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Yang H, Zheng H, Pan Y, Zhang W, Yang M, Du H, Yu A, Li P, Chen X, Xie W, Ren K, Zhao Y, Wang T, He X, Zhou Z. Quantitative proteomic analysis of the effects of dietary deprivation of methionine and cystine on A549 xenograft and A549 xenograft-bearing mouse. Proteomics 2021; 21:e2100007. [PMID: 34482643 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Methionine (Met) and cystine (CySS) are key sulfur donors in cell metabolism and are important nutrients for sustaining tumor growth; however, the molecular effects associated with their deprivation remain to be characterized. Here, we applied a xenograft mouse model to assess the impact of their deprivation on A549 xenografts and the xenograft-bearing animal. Results show that Met and CySS deprivation inhibits A549 growth in vitro, not in vivo. Deprivation was detrimental to the xenograft-bearing mouse, as demonstrated by weight loss and renal dysfunction. Differentially expressed proteins in A549 xenograft and mouse kidneys were characterized using quantitative proteomics. Functional annotation and protein-protein interaction network analysis revealed the enriched signaling pathways, including focal adhesion (Fn1) in the A549 xenograft, and xenobiotic metabolism (Cyp2e1) and glutathione metabolism (Ggt1) in the mouse kidney. Met and CySS deprivation inhibits the migratory and invasive properties of cancer cells, as evidenced by reduced expression of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition marker N-cadherin in A549 cells in vitro. Moreover, IGFBP1 protein expression was inhibited in both A549 xenograft and mouse kidneys. This study provides the first insights into changes within the proteome profile and biological processes upon Met and CySS deprivation in a A549 xenograft mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyang Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Pan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengjing Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiling Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Anan Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Medical Instrument, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiming Ren
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianjiao Wang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Xiaoyan He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoli Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Baguma M, Malembaka EB, Bahizire E, Mudumbi GZ, Shamamba DB, Matabaro AN, Rigo JM, Njamnshi AK, Chabwine JN. Revisiting Konzo Risk Factors in Three Areas Differently Affected by Spastic Paraparesis in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo Discloses a Prominent Role of the Nutritional Status-A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082628. [PMID: 34444788 PMCID: PMC8399762 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This comparative cross-sectional study aimed to better understand the respective contributions of protein malnutrition and cassava-derived cyanide poisoning in the development of konzo. We compared data on nutritional status and cyanide exposure of school-age adolescent konzo-diseased patients to those of non-konzo subjects of similar age from three areas in the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Our results show that konzo patients had a high prevalence of both wasting (54.5%) and stunting (72.7%), as well as of cyanide poisoning (81.8%). Controls from Burhinyi and those from Idjwi showed a similar profile with a low prevalence of wasting (3.3% and 6.5%, respectively) and intermediate prevalence of stunting (26.7% and 23.9%, respectively). They both had a high prevalence of cyanide poisoning (50.0% and 63.0%, respectively), similar to konzo-patients. On the other hand, controls from Bukavu showed the lowest prevalence of both risk factors, namely chronic malnutrition (12.1%) and cyanide poisoning (27.6%). In conclusion, cassava-derived cyanide poisoning does not necessarily coexist with konzo outbreaks. The only factor differentiating konzo patients from healthy individuals exposed to cyanide poisoning appeared to be their worse nutritional status. This further suggests that, besides the known role of cyanide poisoning in the pathogenesis of konzo, malnutrition may be a key factor for the disease occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Baguma
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB), Bukavu 285, Democratic Republic of the Congo; (E.B.M.); (E.B.); (J.N.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu (HPGRB), Bukavu 285, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, UHasselt—Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium;
- Center for Tropical Diseases & Global Health (CTDGH), Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB), Bukavu 285, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Correspondence:
| | - Espoir Bwenge Malembaka
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB), Bukavu 285, Democratic Republic of the Congo; (E.B.M.); (E.B.); (J.N.C.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, W6030, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Esto Bahizire
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB), Bukavu 285, Democratic Republic of the Congo; (E.B.M.); (E.B.); (J.N.C.)
- Center for Tropical Diseases & Global Health (CTDGH), Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB), Bukavu 285, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Center for Research in Natural Sciences of Lwiro, Bukavu 285, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Germain Zabaday Mudumbi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu (HPGRB), Bukavu 285, Democratic Republic of the Congo;
| | - Dieudonné Bahati Shamamba
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Agronomy, Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB), Bukavu 285, Democratic Republic of the Congo;
| | - Alain-Narcisse Matabaro
- Department of Medical Biology, Hôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu (HPGRB), Bukavu 285, Democratic Republic of the Congo;
| | - Jean-Michel Rigo
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, UHasselt—Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium;
| | - Alfred Kongnyu Njamnshi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties/Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 25625, Cameroon;
- Brain Research Africa Initiative (BRAIN), Yaoundé P.O. Box 25625, Cameroon
- Brain Research Africa Initiative (BRAIN), Thônex, 1226 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joelle Nsimire Chabwine
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB), Bukavu 285, Democratic Republic of the Congo; (E.B.M.); (E.B.); (J.N.C.)
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience and Movement Science, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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Spencer PS, Palmer VS. Direct and Indirect Neurotoxic Potential of Metal/Metalloids in Plants and Fungi Used for Food, Dietary Supplements, and Herbal Medicine. TOXICS 2021; 9:57. [PMID: 33809439 PMCID: PMC7998285 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9030057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Plants and mushrooms bioconcentrate metals/metalloids from soil and water such that high levels of potentially neurotoxic elements can occur in cultivated and wild species used for food. While the health effects of excessive exposure to metals/metalloids with neurotoxic potential are well established, overt neurological disease from prolonged ingestion of contaminated botanicals has not been recognized. However, the presence of metal elements may affect levels of botanical neurotoxins in certain plants and mushrooms that are established causes of acute and chronic neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S. Spencer
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA;
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
| | - Valerie S. Palmer
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA;
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Plants with neurotoxic potential in undernourished subjects. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2019; 175:631-640. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Bhandari RK, Oda RP, Petrikovics I, Thompson DE, Brenner M, Mahon SB, Bebarta VS, Rockwood GA, Logue BA. Cyanide toxicokinetics: the behavior of cyanide, thiocyanate and 2-amino-2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid in multiple animal models. J Anal Toxicol 2014; 38:218-25. [PMID: 24711295 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bku020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanide causes toxic effects by inhibiting cytochrome c oxidase, resulting in cellular hypoxia and cytotoxic anoxia, and can eventually lead to death. Cyanide exposure can be verified by direct analysis of cyanide concentrations or analyzing its metabolites, including thiocyanate (SCN(-)) and 2-amino-2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA) in blood. To determine the behavior of these markers following cyanide exposure, a toxicokinetics study was performed in three animal models: (i) rats (250-300 g), (ii) rabbits (3.5-4.2 kg) and (iii) swine (47-54 kg). Cyanide reached a maximum in blood and declined rapidly in each animal model as it was absorbed, distributed, metabolized and eliminated. Thiocyanate concentrations rose more slowly as cyanide was enzymatically converted to SCN(-). Concentrations of ATCA did not rise significantly above the baseline in the rat model, but rose quickly in rabbits (up to a 40-fold increase) and swine (up to a 3-fold increase) and then fell rapidly, generally following the relative behavior of cyanide. Rats were administered cyanide subcutaneously and the apparent half-life (t1/2) was determined to be 1,510 min. Rabbits were administered cyanide intravenously and the t1/2 was determined to be 177 min. Swine were administered cyanide intravenously and the t1/2 was determined to be 26.9 min. The SCN(-) t1/2 in rats was 3,010 min, but was not calculated in rabbits and swine because SCN(-) concentrations did not reach a maximum. The t1/2 of ATCA was 40.7 and 13.9 min in rabbits and swine, respectively, while it could not be determined in rats with confidence. The current study suggests that cyanide exposure may be verified shortly after exposure by determining significantly elevated cyanide and SCN(-) in each animal model and ATCA may be used when the ATCA detoxification pathway is significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj K Bhandari
- 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Avera Health Science Center (SAV) 131, PO Box 2202, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
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Cross-species and tissue variations in cyanide detoxification rates in rodents and non-human primates on protein-restricted diet. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 66:203-9. [PMID: 24500607 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We sought to elucidate the impact of diet, cyanide or cyanate exposure on mammalian cyanide detoxification capabilities (CDC). Male rats (~8 weeks old) (N=52) on 75% sulfur amino acid (SAA)-deficient diet were treated with NaCN (2.5mg/kg bw) or NaOCN (50mg/kg bw) for 6 weeks. Macaca fascicularis monkeys (~12 years old) (N=12) were exclusively fed cassava for 5 weeks. CDC was assessed in plasma, or spinal cord, or brain. In rats, NaCN induced seizures under SAA-restricted diet whereas NaOCN induced motor deficits. No deficits were observed in non-human primates. Under normal diet, the CDC were up to ~80× faster in the nervous system (14 ms to produce one μmol of thiocyanate from the detoxification of cyanide) relative to plasma. Spinal cord CDC was impaired by NaCN, NaOCN, or SAA deficiency. In M. fascicularis, plasma CDC changed proportionally to total proteins (r=0.43; p<0.001). The plasma CDC was ~2× relative to that of rodents. The nervous system susceptibility to cyanide may result from a "multiple hit" by the toxicity of cyanide or its cyanate metabolite, the influences of dietary deficiencies, and the tissue variations in CDC. Chronic dietary reliance on cassava may cause metabolic derangement including poor CDC.
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Modulation of oxidative stress and mitochondrial function by the ketogenic diet. Epilepsy Res 2011; 100:295-303. [PMID: 22078747 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2011.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Revised: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat, low carbohydrate diet that is used as a therapy for intractable epilepsy. However, the mechanism(s) by which the KD achieves neuroprotection and/or seizure control are not yet known. The broad efficacy of the KD in diverse epilepsies coupled with its profound influence on metabolism suggests that mitochondrial functions may be critical in its mechanism(s) of seizure control. Mitochondria subserve important cellular functions that include the production of cellular ATP, control of apoptosis, maintenance of calcium homeostasis and the production and elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This review will focus on recent literature reporting the regulation of mitochondrial functions and redox signaling by the KD. The review highlights a potential mechanism of the KD involving the production of low levels of redox signaling molecules such as H(2)O(2) and electrophiles e.g. 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), which in turn activate adaptive pathways such as the protective transcription factor, NF E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). This can ultimately result in increased production of antioxidants (e.g. GSH) and detoxification enzymes which may be critical in mediating the protective effects of the KD.
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Han H, Kwon H. Estimated dietary intake of thiocyanate from Brassicaceae family in Korean diet. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2009; 72:1380-1387. [PMID: 20077209 DOI: 10.1080/15287390903212709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolate, sulfur-containing organic anions bonded to glucose, is found in plants including the family of Brassicaceae. Glucosinolate is hydrolyzed by myrosinase and produces various by-products that possess biological activities. Among the decomposed products, thiocyanate is known for its adverse effects on thyroid metabolism due to competition with iodine. This is of concern in that Korean dietary habits consist of consumption of large amounts of Brassicaceae vegetables such as cabbage and radishes, which may be correlated with high incidence of thyroid dysfunction. Thus, quantification of thiocyanate in Brassicaceae vegetables was performed by hydrolysis and spectrophotometrical detection. Average daily intake of Brassicaceae vegetables was obtained from the Third Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES III), 2005-Nutrition Survey and from The Vegetable Production Statistics, 2007. Average daily intake of thiocyanate through Brassicaceae vegetables in Korea was estimated to be 16.3 micromol SCN(-)/d/person. When this was compared to published animal studies, average thiocyanate intake per person was lower than doses required to produce adverse effects. However, further studies may be warranted to ensure safety with sufficient margins of safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejung Han
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Abstract
To test the hypothesis that equine grass sickness may be associated with the ingestion of cyanogenic glycosides from white clover (Trifolium repens), the concentrations of whole blood cyanide, and plasma and urinary thiocyanate, the main metabolite of cyanide, were measured in 12 horses with acute grass sickness and 10 horses with subacute grass sickness, and in 43 control horses, of which 21 were co-grazing with cases of acute grass sickness, 12 grazed pastures where grass sickness had not been reported, and 10 were stabled horses. The healthy horses which grazed with cases of acute grass sickness had higher concentrations of blood cyanide, and plasma and urinary thiocyanate than the other control horses, consistent with an increased exposure to cyanogens. The horses with grass sickness had no evidence of a recent intake of cyanogens, but may have been exposed to increased levels of cyanogens before they became anorexic.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C McGorum
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian
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Diasolua Ngudi D, Kuo YH, Lambein F. Food safety and amino acid balance in processed cassava "Cossettes". JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2002; 50:3042-3049. [PMID: 11982439 DOI: 10.1021/jf011441k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Processed cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) roots provide more than 60% of the daily energy intake for the population of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Insufficiently processed cassava roots in a diet deficient in sulfur amino acid have been reported to cause the irreversible paralytic disease konzo, afflicting thousands of women and children in the remote rural areas of Bandundu Province. "Cossettes" (processed cassava roots) purchased in several markets of Kinshasa were analyzed for their content of cyanogens, free amino acids, and total protein amino acids. Residual cyanogen levels were below the safe limit recommended by the codex FAO/WHO for cassava flour (10 mg kg(-1)). The amino acid score was evaluated. Lysine and leucine were the limiting amino acids. Methionine content was very low and contributed about 13% of the total sulfur amino acids. Dietary requirements for sulfur amino acids need to be adjusted for the loss caused by cyanogen detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphin Diasolua Ngudi
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Jozef Kluyskensstraat 27, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Abstract
Environmental chemicals involved in the etiology of human neurodegenerative disorders are challenging to identify. Described here is research designed to determine the etiology and molecular pathogenesis of nerve cell degeneration in two little known corticomotoneuronal diseases with established environmental triggers. Both conditions are toxic-nutritional disorders dominated by persistent spastic weakness of the legs and degeneration of corresponding corticospinal pathways. Lathyrism, a disease caused by dietary dependence on grass pea (Lathyrus sativus), is mediated by a stereospecific plant amino acid (beta-N-oxalylamino-L-alanine) that serves as a potent agonist at the (RS)-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) subclass of neuronal glutamate receptors. A neurologically similar disorder, konzo ("tied legs"), is found among protein-poor African communities that rely for food on cyanogen-containing cassava roots. Thiocyanate, the principal metabolite of cyanide, is an attractive etiologic candidate for konzo because it selectively promotes the action of glutamate at AMPA receptors. Studies are urgently needed to assess the health effects of cassava and other cyanogenic plants, components of which are widely used as food.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Spencer
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201, USA
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