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Kokkosi A, Garofallidou E, Zacharopoulos N, Tsoureas N, Diamanti K, Thomaidis NS, Cheilari A, Machalia C, Emmanouilidou E, Philippopoulos AI. Ruthenium p-Cymene Complexes Incorporating Substituted Pyridine-Quinoline-Based Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytotoxic Properties. Molecules 2024; 29:3215. [PMID: 38999167 PMCID: PMC11243419 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Organometallic complexes of the formula [Ru(N^N)(p-cymene)Cl][X] (N^N = bidentate polypyridyl ligands, p-cymene = 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-benzene, X = counter anion), are currently studied as possible candidates for the potential treatment of cancer. Searching for new organometallic compounds with good to moderate cytotoxic activities, a series of mononuclear water-soluble ruthenium(II)-arene complexes incorporating substituted pyridine-quinoline ligands, with pending -CH2OH, -CO2H and -CO2Me groups in the 4-position of quinoline ring, were synthesized, for the first time, to study their possible effect to modulate the activity of the ruthenium p-cymene complexes. These include the [Ru(η6-p-cymene)(pqhyme)Cl][X] (X = Cl- (1-Cl), PF6- (1-PF6), pqhyme = 4-hydroxymethyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)quinoline), [Ru(η6-p-cymene)(pqca)Cl][Cl] ((2-Cl), pqca = 4-carboxy-2-(pyridin-2-yl)quinoline), and [Ru(η6-p-cymene)(pqcame)Cl][X] (X = Cl- (3-Cl), PF6- (3-PF6), pqcame = 4-carboxymethyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)quinoline) complexes, respectively. Identification of the complexes was based on multinuclear NMR and ATR-IR spectroscopic methods, elemental analysis, conductivity measurements, UV-Vis spectroscopic, and ESI-HRMS techniques. The solid-state structures of 1-PF6 and 3-PF6 have been elucidated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealing a three-legged piano stool geometry. This is the first time that the in vitro cytotoxic activities of these complexes are studied. These were conducted in HEK293T (human embryonic kidney cells) and HeLa cells (cervical cancer cells) via the MTT assay. The results show poor in vitro anticancer activities for the HeLa cancer cell lines and 3-Cl proved to be the most potent (IC50 > 80 μΜ). In both cell lines, the cytotoxicity of the ligand precursor pqhyme is significantly higher than that of cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afroditi Kokkosi
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Elpida Garofallidou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Zacharopoulos
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tsoureas
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Diamanti
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Antigoni Cheilari
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Machalia
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Emmanouilidou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanassios I Philippopoulos
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
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2
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Ywaya DO, Ibrahim H, Friedrich HB, Bala MD, Soobramoney L, Daniels A, Singh M. Chemotherapeutic Activities of New η 6- p-Cymene Ruthenium(II) and Osmium(II) Complexes with Chelating SS and Tridentate SNS Ligands. Molecules 2024; 29:944. [PMID: 38474456 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29050944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A series of new chelating bidentate (SS) alkylimidazole-2-thione-Ru(II)/Os(II) complexes (3ai, 3aii, 3aiii, 3bii/4aiii, 4bi, 4bii), and the tridentate (SNS) pyridine-2,6-diylimidazole-2-thione-Ru(II)/Os(II) complexes (5bi, 5civ/6bi, 6ci, 6civ) in the forms [MII(cym)(L)Cl]PF6 and [MII(cym)(L)]PF6 (M = Ru or Os, cym = η6-p-cymene, and L = heterocyclic derivatives of thiourea) respectively, were successfully synthesized. Spectroscopic and analytical methods were used to characterize the complexes and their ligands. Solid-state single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses revealed a "piano-stool" geometry around the Ru(II) or Os(II) centers in the respective complexes. The complexes were investigated for in vitro chemotherapeutic activities against human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) and the non-cancerous cell line (Hek293) using the MTT assay. The compounds 3aii, 5civ, 5bi, 4aiii, 6ci, 6civ, and the reference drug, 5-fluorouracil were found to be selective toward the tumor cells; the compounds 3ai, 3aiii, 3bii, 4bi, 4bii, and 6bi, which were found not to be selective between normal and tumor cell lines. The IC50 value of the tridentate half-sandwich complex 5bi (86 ± 9 μM) showed comparable anti-proliferative activity with the referenced commercial anti-cancer drug, 5-fluorouracil (87 ± 15 μM). The pincer (SNS) osmium complexes 6ci (36 ± 10 μM) and 6civ (40 ± 4 μM) were twice as effective as the reference drug 5-fluorouracil at the respective dose concentrations. However, the analogous pincer (SNS) ruthenium complex 5civ was ineffective and did not show anti-proliferative activity, even at a higher concentration of 147 ± 1 μM. These findings imply that the higher stability of the chelating (SS) and the pincer (SNS) ligand architectures in the complexes improves the biological (anti-proliferative) activity of the complexes by reducing the chance of ligand dissociation under physiological conditions. In general, the pincer (SNS) osmium complexes were found to be more cytotoxic than their ruthenium analogues, suggesting that the anti-proliferative activity of the imidazole-2-thione-Ru/Os complexes depends on the ligand's spatial coordination, the nature of the metal center, and the charge of the metal complex ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David O Ywaya
- School of Chemistry and Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Halliru Ibrahim
- School of Chemistry and Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Holger B Friedrich
- School of Chemistry and Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Muhammad D Bala
- School of Chemistry and Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Lynette Soobramoney
- School of Chemistry and Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Aliscia Daniels
- Nano-Gene and Drug Delivery Group, Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Moganavelli Singh
- Nano-Gene and Drug Delivery Group, Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
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3
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M'bitsi-Ibouily GC, Marimuthu T, du Toit LC, Kumar P, Choonara YE. In vitro, ex vivo and in vivo evaluation of a novel metal-liganded nanocomposite for the controlled release and improved oral bioavailability of sulpiride. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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4
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Klaimanee E, Nhukeaw T, Saithong S, Ratanaphan A, Phongpaichit S, Tantirungrotechai Y, Leesakul N. Half-sandwich ruthenium (II) p-cymene complexes based on organophosphorus ligands: Structure determination, computational investigation, in vitro antiproliferative effect in breast cancer cells and antimicrobial activity. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5
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Denisov MS, Gagarskikh ON. Palladium(II) Complexes with Catecholamines: Synthesis and In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363221070136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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6
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Munteanu AC, Uivarosi V. Ruthenium Complexes in the Fight against Pathogenic Microorganisms. An Extensive Review. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:874. [PMID: 34199283 PMCID: PMC8232020 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of antibiotics has resulted in the emergence of drug-resistant populations of microorganisms. Clearly, one can see the need to develop new, more effective, antimicrobial agents that go beyond the explored 'chemical space'. In this regard, their unique modes of action (e.g., reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, redox activation, ligand exchange, depletion of substrates involved in vital cellular processes) render metal complexes as promising drug candidates. Several Ru (II/III) complexes have been included in, or are currently undergoing, clinical trials as anticancer agents. Based on the in-depth knowledge of their chemical properties and biological behavior, the interest in developing new ruthenium compounds as antibiotic, antifungal, antiparasitic, or antiviral drugs has risen. This review will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Ru (II/III) frameworks as antimicrobial agents. Some aspects regarding the relationship between their chemical structure and mechanism of action, cellular localization, and/or metabolism of the ruthenium complexes in bacterial and eukaryotic cells are discussed as well. Regarding the antiviral activity, in light of current events related to the Covid-19 pandemic, the Ru (II/III) compounds used against SARS-CoV-2 (e.g., BOLD-100) are also reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra-Cristina Munteanu
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Valentina Uivarosi
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
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7
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Mikhailov AA, Stolyarova ED, Kostin GA. PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF RUTHENIUM NITROSYL COMPLEXES IN SOLIDS AND SOLUTIONS AND ITS POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476621040016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Gichumbi JM, Friedrich HB, Omondi B, Chenia HY. Synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial studies of half-sandwich η 6-toluene ruthenium complexes with N,N′-bidentate ligands. J COORD CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2020.1795146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Holger B. Friedrich
- School of Chemistry, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Bernard Omondi
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Pietermaritzburg Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, South Africa
| | - Hafizah Y. Chenia
- School of Life Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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9
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Yufanyi DM, Abbo HS, Titinchi SJ, Neville T. Platinum(II) and Ruthenium(II) complexes in medicine: Antimycobacterial and Anti-HIV activities. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Gichumbi JM, Omondi B, Friedrich HB. Crystal structure of chlorido-( η
6- p-cymene)-( N-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-(pyridin-2-yl)methanimine- κ
2
N, N′)ruthenium(II) – acetone (1/1), C 22H 23ClN 2F 7OPRu. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2019-0793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C22H23ClN2F7OPRu, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 7.30480(10) Å, b = 12.9540(3) Å, c = 28.7076(6) Å, β = 96.6990(10)°, V = 2697.95(9) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0196, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0479, T = 100(2) K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel M. Gichumbi
- Chuka University , Department Of Physical Sciences , P.O. Box 109-60400 , Chuka , Kenya
| | - Bernard Omondi
- University of KwaZulu-Natal, School of Chemistry and Physics , P.O. Box X01, Pietermaritzburg Campus , Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209 , South Africa
| | - Holger B. Friedrich
- University of KwaZulu-Natal, School of Chemistry and Physics , P.O. Box X54001, Westville Campus, Westville , 4000 Durban , South Africa
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11
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Aboura W, Batchelor LK, Garci A, Dyson PJ, Therrien B. Reactivity and biological activity of N,N,S-Schiff-base rhodium pentamethylcyclopentadienyl complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.119265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Ruthenium arene complexes with mono-carbonyl analogues of curcumin as pendant or bridging ligands: Synthesis, anti-cancer activity and interaction with quadruplex DNA. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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M'bitsi-Ibouily GC, Marimuthu T, Kumar P, Choonara YE, du Toit LC, Pradeep P, Modi G, Pillay V. Synthesis, Characterisation and In Vitro Permeation, Dissolution and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Ruthenium(II)-Liganded Sulpiride and Amino Alcohol. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4146. [PMID: 30858469 PMCID: PMC6412051 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40538-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulpiride (SPR) is a selective antagonist of central dopamine receptors but has limited clinical use due to its poor pharmacokinetics. The aim of this study was to investigate how metal ligation to SPR may improve its solubility, intestinal permeability and prolong its half-life. The synthesis and characterisation of ternary metal complexes [Ru(p -cymene)(L)(SPR)]PF6 (L1 = (R)-(+)-2-amino-3-phenyl-1-propanol, L2 = ethanolamine, L3 = (S)-(+)-2-amino-1-propanol, L4 = 3-amino-1-propanol, L5 = (S)-(+)-2-pyrrolidinemethanol) are described in this work. The stability constant of the [Ru(p -cymene)(SPR)] complex was determined using Job's method. The obtained value revealed higher stability of the metal complex in the physiological pH than in an acidic environment such as the stomach. The ternary metal complexes were characterised by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal analyses, Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis). Solubility studies showed higher aqueous solubility for complexed SPR than the free drug. Dissolution profiles of SPR from the metal complexes exhibited slower dissolution rate of the drug. Permeation studies through the pig's intestine revealed enhanced membrane permeation of the complexed drug. In vitro methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay showed no noticeable toxic effects of the ternary metal complexes on Caco-2 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretta C M'bitsi-Ibouily
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Thashree Marimuthu
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Yahya E Choonara
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Lisa C du Toit
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Priyamvada Pradeep
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Girish Modi
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neurosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Viness Pillay
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa.
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14
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Thangavel S, Paulpandi M, Friedrich HB, Sukesh K, Skelton AA. New Ru(II) half sandwich complexes bearing the N,N′ bidentate 9-ethyl-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethylene)9H-carbazole-3-amine ligand: Effects of halogen (Cl−, Br− and I−) leaving groups versus in vitro activity on HepG2 cancer cells, cell cycle, fluorescence study, cellular accumulation and DFT study. Polyhedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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15
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Gichumbi JM, Friedrich HB. Half-sandwich complexes of platinum group metals (Ir, Rh, Ru and Os) and some recent biological and catalytic applications. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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16
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Binnani C, Rai RK, Tyagi D, Mobin SM, Singh SK. Ligand‐Tuned C–H Bond Activation/Arylation of 2‐Arylpyridines over Pyridine‐Based
N
,
O/N
,
N
Ligated Ruthenium–Arene Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201701446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chinky Binnani
- Discipline of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Indore Simrol 453552 Indore Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Rohit K. Rai
- Discipline of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Indore Simrol 453552 Indore Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Deepika Tyagi
- Discipline of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Indore Simrol 453552 Indore Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Shaikh M. Mobin
- Discipline of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Indore Simrol 453552 Indore Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Sanjay K. Singh
- Discipline of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Indore Simrol 453552 Indore Madhya Pradesh India
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17
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Gichumbi JM, Friedrich HB, Omondi B, Naicker K, Singh M, Chenia HY. Synthesis, characterization, antiproliferative, and antimicrobial activity of osmium(II) half-sandwich complexes. J COORD CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2018.1434164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joel M. Gichumbi
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Holger B. Friedrich
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Bernard Omondi
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Kovashnee Naicker
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Moganavelli Singh
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Hafizah Y. Chenia
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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18
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İnan A, İkiz M, Tayhan SE, Bilgin S, Genç N, Sayın K, Ceyhan G, Köse M, Dağ A, İspir E. Antiproliferative, antioxidant, computational and electrochemical studies of new azo-containing Schiff base ruthenium(ii) complexes. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04420h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new series of ruthenium(ii) complexes 7–11 containing the –NN– group are synthesized and characterized via elemental analysis, and IR, UV-visible and 1H–13C NMR spectroscopy.
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19
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Gichumbi JM, Omondi B, Lazarus G, Singh M, Shaikh N, Chenia HY, Friedrich HB. Influence of Halogen Substitution in the Ligand Sphere on the Antitumor and Antibacterial Activity of Half-sandwich Ruthenium(II) Complexes [RuX(η6
-arene)(C5
H4
N-2-CH=N-Ar)]+. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201600427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joel M. Gichumbi
- School of Chemistry; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Private Bag X54001 4000 Durban South Africa
| | - Bernard Omondi
- School of Chemistry; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Private Bag X54001 4000 Durban South Africa
| | - Geraldine Lazarus
- School of Life Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Private Bag X54001 4000 Durban South Africa
| | - Moganavelli Singh
- School of Life Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Private Bag X54001 4000 Durban South Africa
| | - Nazia Shaikh
- School of Life Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Private Bag X54001 4000 Durban South Africa
| | - Hafizah Y. Chenia
- School of Life Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Private Bag X54001 4000 Durban South Africa
| | - Holger B. Friedrich
- School of Chemistry; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Private Bag X54001 4000 Durban South Africa
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20
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Abstract
Ruthenium is seldom mentioned in microbiology texts, due to the fact that this metal has no known, essential roles in biological systems, nor is it generally considered toxic. Since the fortuitous discovery of cisplatin, first as an antimicrobial agent and then later employed widely as an anticancer agent, complexes of other platinum group metals, such as ruthenium, have attracted interest for their medicinal properties. Here, we review at length how ruthenium complexes have been investigated as potential antimicrobial, antiparasitic and chemotherapeutic agents, in addition to their long and well-established roles as biological stains and inhibitors of calcium channels. Ruthenium complexes are also employed in a surprising number of biotechnological roles. It is in the employment of ruthenium complexes as antimicrobial agents and alternatives or adjuvants to more traditional antibiotics, that we expect to see the most striking developments in the future. Such novel contributions from organometallic chemistry are undoubtedly sorely needed to address the antimicrobial resistance crisis and the slow appearance on the market of new antibiotics.
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21
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Kostin GA, Mikhailov AA, Kuratieva NV, Pischur DP, Zharkov DO, Grin IR. Influence of pyridine-like ligands on the structure, photochemical and biological properties of nitro-nitrosyl ruthenium complexes. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj01602f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The photochemical properties and cell toxicity of monomeric and dimeric complexes of RuNO with methyl substituted pyridines and NO2were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. A. Kostin
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS
- Novosibirsk 630090
- Russia
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk 630090
| | - A. A. Mikhailov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS
- Novosibirsk 630090
- Russia
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk 630090
| | - N. V. Kuratieva
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS
- Novosibirsk 630090
- Russia
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk 630090
| | - D. P. Pischur
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS
- Novosibirsk 630090
- Russia
| | - D. O. Zharkov
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk 630090
- Russia
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS
- Novosibirsk 630090
| | - I. R. Grin
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk 630090
- Russia
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS
- Novosibirsk 630090
| |
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