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Burg A, Yadav KK, Meyerstein D, Kornweitz H, Shamir D, Albo Y. Effect of Sol-Gel Silica Matrices on the Chemical Properties of Adsorbed/Entrapped Compounds. Gels 2024; 10:441. [PMID: 39057464 PMCID: PMC11276444 DOI: 10.3390/gels10070441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The sol-gel process enables the preparation of silica-based matrices with tailored composition and properties that can be used in a variety of applications, including catalysis, controlled release, sensors, separation, etc. Commonly, it is assumed that silica matrices prepared via the sol-gel synthesis route are "inert" and, therefore, do not affect the properties of the substrate or the catalyst. This short review points out that porous silica affects the properties of adsorbed/entrapped species and, in some cases, takes an active part in the reactions. The charged matrix affects the diffusion of ions, thus affecting catalytic and adsorption processes. Furthermore, recent results point out that ≡Si-O. radicals are long-lived and participate in redox processes. Thus, clearly, porous silica is not an inert matrix as commonly considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariela Burg
- Chemical Engineering Department, Sami Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer-Sheva 84100, Israel; (A.B.); (K.K.Y.)
| | - Krishna K. Yadav
- Chemical Engineering Department, Sami Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer-Sheva 84100, Israel; (A.B.); (K.K.Y.)
| | - Dan Meyerstein
- Chemical Sciences Department and The Radical Research Center, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel;
- Chemistry Department, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Haya Kornweitz
- Chemical Sciences Department and The Radical Research Center, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel;
| | - Dror Shamir
- Nuclear Research Centre Negev, Beer-Sheva 9001, Israel
| | - Yael Albo
- Chemical Engineering Department and The Radical Research Center, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
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Singh C, Meyerstein D, Shamish Z, Shamir D, Burg A. Unique activity of a Keggin POM for efficient heterogeneous electrocatalytic OER. iScience 2024; 27:109551. [PMID: 38595799 PMCID: PMC11001645 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyoxometalates (POMs) have been well studied and explored in electro/photochemical water oxidation catalysis for over a decade. The high solubility of POMs in water has limited its use in homogeneous conditions. Over the last decade, different approaches have been used for the heterogenization of POMs to exploit their catalytic properties. This study focused on a Keggin POM, K6[CoW12O40], which was entrapped in a sol-gel matrix for heterogeneous electrochemical water oxidation. Its entrapment in the sol-gel matrix enables it to catalyze the oxygen evolution reaction at acidic pH, pH 2.0. Heterogenization of POMs using the sol-gel method aids in POM's recyclability and structural stability under electrochemical conditions. The prepared sol-gel electrode is robust and stable. It achieved electrochemical water oxidation at a current density of 2 mA/cm2 at a low overpotential of 300 mV with a high turnover frequency (TOF) of 1.76 [mol O2 (mol Co)-1s-1]. A plausible mechanism of the electrocatalytic process is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandani Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sami Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Chemistry Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Dan Meyerstein
- Chemistry Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Chemical Sciences Department, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Zorik Shamish
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Nuclear Research Center Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Dror Shamir
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Nuclear Research Center Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ariela Burg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sami Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Aharon S, Patra SG, Meyerstein D, Tzur E, Shamir D, Albo Y, Burg A. Heterogeneous Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction by a Sol-Gel Electrode with Entrapped Na 3 [Ru 2 (μ-CO 3 ) 4 ]: The Effect of NaHCO 3. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202300517. [PMID: 37655884 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The Na3 [Ru2 (μ-CO3 )4 ] complex is acting as a water oxidation catalyst in a homogeneous system. Due to the significance of heterogeneous systems and the effect of bicarbonate on the kinetic, we studied the bicarbonate effect on the heterogeneous electrocatalyst by entrapping the Na3 [Ru2 (μ-CO3 )4 ] complex in a sol-gel matrix. We have developed two types of sol-gel electrodes, which differ by the precursor, and are demonstrating their stability over a minimum of 200 electrochemical cycles. The pH increases affected the currents and kcat for both types of electrodes, and their hydrophobicity, which was obtained from the precursor type, influenced the electrocatalytic process rate. The results indicate that NaHCO3 has an important role in the catalytic activity of the presented heterogeneous systems; without NaHCO3 , the diffusing species is probably OH- , which undergoes diffusion via the Grotthuss mechanism. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to present a simple and fast one-step entrapment process for the Na3 [Ru2 (μ-CO3 )4 ] complex by the sol-gel method under standard laboratory conditions. The results contribute to optimizing the WSP, ultimately helping expand the usage of hydrogen as a green and more readily available energy source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiran Aharon
- Chemical Sciences Department, Ariel University, Ariel, 40700, Israel
- Chemical Engineering Department, Sami Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer-Sheva, 8410802, Israel
| | - Shanti Gopal Patra
- Chemical Sciences Department, Ariel University, Ariel, 40700, Israel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Dan Meyerstein
- Chemical Sciences Department, Ariel University, Ariel, 40700, Israel
- Chemistry Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Eyal Tzur
- Chemical Engineering Department, Sami Shamoon College of Engineering, Ashdod, 77245, Israel
| | - Dror Shamir
- Nuclear Research Centre Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84190, Israel
| | - Yael Albo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Ariel University, Ariel, 40700, Israel
| | - Ariela Burg
- Chemical Engineering Department, Sami Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer-Sheva, 8410802, Israel
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Cohen N, Shamir D, Kornweitz H, Albo Y, Burg A. Dual Role of Silicon-based Matrices in Electron Exchange Matrices for Waste Treatment. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202300130. [PMID: 37497826 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Para chloro aniline (PCA) is a common toxic pollutant found in pharmaceutical wastewater. Our study suggests a novel PCA treatment method based on a heterogeneous advanced oxidation process (AOP) that proceeds in an electron exchange matrix (EEM) prepared by the incorporation of redox-active specie in silica matrices using the sol-gel synthesis route. The results, which are supported by DFT calculations, show that the silicon skeleton of the EEM has two important roles, both as a porous matrix that hosts the redox species and as an oxidant species involved in the AOP. The calculations indicate that the formation of a radical on the nitrogen is favored. The suggested mechanism could shed light on the AOP, which proceeds in a heterogenous system, and on its application inside the understudied EEMs that, until now, have been a virtual black box. A better understanding of the mechanism could lead to improved control over the heterogeneous processes that can play a critical role in industries with the need to treat small amounts of toxic compounds at low concentrations, such as in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noy Cohen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sami Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Dror Shamir
- Analytical Chemistry Department, NRCN, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Haya Kornweitz
- Chemical Sciences Department, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Yael Albo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Ariela Burg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sami Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Jelinek L, Mištová E, Kubeil M, Stephan H. Polyoxometalates in Extraction and Sorption Processes. SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2021.1874107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ludek Jelinek
- Department of Power Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Mištová
- Department of Power Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Manja Kubeil
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Holger Stephan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
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Aharon S, Meyerstein D, Tzur E, Shamir D, Albo Y, Burg A. Advanced sol-gel process for efficient heterogeneous ring-closing metathesis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12506. [PMID: 34131206 PMCID: PMC8206332 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92043-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Olefin metathesis, a powerful synthetic method with numerous practical applications, can be improved by developing heterogeneous catalysts that can be recycled. In this study, a single-stage process for the entrapment of ruthenium-based catalysts was developed by the sol-gel process. System effectiveness was quantified by measuring the conversion of the ring-closing metathesis reaction of the substrate diethyl diallylmalonate and the leakage of the catalysts from the matrix. The results indicate that the nature of the precursor affects pore size and catalyst activity. Moreover, matrices prepared with tetraethoxysilane at an alkaline pH exhibit a better reaction rate than in the homogenous system under certain reaction conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to present a one-step process that is simpler and faster than the methods reported in the literature for catalyst entrapment by the sol-gel process under standard conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiran Aharon
- Chemical Sciences Dept, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
- Chemical Engineering Dept, Sami Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer Sheva, Ashdod, Israel
| | - Dan Meyerstein
- Chemical Sciences Dept, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
- Chemistry Dept, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Eyal Tzur
- Chemical Engineering Dept, Sami Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer Sheva, Ashdod, Israel.
| | - Dror Shamir
- Nuclear Research Centre Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yael Albo
- Chemical Engineering Dept, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Ariela Burg
- Chemical Engineering Dept, Sami Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer Sheva, Ashdod, Israel.
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Neelam, Meyerstein D, Burg A, Shamir D, Albo Y. Polyoxometalates entrapped in sol-gel matrices as electron exchange columns and catalysts for the reductive de-halogenation of halo-organic acids in water. J COORD CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2018.1515926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neelam
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Dan Meyerstein
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ariela Burg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sami Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Dror Shamir
- Department of Chemistry, Nuclear Research Centre Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yael Albo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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