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Saalfield J, Haag B. Alcohol Use Amongst Rural Adolescents and Young Adults: A Brief Review of the Literature. Psychol Rep 2024:332941241251460. [PMID: 38670573 DOI: 10.1177/00332941241251460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The sociodevelopmental periods of adolescence and young adulthood are rife with alcohol use. However, much of the literature demonstrating this comes from 'traditional' settings and college campuses (i.e., large suburban/urban campuses, or those containing their own infrastructure). Alcohol culture in rural areas has largely been understudied, which may be problematic given the unique stressors they face (e.g., economic hardship, lack of social activities, healthcare inequality). There has also been difficulty both within and across fields classifying rural versus urban geographical locations; no distinct system used broadly, making ittrea difficult to generalize and accurately collect data. The geographic categorizations are often viewed as homogenous identifiers; however, diversity occurs both within and outside of these classification systems. It appears that rurality may be a risk factor for increased drinking both earlier and later in life, but the research has failed to extend to the formative college years. This short review has two main focuses: attempting to disentangle the definition of rurality and reviewing the literature regarding alcohol use in rural areas, with a specific focus on adolescents and young adults. Identifying the mechanisms responsible for substance use in rural areas is a crucial component of prevention and treatment programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Saalfield
- Deparatement of Psychology, Penn State Schuylkill, Schuylkill Haven, PA, USA
| | - Bethany Haag
- Deparatement of Psychology, Penn State Schuylkill, Schuylkill Haven, PA, USA
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State, University Park, PA, USA
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2
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Bower E, Ramsey E, Seiler S. Alcohol and cannabis use among rural university students: A quantitative analysis of barriers to care, student resilience, and school climate. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37910656 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2272198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This article examines impacts of student resilience, school climate, and barriers to mental health care on problematic drinking behavior and cannabis use among rural university students. Participants: A total of 948 students from a public university in a southeastern state that completed the 2019-2020 Healthy Minds Study. Methods: Cross-tabulations and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to test study hypotheses. Results: Students who binge drink are more likely to engage in problematic drinking behaviors than students who do not binge drink; students who engage in problematic drinking are more likely to use cannabis than those who do not engage in problematic drinking. As students face more barriers to mental health care, they are more likely to engage in problematic drinking and cannabis use; students who are more resilient are less likely to engage in problematic drinking. Conclusions: To promote health and wellbeing, universities must understand factors that impact substance use among students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Bower
- The Crime and Justice Institute, A Division of Community Resources for Justice, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth Ramsey
- School of Human Ecology, Tennessee Tech University, Cookeville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Steven Seiler
- Department of Sociology & Political Science, Tennessee Tech University, Cookeville, Tennessee, USA
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3
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Adeyemi O, Bukur M, Berry C, DiMaggio C, Grudzen CR, Konda S, Adenikinju A, Cuthel A, Bouillon-Minois JB, Akinsola O, Moore A, McCormack R, Chodosh J. Substance use and pre-hospital crash injury severity among U.S. older adults: A five-year national cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293138. [PMID: 37878571 PMCID: PMC10599556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol and drug use (substance use) is a risk factor for crash involvement. OBJECTIVES To assess the association between substance use and crash injury severity among older adults and how the relationship differs by rurality/urbanicity. METHODS We pooled 2017-2021 cross-sectional data from the United States National Emergency Medical Service (EMS) Information System. We measured injury severity (low acuity, emergent, critical, and fatal) predicted by substance use, defined as self-reported or officer-reported alcohol and/or drug use. We controlled for age, sex, race/ethnicity, road user type, anatomical injured region, roadway crash, rurality/urbanicity, time of the day, and EMS response time. We performed a partial proportional ordinal logistic regression and reported the odds of worse injury outcomes (emergent, critical, and fatal injuries) compared to low acuity injuries, and the predicted probabilities by rurality/urbanicity. RESULTS Our sample consisted of 252,790 older adults (65 years and older) road users. Approximately 67%, 25%, 6%, and 1% sustained low acuity, emergent, critical, and fatal injuries, respectively. Substance use was reported in approximately 3% of the population, and this proportion did not significantly differ by rurality/urbanicity. After controlling for patient, crash, and injury characteristics, substance use was associated with 36% increased odds of worse injury severity. Compared to urban areas, the predicted probabilities of emergent, critical, and fatal injuries were higher in rural and suburban areas. CONCLUSION Substance use is associated with worse older adult crash injury severity and the injury severity is higher in rural and suburban areas compared to urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseun Adeyemi
- Ronald O Perelman Department of Emergency Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Marko Bukur
- Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Cherisse Berry
- Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Charles DiMaggio
- Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Corita R. Grudzen
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sanjit Konda
- Department of Orthopedics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Abidemi Adenikinju
- Department of Orthopedics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Allison Cuthel
- Ronald O Perelman Department of Emergency Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Omotola Akinsola
- Department of Social Work, Minnesota State University, Mankato, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Alison Moore
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Ryan McCormack
- Ronald O Perelman Department of Emergency Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Joshua Chodosh
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
- Medicine Service, Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, United States of America
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Prakash J, Ali T, Chaudhury S, Srivastava K. Declining mental health: An aftermath of fast-paced urbanization. Ind Psychiatry J 2023; 32:199-201. [PMID: 38161458 PMCID: PMC10756631 DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_299_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Prakash
- Department of Psychiatry, AFMC, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tahoora Ali
- Department of Psychiatry, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Suprakash Chaudhury
- Department of Psychiatry, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Dardiri ME, El-tantawy A, Elmoez KA, Sayed HH, Elbadry H, Ibrahim O. Suicide Risk among Patients with Substance Use Disorders, A Cross Sectional Study In Suez Canal Area Hospitals.. [DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3076857/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Substance Use Disorders are serious health issues that have been linked to numerous clinical correlations and mental health comorbidities. One of the most important health dangers linked to substance addiction was suicide. The current study aims to investigate the phenomena using a bio-psycho-social framework. The aim was to investigate the risk of suicide in a sample of substance use disorders patients. A case control comparison was performed between 190 substance abusers versus 30 controls. Addiction Severity Index, Beck Suicidal Ideation Scale, Arab Religiosity Scale, Socioeconomic Status Scale, as well as multiple historical variables, have been investigated.
Results: Suicidality was prevalent among alcohol and opioids abusers, poly substance abusers, those with a family history of suicide, and those with a history of a previous attempt. Having a positive family history of suicide could predict an 8.3 point rise in Beck Suicidal Ideation Scale score, while having any previous attempt of suicide could predict 9.04 point rise in Beck Suicidal Ideation Scale score. Suicidality scores correlated with Addiction Severity Index scores, and indirectly with socioeconomic status and Religiosity. Combinations of drugs with other mental illness showed a significant predictive effect on suicidality score.
Conclusion: Suicidality is expected among substance abusers, and is affected by multiple bio-psycho-social variables.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hytham Elbadry
- General organization of teaching hospital and institutes-Egypt. (GOTHI). Psychiatrist Registrar at KCMH
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Gueye NR, Prada K, de Moissac D. Recreational Cannabis Legislation: substance use and impaired driving among Canadian rural and urban postsecondary students. J Cannabis Res 2023; 5:8. [PMID: 36918969 PMCID: PMC10014410 DOI: 10.1186/s42238-023-00175-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Investigation of cannabis use trends among emerging adults (EA, aged between 18 and 24 years) following 2018 Canadian Recreational Cannabis Legislation (RCL) is critical. EAs report the heaviest cannabis use in Canada and are particularly vulnerable to the onset of problematic substance use. OBJECTIVES To describe and compare post-RCL use of cannabis and other state-altering substances, as well as the prevalence of impaired driving, among EA postsecondary students in both rural and urban settings, studying on one of five campuses in either Manitoba, Ontario, or Quebec. METHODS For this quantitative cross-sectional study, a self-report survey was administered to 1496 EA postsecondary students in the months following RCL (2018-2019). Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore the influence of provincial and urban/rural living contexts on recreational cannabis use, other state-altering substance use and impaired driving behaviours, adjusting for sociodemographic variables. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were observed between cohorts in almost all measures. Quebec students were more likely to have consumed cannabis during their lifetime (AOR = 1.41, 95% CI [1.05, 1.90]) than all other cohorts. Rural cohorts all had greater odds of reporting consumption of cannabis during the previous year compared to urban cohorts (AOR = 1.32, 95% CI [1.04, 1.67]). However, the relation between cannabis use in the last month and operating a motor vehicle after using cannabis (lifetime and past month) and living context differed between subjects in Quebec and those in the two other provinces. Quebec's students having lived mostly in urban contexts had greater odds of using cannabis in the past month and operating a motor vehicle after using cannabis (lifetime and past month) than those in rural contexts; the opposite was observed in Manitoba and Ontario. Differing interprovincial prohibitive/permissive legislation and licit cannabis infrastructure appeared to have little impact on post-RCL substance use. CONCLUSIONS In Manitoba and in Ontario, rural/urban living context seems to better predict substance use and related road-safety practices, suggesting these trends supersede permissive/prohibitive provincial legislation and licit cannabis-related infrastructures. Further investigation into sociodemographic factors influencing state-altering substance use and impaired driving, and maintaining tailored cannabis misuse prevention campaigns, is warranted on Canadian campuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- N'deye Rokhaya Gueye
- Université de Saint-Boniface, Office #3217, 200 de la Cathédrale Ave., Winnipeg, MB, R2H 0H7, Canada.
| | - Kevin Prada
- Université de Saint-Boniface, Office #3217, 200 de la Cathédrale Ave., Winnipeg, MB, R2H 0H7, Canada
| | - Danielle de Moissac
- Université de Saint-Boniface, Office #3217, 200 de la Cathédrale Ave., Winnipeg, MB, R2H 0H7, Canada
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Gandhi S, Hinson K, Gandhi V, Sharma S. Factors and perceptions associated with energy drink consumption among undergraduate students attending a rural university: a descriptive study. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-7. [PMID: 36701478 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2164719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: This study examined the prevalence, patterns, and knowledge of Energy Drink (ED) consumption among undergraduate students. Participants: Participants included students (n = 373) attending a medium-sized rural university in Texas. Methods: Students were surveyed anonymously using convenience sampling and a cross-sectional design with 15 items structured questionnaire. Results: Nearly 90% of the study participants (N = 373) were between 18-24 years. Among the consumers (n = 165), the majority were females (80%) and Caucasian (73%). About 60% of them lived on campus, 22% were engaged in some type of sports activity, and primarily represented the freshmen (42%) and sophomore (25%) population. Having apriori knowledge of the negative health effects of EDs was associated with their consumption [OR: 0.40, CI: (0.22, 0.72)]. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the need to establish programs and policies on campus to address ED consumption issues and create educational campaigns to inform the undergraduate population attending a rural university.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subi Gandhi
- Department of Medical Lab Sciences, Public Health and Nutrition Science, College of Health Sciences and Human Services, Tarleton State University, Stephenville, Texas, USA
| | - Katrina Hinson
- Department of English and Languages, College of Liberal and Fine Arts, Tarleton State University, Stephenville, Texas, USA
| | - Viraj Gandhi
- Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Sushma Sharma
- Health Care Research, The Hospital and Health System Association of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, USA
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Fentaw KD, Fenta SM, Biresaw HB. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Substance Use Male Population in East African Countries: A Multilevel Analysis of Recent Demographic and Health Surveys From 2015 to 2019. Subst Abuse 2022; 16:11782218221101011. [PMID: 35645567 PMCID: PMC9130838 DOI: 10.1177/11782218221101011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: East Africa is still home to one of the world’s highest rates of substance user. Substance use is primarily associated with male behavior and is becoming one of the region’s most public health issues. Methods: The study included data from 11 East African countries’ Demographic and Health Surveys. About 55 307 men were enrolled in the study and multilevel logistic regression model was applied Result: East African countries had a 43.70% prevalence of substance abuse coverage. Education level, age, current working status, marital status, wealth index, media exposure, residence, and nation were all found to be statistically associated with substance use of males. Conclusion: In East African countries, the prevalence of substance abuse among men was high. As a result, substance control programs should focus on the poor, not (least) educated, rural people, and adult age groups, who are the region’s most vulnerable social groups.
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Berg CJ, Yang YT, Pratt-Chapman ML, Douglas Evans W, Cupertino AP, Horn K, Bernat DH, Abroms LC, Tercyak KP. Campus tobacco control policies and cessation interventions in college students: a commentary calling for research and action to address tobacco-related health disparities. Transl Behav Med 2021; 11:1030-1036. [PMID: 32893870 PMCID: PMC8075612 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibaa083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco-related health disparities (TRHDs) have a significant impact on population health in the USA. Effectively preventing and controlling TRHDs among young adult populations require multiple prevention and cessation points, including within college/university contexts. This commentary addresses current campus tobacco control policies and cessation interventions for U.S. college students, with an emphasis on TRHDs and opportunities for research and research translation to reduce these disparities. This commentary is informed by literature published between 2010 and 2020 regarding (a) prevalence and impact of campus tobacco control policies; and/or (b) behavioral outcomes from cessation interventions for young adults attending colleges. Despite a doubling of college campuses adopting tobacco-free policies from 2012 to 2017, roughly two-thirds continue to operate without such policies. Few policies address alternative tobacco products (e.g., e-cigarettes, cigars/cigarillos, and hookah), and communication about and enforcement of existing policies is extremely limited. A broad range of cessation intervention strategies have targeted individuals in this age group, but with little focus on TRHDs and limited intervention dissemination. Importantly, college students representing populations at risk for TRHDs (e.g., racial/ethnic/sexual/gender minorities, low socioeconomic status) are less likely to be exposed to strong tobacco control policies or supports for cessation. There are untapped opportunities for behavioral medicine approaches to reduce TRHDs in college settings. Research findings regarding multilevel (policy, community-level, and individual-level) interventions must be translated to policy/practice in order to address tobacco use, particularly among vulnerable college student populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla J Berg
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC USA
- George Washington University Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Y Tony Yang
- George Washington University Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Center for Health Policy and Media Engagement, School of Nursing, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mandi L Pratt-Chapman
- George Washington University Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - W Douglas Evans
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC USA
- George Washington University Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ana-Paula Cupertino
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Wilmot Cancer Institute, Community Outreach, Engagement, and Disparities Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Kimberly Horn
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Virginia Tech-Carilion Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Debra H Bernat
- George Washington University Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lorien C Abroms
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC USA
- George Washington University Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kenneth P Tercyak
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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Chan WY, Rodriguez A, Shih RA, Tucker JS, Pedersen ER, Seelam R, D'Amico EJ. How do college students use their free time? A latent profile analysis of leisure activities and substance use. LEISURE SCIENCES 2020; 45:331-350. [PMID: 37346392 PMCID: PMC10281707 DOI: 10.1080/01490400.2020.1829520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
College is a critical period of transition to independence and the substantial amount of time that students have to participate in leisure activities may be conducive to substance use. However, little is known about the associations between leisure activities and substance use over time, or whether these associations differ by residential status (i.e., living with parents vs. on their own). Using latent profile analysis, this study found six distinct profiles of leisure activity participation in a racially/ethnically diverse sample of college students (N=1,207). Overall, profiles with medium levels of leisure activity participation were associated with more alcohol use, heavy drinking, and marijuana use one year later; whereas profiles with the lowest levels of leisure activity participation were associated with more cigarette use one year later. Identifying mechanisms through which leisure activities influence substance use can help inform prevention efforts to either reduce risks associated with participation or support protective effects.
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Nazif-Munoz JI, Oulhote Y, Ouimet MC. The association between legalization of cannabis use and traffic deaths in Uruguay. Addiction 2020; 115:1697-1706. [PMID: 32003494 DOI: 10.1111/add.14994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS While cannabis use has been found to impair motor vehicle driving, the association between cannabis legalization and motor vehicle fatalities is unclear. In Uruguay in December 2013, cannabis for recreational purposes was legalized. This study assessed the association between implementation of this law and changes in traffic fatality rates. DESIGN Interrupted time-series analysis of traffic fatality rates of light motor vehicle drivers and motorcyclists in urban and rural settings. Changes are reported as step and trend effects against modeled trends in the absence of legalization. SETTING Uruguay, Montevideo and four rural provinces (Colonia, Florida, Río Negro and San José) from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2017. Cases and measurement Weekly traffic fatalities of light motor vehicle drivers and motorcyclists per type of vehicle. Data were gathered from the National Road Safety Agency of Uruguay and the Ministry of Transport and Public Works, respectively. RESULTS Cannabis legalization was associated with a 52.4% immediate increase [95% confidence interval (CI) = 11.6, 93.3, P = 0.012] in the light motor vehicle driver's fatality rate. However, no significant change in the motorcyclists' fatality rate was observed. In Montevideo the legislation was associated with an absolute increase in its light motor vehicle driver's fatality rate by 0.06 (95% CI = 0.01, 0.11, P = 0.025), but no significant associations were observed in rural settings. CONCLUSIONS In Uruguay, the 2013 legislation legalizing recreational cannabis consumption may have been associated with an increase in fatal motor vehicle crashes, particularly in light motor-vehicle drivers and urban settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Ignacio Nazif-Munoz
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.,T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Youssef Oulhote
- School of Public Health, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Marie Claude Ouimet
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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Rural-urban differences in cannabis detected in fatally injured drivers in the United States. Prev Med 2020; 132:105975. [PMID: 31899254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.105975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
While there is a vast literature on rural and urban differences in substance use, little is known in terms of cannabis positive drug tests among fatally injured drivers. In the present study, we examined rural-urban differences in cannabis detected in fatally-injured drivers. Data were drawn from the 2015-2017 Fatality Analysis Reporting System. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to examine rural-urban differences in the percentage of cannabis detected in fatally-injured drivers. Analyses were stratified by rural-urban classification and sex. A positive cannabis test in fatally-injured drivers was more prevalent in urban locations. Compared to fatally-injured drivers in rural locations, urban drivers had higher odds of a positive test for cannabinoids (aOR: 1.21, 95% CI 1.14-1.28). Non-Hispanic Black drivers had higher odds of testing positive for cannabinoids (aOR: 1.43, 95% CI 1.31-1.55). Those aged at least 25 years had lower odds of a positive test for cannabinoids. Drivers involved in a weekend nighttime crash (aOR: 1.14, 95% CI 1.03-1.26) and weekday nighttime (aOR: 1.15, 95% CI 1.05-1.26) had higher odds of testing positive for cannabinoids compared to drivers involved in a weekend daytime crash. Results showed significant rural-urban differences in the prevalence of cannabis detected in fatally-injured drivers.
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Campbell-Williams KA, Oshi DC, Whitehorne-Smith P, Abel WD. Sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with comorbid hazardous cannabis use among psychiatric patients at a tertiary hospital in Jamaica. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2018.1552729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kayan A. Campbell-Williams
- Department of Community Health and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Mona Campus, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Daniel C. Oshi
- Department of Community Health and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Mona Campus, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Patrice Whitehorne-Smith
- Department of Community Health and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Mona Campus, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Wendel D. Abel
- Department of Community Health and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Mona Campus, Kingston, Jamaica
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