1
|
Mills LR, Simmons EM, Lee H, Nester E, Kim J, Wisniewski SR, Pecoraro MV, Chirik PJ. (Phenoxyimine)nickel-Catalyzed C(sp 2)-C(sp 3) Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling: Evidence for a Recovering Radical Chain Mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10124-10141. [PMID: 38557045 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Phenoxyimine (FI)-nickel(II)(2-tolyl)(DMAP) compounds were synthesized and evaluated as precatalysts for the C(sp2)-C(sp3) Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling of (hetero)arylboronic acids with alkyl bromides. With 5 mol % of the optimal (MeOMeFI)Ni(Aryl)(DMAP) precatalyst, the scope of the cross-coupling reaction was established and included a variety of (hetero)arylboronic acids and alkyl bromides (>50 examples, 33-97% yield). A β-hydride elimination-reductive elimination sequence from reaction with potassium isopropoxide base, yielding a potassium (FI)nickel(0)ate, was identified as a catalyst activation pathway that is responsible for halogen atom abstraction from the alkyl bromide. A combination of NMR and EPR spectroscopies identified (FI)nickel(II)-aryl complexes as the resting state during catalysis with no evidence for long-lived organic radical or odd-electron nickel intermediates. These data establish that the radical chain is short-lived and undergoes facile termination and also support a "recovering radical chain" process whereby the (FI)nickel(II)-aryl compound continually (re)initiates the radical chain. Kinetic studies established that the rate of C(sp2)-C(sp3) product formation was proportional to the concentration of the (FI)nickel(II)-aryl resting state that captures the alkyl radical for chain propagation. The proposed mechanism involves two key and concurrently operating catalytic cycles; the first involving a nickel(I/II/III) radical propagation cycle consisting of radical capture at (FI)nickel(II)-aryl, C(sp2)-C(sp3) reductive elimination, bromine atom abstraction from C(sp3)-Br, and transmetalation; and the second involving an off-cycle catalyst recovery process by slow (FI)nickel(II)-aryl → (FI)nickel(0)ate conversion for nickel(I) regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Reginald Mills
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Eric M Simmons
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Heejun Lee
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Eva Nester
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Junho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Steven R Wisniewski
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Matthew V Pecoraro
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Paul J Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kharabayev NN, Minkin VI. Competition of Thermodynamic and Kinetic Factors during the Formation of Stereoisomers of the Bis(chelate) Ni(II) Complexes Based on (N,O(S,Se))-Bidentate Azomethines: A Quantum Chemical Study. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328422700117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
3
|
Milutka MS, Burlov AS, Vlasenko VG, Koshchienko YV, Korshunova EV, Uraev AI, Trigub AL, Zubenko AA, Klimenko AI, Gusev AN. Zinc(II) Complexes with Azomethines of 2,4,6-Trimethylaniline and Halogen-Substituted Salicylaldehyde. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363222070192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
4
|
Cobalt(ɪɪ) and nickel(ɪɪ) bis(chelate) complexes with (N, O, O)-tridentate azomethine ligands: a quantum chemical study of stereoisomers with hexa-, penta-, and tetracoordinate central atoms. Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-022-3493-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
5
|
Mills LR, Gygi D, Ludwig JR, Simmons EM, Wisniewski SR, Kim J, Chirik PJ. Cobalt-Catalyzed C(sp 2)-C(sp 3) Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Enabled by Well-Defined Precatalysts with L,X-Type Ligands. ACS Catal 2022; 12:1905-1918. [PMID: 36034100 PMCID: PMC9400687 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt(II) halides in combination with phenoxy-imine (FI) ligands generated efficient precatalysts in situ for the C(sp2)-C(sp3) Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling between alkyl bromides and neopentylglycol (hetero)arylboronic esters. The protocol enabled efficient C-C bond formation with a host of nucleophiles and electrophiles (36 examples, 34-95%) with precatalyst loadings of 5 mol%. Studies with alkyl halide electrophiles that function as radical clocks support the intermediacy of alkyl radicals during the course of the catalytic reaction. The improved performance of the FI-cobalt catalyst was correlated with decreased lifetimes of cage-escaped radicals as compared to diamine-type ligands. Studies of the phenoxy(imine)-cobalt coordination chemistry validate the L,X interaction leading to the discovery of an optimal, well defined, air-stable mono-FI cobalt(II) precatalyst structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L. Reginald Mills
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - David Gygi
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA
| | - Jacob R. Ludwig
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Eric M. Simmons
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA
| | - Steven R. Wisniewski
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA
| | - Junho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Paul J. Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Milutka MS, Burlov AS, Vlasenko VG, Koshchienko YV, Makarova NI, Metelitsa AV, Korshunova EV, Trigub AL, Zubenko AA, Klimenko AI. Synthesis, Structure, Spectral-Luminescent Properties, and Biological Activity of Chlorine-Substituted Azomethines and Their Zinc(II) Complexes. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363221090140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
7
|
Tripathi M, Syed R, Stalin A, Malik A, Pande R, Asatkar AK. In vitro investigation of biophysical interactions between Ag(I) complexes of bis(methyl)(thia/selena)salen and ct-DNA via multi-spectroscopic, physicochemical and molecular docking methods along with cytotoxicity study. LUMINESCENCE 2021; 36:1277-1284. [PMID: 33834603 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Four silver(I) (Ag(I)) complexes: 1.PF6 , 2.PF6 , 1.ClO4 and 2.ClO4 of bis(methyl)thia salen (1) and bis (methyl)selena salen (2) with two different counter anions (PF6 - and ClO4 - ) have been investigated for DNA binding properties. In vitro interactional association between the Ag(I) complexes and ct-DNA has been examined by performing spectroscopic titrations on absorption spectrophotometer and fluorescence spectrophotometer. A competitive binding study has also been done using a fluorescence spectrophotometer with ethidium bromide as a classical intercalator. The spectroscopic methods revealed a major groove. Viscometry and agarose gel electrophoresis experiments have also been performed as physicochemical methods to confirm the binding of complex molecules with DNA. Molecular docking analysis has been executed to obtain the theoretical insight into the mode of binding. The docking study demonstrated the major groove binding of all four complexes to the DNA with electrostatic metal-phosphate interactions (between the metal and the backbone of DNA) and hydrophobic interactions. Cytotoxicity of the complexes has been studied on the Human Fibroblast foreskin (HFF) cell line. The cytotoxicity results showed positive gesture for moving ahead to the next level of screening; the values were above 10 μM which are appreciated for the normal cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Tripathi
- School of Studies in Chemistry, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India
| | - Rabbani Syed
- Nanobiotechnology Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Antony Stalin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Abdul Malik
- Nanobiotechnology Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rama Pande
- School of Studies in Chemistry, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India
| | - Ashish K Asatkar
- Department of Chemistry, Government Gundadhur P.G. College, Kondagaon, Chhattisgarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kharabayev NN. Tetra-, Penta-, and Hexacoordinate Stereoisomers of the Bis(ligand) Complexes of Zn(II) and Cd(II) Based on (N,O,S(Se))-Tridentate Azomethines. A Quantum Chemical Study. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328421020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
9
|
Divalent cobalt and copper coordination complexes of κ2-N, O-derivatives of (Z)-1-R-2-(2′-oxazolin-2′-yl)-eth-1-en-1-ates: Structure and reactivity patterns. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
10
|
Li B, Zhang M, Lu H, Ma H, Wang Y, Chen H, Ding Y, Hu A. Coordination‐Accelerated Radical Formation from Acyclic Enediynes for Tumor Cell Suppression. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:4352-4357. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baojun Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Mengsi Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Haotian Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Hailong Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Yue Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Huimin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Yun Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Aiguo Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Burlov AS, Mashchenko SA, Vlasenko VG, Kiskin MA, Nikolaevskii SA, Korshunova EV. Cyclometallated Ni(II) and Pd(II) Complexes of the Azomethine Compounds: Synthesis and Structures. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328419110010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
12
|
Abstract
A review of intramolecular hydrogen bonding in ortho-hydroxyaryl Schiff bases, ortho-hydroxyaryl Mannich bases, dipyrrins, ortho-hydroxyaryl ketones, ortho-hydroxyaryl amides, and 4-Bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) dyes with tautomeric sensors as substituents is presented in this paper. Ortho-hydroxy Schiff and Mannich base derivatives are known as model molecules for analysing the properties of intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The compounds under discussion possess physicochemical features modulated by the presence of strong intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The equilibrium between intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bonds in BODIPY is discussed. Therefore, the summary can serve as a knowledge compendium of the influence of the hydrogen bond on the molecular properties of aromatic compounds.
Collapse
|
13
|
Kharabayev NN. Quantum Chemical Simulation of Hexa-, Penta-, and Tetracoordination Modes in Stereoisomers of the Co(II) and Ni(II) Bis(ligand) Complexes Based on (N,O,S(Se))-Tridentate Azomethines. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328419080050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
14
|
Exploring the DNA interactions, FGF growth receptor interaction and biological screening of metal(II) complexes of NNN donor ligand derived from 2‑(aminomethyl)benzimidazole. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 126:1303-1317. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
15
|
Flores-García M, Fernández-G JM, Busqueta-Griera C, Gómez E, Hernández-Ortega S, Lamothe-Flores JCD, Gómez-Vidales V, Mejía-Domínguez AM, Anglés-Cano E, de la Peña-Díaz A. New Copper Compounds with Antiplatelet Aggregation Activity. Med Chem 2019; 15:850-862. [PMID: 30799791 DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666190222123207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular accident, and venous thromboembolism have the presence of a thrombotic event in common and represent the most common causes of death within the population. OBJECTIVE Since Schiff base copper(II) complexes are able to interact with polyphosphates (PolyP), a procoagulant and potentially prothrombotic platelet agent, we investigated the antiplatelet aggregating properties of two novel tridentate Schiff base ligands and their corresponding copper( II) complexes. METHODS The Schiff base ligands (L1) and (L2), as well as their corresponding copper(II) complexes (C1) and (C2), were synthesized and characterized by chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, mass spectrometry, and UV-Visible, IR and far IR spectroscopy. In addition, EPR studies were carried out for (C1) and (C2), while (L1) and (L2) were further analyzed by 1H and 13C NMR. Tests for antiplatelet aggregation activities of all of the four compounds were conducted. RESULTS X-ray diffraction studies show that (L1) and (L2) exist in the enol-imine tautomeric form with a strong intramolecular hydrogen bond. NMR studies show that both ligands are found as enol-imine tautomers in CDCl3 solution. In the solid state, the geometry around the copper(II) ion in both (C1) and (C2) is square planar. EPR spectra suggest that the geometry of the complexes is similar to that observed in the solid state by X-ray crystallography. Compound (C2) exhibited the strongest antiplatelet aggregation activity. CONCLUSION Schiff base copper(II) complexes, which are attracting increasing interest, could represent a new approach to treat thrombosis by blocking the activity of PolyP with a potential anticoagulant activity and, most importantly, demonstrating no adverse bleeding events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirthala Flores-García
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Tlalpan 14080, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Juan Manuel Fernández-G
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Cristina Busqueta-Griera
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Gómez
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Simón Hernández-Ortega
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Virginia Gómez-Vidales
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ana María Mejía-Domínguez
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Tlalpan 14080, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Anglés-Cano
- INSERM UMR-S1140, Faculty of Sciences, Pharmaceutiques & Biologiques, Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75270 Paris, Cedex 06, France
| | - Aurora de la Peña-Díaz
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Tlalpan 14080, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Escolar, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Piskunov AV, Pashanova KI, Bogomyakov AS, Smolyaninov IV, Starikov AG, Fukin GK. Cobalt complexes with hemilabile o-iminobenzoquinonate ligands: a novel example of redox-induced electron transfer. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:15049-15060. [PMID: 30303221 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02733a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The tetracoordinated square-planar CoIII complex (imSQC(O)Ph)CoIII(APC(O)Ph) (1) bearing a radical anion and the closed-shell o-amidophenolate forms of the functionalized o-aminophenol H2LC(O)Ph were synthesized. The intermediate spin state (SCo = 1) CoIII center was found for compound 1. The cyclic voltammogram of derivative 1 contains two oxidative processes and one reductive redox process as well as an additional multi-electron wave at high negative potentials above -2 V, which can involve both the ligand and metal center. One-electron oxidation of 1 by silver triflate produces the [(imSQC(O)Ph)CoII(imQC(O)Ph)]OTf·2toluene (2) derivative with the trigonal prismatic coordination environment of the metal arising from the additional coordination of -C(O)Ph hemilabile groups. This is a first example of a trigonal prismatic coordination polyhedron in cobalt-based complexes featuring o-iminobenzoquinone ligands. The trigonal prismatic geometry achieved by the unique flexibility of the ligand allows metal-to-ligand redox-induced electron transfer (RIET). Chemical oxidation of complex 1 promotes the reduction of CoIII to CoII in compound 2 due to the redox-active nature of o-iminobenzoquinonate ligands. Remarkably, this is the first example of RIET in cobalt-based derivatives with this type of ligand. The oxidative states of the ligands and cobalt ion in both complexes were unequivocally established according to the X-ray data collection by using the utility of "metric oxidation state" (MOS). The spin states of the metal centers were unambiguously determined by density functional theory. The strong antiferromagnetic exchange via metal-ligand interactions is dominant in compounds 1 and 2, giving the doublet (S = 1/2) and triplet (S = 1) ground spin state, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandr V Piskunov
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Organoelement Compounds, 49 Tropinina Street, 603137, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kharabayev NN. Quantum-Chemical Simulation of Tetra-, Penta-, and Hexacoordinated Stereoisomers of Bis-Ligand Ni(II) Complexes based on Polydentate Heterocyclic Derivatives of Azomethines. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363218080182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
18
|
Ahlawat A, Khatkar P, Singh V, Asija S. Diorganotin(IV) complexes of Schiff bases derived from salicylaldehyde and 2-amino-6-substituted benzothiazoles: synthesis, spectral studies, in vitro antimicrobial evaluation and QSAR studies. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-018-3395-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
19
|
Burlov AS, Mashchenko SA, Vlasenko VG, Nikolaevskii SA, Kiskin MA, Zubavichus YV, Uraev AI, Garnovskii DA, Korshunova EV, Levchenkov SI. Chemical and Electrochemical Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Metal Chelates of Tridentate N,S-Containing Azomethinazo Ligands. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363218020123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
20
|
Adiguzel R, Turan N, Buldurun K, Korkoca H. Spectral, Thermal and Antimicrobial Properties of Novel Mixed Ligand-Metal Complexes Derived from Saccharinate Complexes and Azo Dye Ligand. INT J PHARMACOL 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2018.9.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
21
|
Kharabayev NN. Quantum chemical modeling of the mechanism of formation of bis-ligand Co(II) complexes based on polydentate heterocyclic azomethine derivatives: Competition between four-, five-, and six-coordination. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s107032841712003x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
22
|
Burlov AS, Vlasenko VG, Levchenkov SI, Korshunova EV, Mashchenko SA, Zubavichus YV, Trigub AL, Lifintseva TV. Copper, cobalt, and nickel complexes of azomethine compounds containing phenylazo group in the amine fragment: Syntheses, structures, and magnetic properties. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328417110021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
23
|
Kharabayev NN. Possibilities of tetra-, penta-, and hexacoordination in quantum-chemical simulation of mechanism of formation and stereoisomerization of bisligand azomethine complexes of Zn(II), Cd(II), and Hg(II). RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363217040156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
24
|
Kharabayev NN, Minkin VI. Quantum-chemical DFT model for the formation of the MN2O2, MN2O2X, or MN2O2X2 (X = S, Se) coordination mode in the bis(ligand) Ni(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) azomethine complexes. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328417030022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
25
|
Development and molecular modeling of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes as high acting anti breast cancer agents. ARAB J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
26
|
Antimicrobial, spectral and thermal studies of divalent cobalt, nickel, copper and zinc complexes with triazole Schiff bases. ARAB J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2012.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
27
|
Khatkar P, Asija S. New diorganotin(IV) complexes of tridentate Schiff bases derived from 1,3-indanedione derivative: Synthesis, spectral studies and in vitro antimicrobial activities. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2016.1248762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Khatkar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Sonika Asija
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lin TH, Cai YR, Chang W, Hu CH, Lee TY, Datta A, Hsiao HC, Lin CH, Huang JH. Synthesis and characterization of multidentate ethylene bridged pyrrole- and ketoamine-morpholine aluminum compounds. Structure, theoretical calculation and catalytic study. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
29
|
SHIT SHYAMAPADA, NANDY MADHUSUDAN, RIZZOLI CORRADO, DESPLANCHES CÉDRIC, MITRA SAMIRAN. Crystal structure, characterization and magnetic properties of a 1D copper(II) polymer incorporating a Schiff base with carboxylate side arm. J CHEM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-016-1082-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
30
|
Shit S, Sasmal A, Dhal P, Rizzoli C, Mitra S. Syntheses, structural variations and fluorescence studies of two dinuclear zinc(II) complexes of a Schiff base ligand with an extended carboxylate side arm. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
31
|
Zhang W, Saraei N, Nie H, Vaughn JR, Jones AS, Mashuta MS, Buchanan RM, Grapperhaus CA. Reversible methanol addition to copper Schiff base complexes: a kinetic, structural and spectroscopic study of reactions at azomethine CN bonds. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:15791-15799. [PMID: 27345194 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01955b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reversible ligand-directed methanolysis of a series of copper(ii) Schiff base complexes reveal slightly favorable equilibrium constants with addition and eliminations rates influenced by the identity of the axial ligand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wuyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Louisville
- Louisville
- 40292 USA
| | - Nina Saraei
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Louisville
- Louisville
- 40292 USA
| | - Hanlin Nie
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Louisville
- Louisville
- 40292 USA
| | - John R. Vaughn
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Louisville
- Louisville
- 40292 USA
| | - Alexis S. Jones
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Louisville
- Louisville
- 40292 USA
| | - Mark S. Mashuta
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Louisville
- Louisville
- 40292 USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Burlov AS, Mashchenko SA, Vlasenko VG, Lysenko KA, Antsyshkina AS, Sadikov GG, Sergienko VS, Koshchienko YV, Zubavichus YV, Uraev AI, Garnovskii DA, Korshunova EV, Levchenkov SI. Metal complexes of azomethine compounds bearing an azo group in the amine fragment: Syntheses, structures, and properties. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328415060019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
33
|
Docking of ethanamine Schiff base imines & metal (II) complexes, cytotoxicity & DNA interaction studies. J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2014.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
34
|
Shaabani B, Khandar AA, Mobaiyen H, Ramazani N, Balula SS, Cunha-Silva L. Novel pseudohalide-bridged Cu(II) complexes with a hydrazone ligand: Evaluation of antimicrobial activity. Polyhedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2014.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
35
|
|
36
|
Sujarani S, Ramu A. Docking of imines, cytotoxicity and DNA interaction studies of metal(II) complexes. J Mol Struct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
37
|
Pramanik HA, Das D, Paul PC, Mondal P, Bhattacharjee CR. Newer mixed ligand Schiff base complexes from aquo-N-(2′-hydroxy acetophenone) glycinatocopper(II) as synthon: DFT, antimicrobial activity and molecular docking study. J Mol Struct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
38
|
Sang YL, Li XC, Xiao WM. Synthesis and crystal structures of N,N'-bis(5-fluoro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)ethane-1,2-diamine and its dinuclear manganese(III) complex with antibacterial activities. J COORD CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2013.859253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Sang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chifeng University, Chifeng, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Chun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chifeng University, Chifeng, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Min Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chifeng University, Chifeng, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chakraborty B, Banerjee S. Synthesis, characterization, and crystal structures of cobalt(II), copper(II), and zinc(II) complexes of a bidentate iminophenol. J COORD CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2013.848979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Biswarup Chakraborty
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India
| | - Sridhar Banerjee
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Al-Mogren MM, Alaghaz ANMA, Ebrahem EA. Synthesis, spectroscopic, molecular orbital calculation, cytotoxic, molecular docking of DNA binding and DNA cleavage studies of transition metal complexes with N-benzylidene-N'-salicylidene-1,1-diaminopropane. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 114:695-707. [PMID: 23831943 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Eight mononuclear chromium(III), manganese(II), iron(III), cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II), zinc(II) and cadmium(II) complexes of Schiff's base ligand were synthesized and determined by different physical techniques. The complexes are insoluble in common organic solvents but soluble in DMF and DMSO. The measured molar conductance values in DMSO indicate that the complexes are non-electrolytic in nature. All the eight metal complexes have been fully characterized with the help of elemental analyses, molecular weights, molar conductance values, magnetic moments and spectroscopic data. The analytical data helped to elucidate the structure of the metal complexes. The Schiff base is found to act as tridentate ligand using N2O donor set of atoms leading to an octahedral geometry for the complexes around all the metal ions. Quantum chemical calculations were performed with semi-empirical method to find the optimum geometry of the ligand and its complexes. Additionally in silico, the docking studies and the calculated pharmacokinetic parameters show promising futures for application of the ligand and complexes as high potency agents for DNA binding activity. The interaction of the complexes with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) has been investigated by UV absorption method, and the mode of CT-DNA binding to the complexes has been explored. Furthermore, the DNA cleavage activity by the complexes was performed. The Schiff base and their complexes have been screened for their antibacterial activity against bacterial strains [Staphylococcus aureus (RCMB010027), Staphylococcus epidermidis (RCMB010024), Bacillis subtilis (RCMB010063), Proteous vulgaris (RCMB 010085), Klebsiella pneumonia (RCMB 010093) and Shigella flexneri (RCMB 0100542)] and fungi [(Aspergillus fumigates (RCMB 02564), Aspergillus clavatus (RCMB 02593) and Candida albicans (RCMB05035)] by disk diffusion method. All the metal complexes have potent biocidal activity than the free ligand.
Collapse
|
41
|
Shaabani B, Khandar AA, Mahmoudi F, Maestro MA, Balula SS, Cunha-Silva L. Novel binuclear Cu(II) complexes combining a semicarbazone Schiff base with distinct bridging ligands: Structure and antimicrobial activity. Polyhedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2013.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
42
|
Sharma AK, Chandra S. Synthesis, structural and fungicidal studies of hydrazone based coordination compounds. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 103:96-100. [PMID: 23261608 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Revised: 10/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The coordination compounds of the Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) metal ions derived from imine based ligand, benzil bis(carbohydarzone) were structurally and pharmaceutically studied. The compounds have the general stoichiometry [M(L)]X(2) and [Co(L)X(2)], where M=Ni(II) and Cu(II), and X=NO(3)(-) and Cl(-) ions. The analytical techniques like elemental analyses, molar conductance measurements, magnetic susceptibility measurements, IR, UV/Visible, NMR, ESI mass and EPR were used to study the compounds. The key IR bands, i.e., amide I, amide II and amide III stretching vibrations accounts for the tetradentate metal binding nature of the ligand. The electronic and EPR spectral results suggest the square planar Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes (g(iso)=2.11-2.22) and tetragonal geometry Co(II) complexes (g(iso)=2.10-2.17). To explore the compounds in the biological field, they were examined against the opportunistic pathogens, i.e., Alternaria brassicae, Aspergillus niger and Fusarium oxysporum. The partial covalent character of metal-ligand bond is supported by the orbital reduction factor k (0.62-0.92) and nephalauxetic parameter β (0.55-0.57).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, University Enclave, Delhi 110 007, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Gruzdev MS, Domracheva NE, Aleksandrov AI, Osipova VP, Chervonova UV, Kolker AM, Pashkova TV, Barakhtenko DV. Conversion of low spin states in a monochelate complex of Fe(III) with an asymmetric tridentate azomethine ligand. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476612060078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
44
|
Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization, and Biological Activities of Metal Complexes of 4-((4-Chlorophenyl)diazenyl)-2-(( p-tolylimino)methyl)phenol. J CHEM-NY 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/724163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Azo Schiff base complexes of VO(II), Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) have been synthesized from 4-((4-chlorophenyl)diazenyl)-2-((p-tolylimino)methyl)phenol (CDTMP). The nature of bonding and the structural features of the complexes have been deduced from elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility measurements, IR, UV-Vis,1H-NMR, EPR, mass, SEM, and fluorescence spectral studies. Spectroscopic and other analytical studies reveal square-planar geometry for copper, square-pyramidal geometry for oxovanadium, and octahedral geometry for other complexes. The EPR spectra of copper(II) complex in DMSO at 300 K and 77 K were recorded, and its salient features are reported. Antimicrobial studies against several microorganisms indicate that the complexes are more potent bactericides and fungicides than the ligand. The electrochemical behavior of the copper(II) complex was studied by cyclic voltammetry. All the synthesized compounds can serve as potential photoactive materials as indicated from their characteristic fluorescence properties. The second harmonic conversion efficiency of the synthesized azo Schiff base was found to be higher than that of urea and KDP (potassium dihydrogen phosphate). SEM image of copper(II) complex implies the crystalline state and surface morphology of the complex.
Collapse
|
45
|
Butsch K, Günther T, Klein A, Stirnat K, Berkessel A, Neudörfl J. Redox chemistry of copper complexes with various salen type ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2012.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
46
|
Burlov AS, Antsyshkina AS, Sadikov GG, Sergienko VS, Uraev AI, Korshunova EV, Garnovskii DA, Lifintseva TV, Borodkin GS, Ponomarenko AG, Chigarenko GG, Eremenko IL. Syntheses, structure, and tribological study of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-dodecyliminomethylenepyrazol-5-one and its complexes with copper(II). RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363212110217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
47
|
Metal-based biologically active compounds: synthesis, spectral, and antimicrobial studies of cobalt, nickel, copper, and zinc complexes of triazole-derived schiff bases. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2012; 2011:901716. [PMID: 22216017 PMCID: PMC3246298 DOI: 10.1155/2011/901716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of cobalt, nickel, copper, and zinc complexes of bidentate Schiff bases derived from the condensation reaction of 4-amino-5-mercapto-3-methyl/ethyl-1,2,4-triazole with 2,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde were synthesized and tested as antimicrobial agents. The synthesized Schiff bases and their metal complexes were characterized with the aid of elemental analyses, magnetic moment measurements, spectroscopic and thermogravimetric techniques. The presence of coordinated water in metal complexes was supported by infrared and thermal gravimetric studies. A square planar geometry was suggested for Cu(II) and octahedral geometry proposed for Co(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II) complexes. The Schiff bases and their metal complexes have been screened for antibacterial (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis) and antifungal activities (Aspergillus niger, A. flavus). The metal complexes exhibited significantly enhanced antibacterial and antifungal activity as compared to their simple Schiff bases.
Collapse
|
48
|
Prema D, Oshin K, Desper J, Levy CJ. Mono- and dinuclear nickel(ii) complexes of resolved Schiff-base ligands with extended quinoline substituents. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:4998-5009. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt11813k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dipesh Prema
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Bldg., Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Donzelli
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada, Fax: +1‐416‐736‐5936
| | - Pierre G. Potvin
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada, Fax: +1‐416‐736‐5936
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Crane AK, MacLachlan MJ. Portraits of Porosity: Porous Structures Based on Metal Salen Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201100786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela K. Crane
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, BC, Canada, Fax: +1‐604‐822‐2847
| | - Mark J. MacLachlan
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, BC, Canada, Fax: +1‐604‐822‐2847
| |
Collapse
|