DNA-binding studies of a new Cu(II) complex containing reverse transcriptase inhibitor and anti-HIV drug zalcitabine

Liquid-assisted mechanochemical synthesis, crystallographic, theoretical and molecular docking study on HIV instasome of novel copper complexes: (µ-acetato)-bis(2,2'-bipyridine)-copper and bromidotetrakis(2-methyl-1H-imidazole)-copper bromide

In the present work the two new Cu(II) complexes, (µ-acetato)-bis(2,2'-bipyridine)-copper [Cu(bpy)2(CH3CO2)] and bromidotetrakis(2-methyl-1H-imidazole)-copper bromide [Cu(2-methylimid)4Br]Br have been synthesized by liquid assisted mechanochemical method. The [Cu(bpy)2(CH3CO2)] complex (1) and [Cu(2-methylimid)4Br]Br complex (2) characterised by IR and UV-visible spectroscopy and the structure are confirmed by XRD diffraction studies. Complex (1) crystallized in the Monoclinic with the space group of C2/c where a = 24.312(5) Å, b = 8.5892(18) Å, c = 14.559(3) Å, α = 90°, β = 106.177(7)° and γ = 90° and Complex (2) crystallized in the Tetragonal with the space group of P4nc, a = 9.9259(2) Å, b = 9.9259(2) Å, c = 10.9357(2) Å, α = 90°, β = 90° and γ = 90°. The complex (1) has distorted octahedral geometry where the acetate ligand showed bidentate bridging with the central metal ion and complex (2) has slightly deformed square pyramidal geometry. The HOMO-LUMO energy gap value and the low chemical potential showed that the complex (2) is stable and difficult to polarize compare to complex (1). The molecular docking study of complexes with the HIV instasome nucleoprotein showed the binding energy values - 7.1 and - 5.3 kcal/mol for complex (1) and complex (2) respectively. The negative binding energy values showed the complexes have affinity to bind with HIV instasome nucleoproteins. The in-silico pharmacokinetic study of the complex (1) and complex (2) showed non AMES toxicity, non-carcinogens and low honey Bee toxicity but weakly inhibit Human Ether-a-go-go-related gene.

Structural and Synthetic Aspects of Small Ring Oxa- and Aza-Heterocyclic Ring Systems as Antiviral Activities

Antiviral properties of different oxa- and aza-heterocycles are identified and properly correlated with their structural features and discussed in this review article. The primary objective is to explore the activity of such ring systems as antiviral agents, as well as their synthetic routes and biological significance. Eventually, the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of the heterocyclic compounds, along with their salient characteristics are exhibited to build a suitable platform for medicinal chemists and biotechnologists. The synergistic conclusions are extremely important for the introduction of a newer tool for the future drug discovery program.

Two Cu(II) coordination polymers: Heterogeneous catalytic Knoevenagel condensation reaction and treatment activity on atherosclerosis via regulating the expression of the COX-2 in vascular endothelial cells

By altering auxiliary nitrogen-donor ligands, two novel coordination polymers (CPs) containing Cu(II) formulated as [Cu_2.5(L)(trz)₂(H₂O)₂]·2H₂O (1) (Htrz = 1,2,4-triazole and H₃L = 5-(4-carboxybenzyloxy)isophthalic acid) and [Cu(HL)(Hbiz)] (2, Hbiz = benzimidazole) have been produced under the hydrothermal conditions. The complex 2 with both acidic and basic sites was investigated as heterogeneous catalyst, which reveals highly efficient catalytic property of the Knoevenagel condensation reaction. Dynamic changes of coagulation parameters during atherosclerosis was also explored via detecting activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT), and the results showed that compared with CP 2, CP 1 has a stronger improvement on the coagulation parameters during atherosclerosis. Then, the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and matrix metalloproteinase-1 released by the atherosclerotic segment was detected with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detection, which also revealed that CP 1 could obviously decrease the inflammatory mediator released by the atherosclerotic segment, but not CP 2. And, the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) relative expression level in vascular endothelial cells was detected via the real time RT-PCR. The results of the real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) indicated that CP 1 has stronger activity on inhibiting the Notch signaling pathway than CP 2. Finally, we got this information, CP 1 has excellent application values on the coagulation parameters during atherosclerosis via regulating the expression of the COX-2 in vascular endothelial cells.

Synthesis, characterization and in vitro cytotoxicity studies of novel Cu(II) complex containing zonisamide drug: DNA interaction by multi spectroscopic and molecular docking methods

In this study, the Cu(II) complex with Zonisamide (ZNS) and 1, 10-Phenanthroline (Phen) ligands as an anticancer metallodrug was synthesized and characterized successfully by FT-IR, mass spectrometry, TGA, XPS, AAS, CHNSO, magnetic susceptibility and electrical conductivity. The interaction of Cu(II) complex with DNA was explored through a multi-spectroscopic approach such as fluorescence, UV-vis spectrophotometry, CD spectroscopy, and viscosity measurements. Molecular docking simulation was carried out to gain a deeper insight into the target site of DNA which interacted with the mentioned complex. The competitive binding tests with Hoechst 33258 showed that [CuCl₂(ZNS)(Phen)EtOH].H₂O can bind to the groove site of DNA. The calculated thermodynamic parameters, ΔS° = +201.15 J mol^-1K^-1 and ΔH° = +41.32 kJ mol^-1 confirm that the hydrophobic forces and hydrogen bonding play an essential role in the binding process. The experimental and molecular modeling results demonstrate that the Cu(II) complex binds to DNA through major groove binding. Moreover, the in vitro cytotoxic effects of [CuCl₂(ZNS)(Phen)EtOH].H₂O against B92 cancer cell lines showed better activity in Cu(II) complex in comparison to free ZNS. Therefore, [CuCl₂(ZNS)(Phen)EtOH].H₂O can open a new horizon in the treatment of glioma cancer by ZNS metallodrugs.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Antiviral effect of copper chloride on feline calicivirus and synergy with ribavirin in vitro

Background

Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a common and highly prevalent pathogen causing upper respiratory diseases in kittens and felines in recent years. Due to the substantial genetic variability of the viral genes, existing vaccines cannot provide complete protection. Therefore, research on FCV antiviral drugs has received much attention.

Results

In this study, we found that copper chloride had dose-dependent antiviral effects on FCV in F81 cells. We also found that the combination of copper chloride and ribavirin had a synergistic protective effect against FCV in F81 cells. In contrast, the combination of copper chloride and horse anti-FCV immunoglobulin F (ab’)₂ showed an antagonistic effect, likely because copper chloride has an effect on F (ab’)₂ immunoglobulin; however, further research is needed to clarify this supposition.

Conclusions

In summary, we found that copper chloride had low cytotoxicity and significant antiviral effects on FCV in F81 cells, providing a new drug candidate for the prevention and treatment of FCV infection.