G-S121-5, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Angelo M DiBello
- Department of Psychology, City University of New York, Brooklyn College, 2900 Bedford Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA; Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Box G-S121-5, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Jennifer E Merrill
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Box G-S121-5, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Clayton Neighbors
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 3695 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Kate B Carey
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Box G-S121-5, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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Hennessy EA, Tanner-Smith EE, Mavridis D, Grant SP. Comparative Effectiveness of Brief Alcohol Interventions for College Students: Results from a Network Meta-Analysis. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2020; 20:715-740. [PMID: 30604290 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-018-0960-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Late adolescence is a time of increased drinking, and alcohol plays a predominant role in college social experiences. Colleges seeking to prevent students' hazardous drinking may elect to implement brief alcohol interventions (BAIs). However, numerous manualized BAIs exist, so an important question remains regarding the comparative effectiveness of these different types of BAIs for college students. This study uses network meta-analyses (NMA) to compare seven manualized BAIs for reducing problematic alcohol use among college students. We systematically searched multiple sources for literature, and we screened studies and extracted data in duplicate. For the quantitative synthesis, we employed a random-effects frequentist NMA to determine the effectiveness of different BAIs compared to controls and estimated the relative effectiveness ranking of each BAI. A systematic literature search resulted in 52 included studies: On average, 58% of participants were male, 75% were binge drinkers, and 20% were fraternity/sorority-affiliated students. Consistency models demonstrated that BASICS was consistently effective in reducing students' problematic alcohol use (ES range: g = - 0.23, 95%CI [- 0.36, - 0.16] to g = - 0.36, 95% CI [- 0.55, - 0.18]), but AlcoholEDU (g = - 0.13, 95%CI [- 0.22, - 0.04]), e-CHUG (g = - 0.35, 95%CI [- 0.45, - 0.05]), and THRIVE (g = - 0.47, 95%CI [- 0.60, - 0.33]) were also effective for some outcomes. Intervention rankings indicated that BASICS, THRIVE, and AlcoholEDU hold the most promise for future trials. Several BAIs appear effective for college students. BASICS was the most effective but is resource intensive and may be better suited for higher risk students; THRIVE and e-CHUG are less resource intensive and show promise for universal prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Alden Hennessy
- Department of Human and Organizational Development, Vanderbilt University, PMB 90, 230 Appleton Place, Nashville, TN, 37203-5721, USA. .,Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-1248, USA.
| | - Emily E Tanner-Smith
- Department of Human and Organizational Development, Vanderbilt University, PMB 90, 230 Appleton Place, Nashville, TN, 37203-5721, USA.,Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, 5251 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403-5251, USA
| | - Dimitris Mavridis
- Department of Primary Education, University of Ioannina, University Campus, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Sean P Grant
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Indiana University Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, 1050 Wishard Blvd, RG 6046, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
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13
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LaBrie JW, Boyle S, Earle A, Almstedt HC. Heavy Episodic Drinking Is Associated With Poorer Bone Health in Adolescent and Young Adult Women. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2019; 79:391-398. [PMID: 29885146 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2018.79.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoporosis is a costly bone disease characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) that primarily affects postmenopausal women. One factor that may lead to osteoporosis is a failure to reach peak bone mass (PBM) in early adulthood. In older adults and animal models, heavy episodic drinking (HED) has been found to predict failure to reach PBM. However, this relationship has yet to be investigated in adolescent human females. METHOD Female college students (N = 87; 60% White) reported age at menarche, hormonal contraceptive use, physical activity, smoking habits, and HED history via an online survey and then received a dual energy x-ray absorptiometry bone scan to assess both lean body mass and BMD at the lumbar spine. RESULTS Frequent HED (having four or more drinks within 2 hours on 115 or more occasions since the start of high school, which is approximately equal to 1.6 episodes per month over this period) was associated with decreased vertebral BMD even when variables most commonly associated with bone health (lean body mass, physical activity, age at menarche, smoking, and oral contraception use) were controlled for. However, early HED initiation (beginning HED at age 15 years or younger) was not significantly related to BMD. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to assess the impacts of early HED initiation and frequent HED during adolescence on the bone health of young women. Results suggest frequency of HED before reaching PBM, but not age at initiation, may be negatively related to skeletal health during young adulthood. These findings encourage research into the association between HED and BMD in late adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W LaBrie
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sarah Boyle
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California
| | - Andrew Earle
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hawley C Almstedt
- Department of Health and Human Sciences, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California
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Bonar EE, Goldstick JE, Cunningham RM, Fernandez AC, Davis AK, Ilgen MA, Walton MA. Individual and Social Factors Related to Trajectories of Blackouts among Underage Drinkers in the Emergency Department. Alcohol Alcohol 2019; 54:370-377. [PMID: 30608570 PMCID: PMC6671526 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agy087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Alcohol-related blackouts can result in acute injuries and other negative outcomes. Among underage risky drinkers, we examined longitudinal trajectories of blackout frequency following an emergency department (ED) visit, and identified baseline characteristics associated with blackout trajectory membership. METHODS Participants (ages 14-20; N = 836) attending an ED who screened positive for risky drinking and enrolled in a randomized-controlled trial of brief alcohol interventions were assessed at baseline, 3-, 6-, and 12-months. We used group-based trajectory modeling to determine characteristic trajectories of blackout frequency over 12-months in relation to baseline characteristics: demographics, substance use, delinquency, depression/anxiety symptoms, sexual assault, dating violence, and peer and sibling influences. RESULTS We identified four groups: No/Low blackouts (n = 248; 29.7%), Declining blackouts (n = 92; 11.0%), Moderate blackouts (n = 337; 40.3%) and High blackouts (n = 159; 19.0%); group membership did not differ based on intervention receipt. In adjusted analyses, compared to the No/Low group all other groups had higher odds of having an alcohol-related baseline ED visit. Female sex, alcohol consumption, prescription drug misuse, sexual assault while incapacitated due to substances, and negative peer influences were positively associated with membership in the High group; College/Greek life involvement was also highest. Negative peer influences and being in high school (vs. College/Greek life) also distinguished the Moderate group. CONCLUSION Blackout frequency was largely stable over time and riskier trajectories were marked by risk factors such as negative peer influences and college/Greek life involvement. Findings may inform targeted interventions, particularly for women who were in higher risk trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Bonar
- Addiction Center, University of Michigan Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI
- Injury Prevention Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jason E Goldstick
- Injury Prevention Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rebecca M Cunningham
- Injury Prevention Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anne C Fernandez
- Addiction Center, University of Michigan Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Alan K Davis
- Addiction Center, University of Michigan Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI
- Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark A Ilgen
- Addiction Center, University of Michigan Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI
- Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maureen A Walton
- Addiction Center, University of Michigan Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI
- Injury Prevention Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Haas AL, Lorkiewicz S, Zamboanga BL. Replication of factors related to blackout incidence in U.S. high school students: A brief report. Addict Behav 2019; 93:104-107. [PMID: 30703664 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol-related blackouts are a common, yet serious consequence that can result from heavy alcohol intake. This study tested a model examining whether factors identified in related samples (i.e., adolescents residing in the U.K. and U.S. college students) predicted blackouts in community-dwelling U.S. high school youth. Participants from a Northeastern U.S. high school with prior alcohol use (Mage = 16.0 years; 48.2% male, 78.0% White) completed a paper-and-pencil assessment including measures of demographics, alcohol and other substance use, externalizing behaviors, and injunctive norms about risky drinking behaviors. Hierarchical logistic regression examined which factors identified for U.K. residing adolescents (Block 1) replicated in the U.S. sample, and whether factors identified in samples of U.S. college students added additional explained variance (Block 2). Blackouts were reported by 35.6% of students. Regression results indicated that two variables previously identified in adolescents, female gender (OR = 3.26) and increased alcohol use (OR = 1.27) were associated with blackouts. College student risk factors of drinking game (DG) participation and, to a lesser degree injunctive norms for passing out, emerged as additional risk factors (ORs = 2.85 and 1.32, respectively), with the final model explaining 39% of the variance in blackouts. This study advances our understanding of blackouts in younger drinkers and identifies the importance of addressing blackouts within the context of intervention programming that addresses cognitions and high risk drinking practices like DGs.
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