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Jorge J, Del Pino Santos KF, Timóteo F, Vasconcelos RRP, Ayala Cáceres OI, Granja IJA, de Souza DM, Frizon TEA, Di Vaccari Botteselle G, Braga AL, Saba S, Rashid HU, Rafique J. Recent Advances on the Antimicrobial Activities of Schiff Bases and their Metal Complexes: An Updated Overview. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:2330-2344. [PMID: 36823995 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230224092830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Schiff bases represent a valuable class of organic compounds, synthesized via condensation of primary amines with ketones or aldehydes. They are renowned for possessing innumerable applications in agricultural chemistry, organic synthesis, chemical and biological sensing, coating, polymer and resin industries, catalysis, coordination chemistry, and drug designing. Schiff bases contain imine or azomethine (-C=N-) functional groups which are important pharmacophores for the design and synthesis of lead bioactive compounds. In medicinal chemistry, Schiff bases have attracted immense attention due to their diverse biological activities. This review aims to encompass the recent developments on the antimicrobial activities of Schiff bases. The article summarizes the antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antimalarial, and antileishmanial activities of Schiff bases reported since 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Jorge
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, 79074-460, MS, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Timóteo
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, 79074-460, MS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - David Monteiro de Souza
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, 79074-460, MS, Brazil
| | - Tiago Elias Allievi Frizon
- Department of Energy and Sustainability, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Campus Araranguá, Araranguá, 88905-120, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio Luiz Braga
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Sumbal Saba
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás - UFG, Goiânia, 74690-900, GO, Brazil
| | - Haroon Ur Rashid
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, 79074-460, MS, Brazil
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Jamal Rafique
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, 79074-460, MS, Brazil
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás - UFG, Goiânia, 74690-900, GO, Brazil
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Gladis EHE, Nagashri K, Anisha M, Joseph J. Synthesis, characterisation, DNA binding, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activities and molecular docking studies of metal(II) complexes with 1,10-phenanthroline scaffold. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-19. [PMID: 35699274 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2078412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of metal complexes containing Phenanthroline scaffold [ML] (L-1,10-Phenanthroline derivative comprises conjugated aromatic core and selenol group); M = Cu(II), Zn(II), Co(II) and Zn(II) ions were designed and synthesised to obtain effective anti-cholinesterase efficiencies of metal chelates. Analytical and spectroscopic studies were used to determine the structural features. An octahedral structure with moderate distortion was attributed to the above metal chelates based on spectroscopic data. The distorted octahedral geometry of copper(II) complex to DNA (Kb = 4.05 × 105 M-1) is stronger than that of ethidium bromide (EB) to DNA (Kb = 3.2 × 105 M-1), other metal complexes, respectively. The synthesised 1,10-Phenanthroline derivative had the best inhibitory effects against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase, with IC50 values of 0.45 and 3.6 M, respectively, which were lower than the reference molecules. As a result, nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds (H2L) showed significant inhibitory profiles against the metabolic enzymes. Therefore, we believe that these experimental results may contribute to the development of new drug molecules particularly in the treatment of neurological disorders including glaucoma, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and diabetes. Docking, AChE and BuChE inhibition activities results revealed that ligand may be used for AD. The prepared 1,10-phenanthroline analogue, which has a high selectivity for AChE, may be studied further to find potential candidates for treating early-stage Alzheimer's symptoms.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Edinsha Gladis
- Department of Chemistry, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, India
| | - K Nagashri
- Department of Chemistry, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, India
| | - M Anisha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, India
| | - J Joseph
- Department of Chemistry, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil, India
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Johnson J, Yardily A. Spectral, modeling and biological studies on a novel (E)-3-(3‑bromo-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-(thiazol-2-yl)prop‑2-en-1-one and some bivalent metal(II) complexes. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Johnson J, Yardily A. Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) metal complexes of chalcone: Synthesis, characterization, thermal, antimicrobial, photocatalytic degradation of dye and molecular modeling studies. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jino Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Research Centre Scott Christian College (Autonomous) Nagercoil India (Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli, India)
| | - Amose Yardily
- Department of Chemistry and Research Centre Scott Christian College (Autonomous) Nagercoil India (Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli, India)
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Reshma R, Selwin Joseyphus R, Arish D, Reshmi Jaya RJ, Johnson J. Tridentate imidazole-based Schiff base metal complexes: molecular docking, structural and biological studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:8602-8614. [PMID: 33896364 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1914171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel Schiff base was synthesized by the condensation of imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde with l-histidine in an equimolar ratio. The prepared Schiff base was characterized by elemental analysis and spectral characterization techniques. It was then complexed with a series of 3-d metal(II) ions like manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper and zinc. The coordination properties, nature of bonding and stability of the complexes were deduced from elemental analysis, IR, UV-vis, 1H NMR, mass, electronic spectra, magnetic, conductivity and thermogravimetric analysis. IR studies support the tridentate behaviour of Schiff base as well as its coordination to the central metal ion through an azomethine nitrogen, deprotonated carboxylic oxygen and imidazole ring nitrogen atoms of histidine. The electronic spectra and magnetic moment data demonstrate that the complexes have an octahedral geometry, except zinc complex, which has a tetrahedral geometry. In vitro antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds has been shown to exhibit excellent antibacterial and antifungal activities. The antibacterial property of the prepared Schiff base was further confirmed by conducting a docking study of target proteins involved in the antibacterial mechanism.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Reshma
- PG & Research Department of Chemistry, Mar Ivanios College (Autonomous), University of Kerala, Nalanchira, Kerala, India.,Department of Chemistry, Sree Narayana College, Varkala, Kerala, India
| | - R Selwin Joseyphus
- PG & Research Department of Chemistry, Mar Ivanios College (Autonomous), University of Kerala, Nalanchira, Kerala, India
| | - D Arish
- FunGlass, Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín, Trenčín, Slovakia
| | | | - J Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Santhom Malankara Arts and Science College, Ednji, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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