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Dhawefi N, Jedidi S, Sammari H, Ayari A, Jridi M, Sebai H. Diospyros kaki fruit aqueous extract individual/combined with famotidine mitigates peptic ulcer induced by alcohol in rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae155. [PMID: 39345794 PMCID: PMC11427753 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study was performed to evaluate the therapeutic impact of Diospyros kaki fruit aqueous extract (DKFAE) on ethanol induced peptic ulcer. The phytochemical studies of DKFAE were investigated using colorometric analysis. Gastric ulcer was induced by one dose of ethanol (5 ml/Kg, b.w) on 24 h empty stomach. Then, the plant extract (200, 400 mg/kg) was orally administrated for 2 weeks. Famotidine (FAM: 40 mg/kg, b.w.): a reference drug was also tested. The effect of mixture dose between the fruit extract and FAM (DKFAE, 50 mg/kg PC, p.o. + FAM, 50 mg/kg PC, p.o.) was also evaluated. One hour after induction of ulcer blood samples were collected, stomach acidity and volume, as well as lesion counts were measured, then stomach and intestine of scarified rats were subjected to biochemical, macroscopic and microscopic studies. Results showed that DKFAE exhibited an important antioxidant potential. In vivo, the results showed that alcohol induced gastric damage, improving oxidative stress markers level such as MDA and H2O2, gastric and intestinal calcium and free iron. The intoxication by ethanol also produce an inflammation occurred by high level of the C-reactive protein (CRP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in plasma. In contrast, DKFAE and the mixture dose significantly protect against macroscopic and histological injuries, the secretory profile disturbances, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes activities and non enzymatic antioxidant level decrease induced by ethanol administration. More impressively, the mixture dose exerted the more excellent effect than DKFAE and famotidine each alone showing is possible synergism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourhène Dhawefi
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, University of Jendouba, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Béja, Béja 9000 BP n° 382, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Sylvo-Pastoral Resources, University of Jendouba, Sylvo- Pastoral Institute of Tabarka, Tabarka 8110 Bp n° 345, Tunisia
| | - Saber Jedidi
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, University of Jendouba, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Béja, Béja 9000 BP n° 382, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Sylvo-Pastoral Resources, University of Jendouba, Sylvo- Pastoral Institute of Tabarka, Tabarka 8110 Bp n° 345, Tunisia
| | - Houcem Sammari
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, University of Jendouba, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Béja, Béja 9000 BP n° 382, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Sylvo-Pastoral Resources, University of Jendouba, Sylvo- Pastoral Institute of Tabarka, Tabarka 8110 Bp n° 345, Tunisia
| | - Ala Ayari
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, University of Jendouba, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Béja, Béja 9000 BP n° 382, Tunisia
| | - Mourad Jridi
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, University of Jendouba, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Béja, Béja 9000 BP n° 382, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Sebai
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-Resources, University of Jendouba, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Béja, Béja 9000 BP n° 382, Tunisia
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Abu-Izneid T, Rauf A, Ahmad Z, Wadood A, Ayub K, Muhammad N, Al-Awthan YS, Maqbool M, Bahattab OS, Hemeg HA, Naz S, Formanowicz D. Density functional theory (DFT), molecular docking, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory studies of dinaphthodiospyrol S from Diospyros kaki L. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:101936. [PMID: 38261938 PMCID: PMC10797153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, we investigated Diospyros kaki extract and an isolated compound for their potential as xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors, a target enzyme involved in inflammatory disorders. The prepared extract was subjected to column chromatography, and dinaphthodiospyrol S was isolated. Then XO inhibitory properties were assessed using a spectrophotometry microplate reader. DMSO was taken as a negative control, and allopurinol was used as a standard drug. The molecular docking study of the isolated compound to the XO active site was performed, followed by visualization and protein-ligand interaction. The defatted chloroform extract showed the highest inhibitory effect, followed by the chloroform extract and the isolated compound. The isolated compound exhibited significant inhibitory activity against XO with an IC50 value of 1.09 µM. Molecular docking studies showed that the compound strongly interacts with XO, forming hydrogen bond interactions with Arg149 and Cys113 and H-pi interactions with Cys116 and Leu147. The binding score of -7.678 kcal/mol further supported the potential of the isolated compound as an XO inhibitor. The quantum chemical procedures were used to study the electronic behavior of dinaphthodiospyrol S isolated from D. kaki. Frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis was performed to understand the distribution of electronic density, highest occupied molecular orbital HOMO, lowest unoccupied molecular orbital LUMO, and energy gaps. The values of HOMO, LUMO, and energy gap were found to be -6.39, -3.51 and 2.88 eV respectively. The FMO results indicated the intramolecular charge transfer. Moreover, reactivity descriptors were also determined to confirm the stability of the compound. The molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) investigation was done to analyze the electrophilic and nucleophilic sites within a molecule. The oxygen atoms in the compound exhibited negative potential, indicating that they are favorable sites for electrophilic attacks. The results indicate its potential as a therapeutic agent for related disorders. Further studies are needed to investigate this compound's in vivo efficacy and safety as a potential drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareq Abu-Izneid
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain 64141, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Ambar 23561, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Zubair Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Ambar 23561, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan, University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Muhammad
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan, University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Yahya S. Al-Awthan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71421, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ibb University, Ibb 70270, Yemen
| | - Maria Maqbool
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Omar S. Bahattab
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A. Hemeg
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, P.O. Box 344, Al-Madinah Al-Monawra 41411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saima Naz
- Institute of Biotechnology & Microbiology, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (K.P.), Pakistan
| | - Dorota Formanowicz
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
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Hong C, Wang X, Xu J, Guo J, Peng H, Zhang Y. A Review: Pharmacological Effect of Natural Compounds in Diospyros kaki Leaves from the Perspective of Oxidative Stress. Molecules 2023; 29:215. [PMID: 38202798 PMCID: PMC10780463 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidant levels. Current research suggests that oxidative stress is one of the key factors in the development of many chronic diseases, and it has been a concern for many years. Many natural compounds have been studied for their special free-radical-scavenging properties. The major chemical constituents of the leaves of Diospyros kaki are flavonoids and triterpenoids, both of which are potential antioxidants that can prevent damage caused by reactive oxygen species or reactive nitrogen species and ameliorate diseases associated with oxidative stress. In addition to the major constituents such as flavonoids and triterpenoids, the leaves of Diospyros kaki include compounds such as phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, phenolic acids, and terpenes. Studies have shown these compounds have certain antioxidant and neuroprotective activities. Experiments have shown that flavonoids or the extracts from the leaves of Diospyros kaki have a variety of good pharmacological activities, which could activate oxidative stress and mitochondrial apoptosis, inhibit the proliferation of human prostate cancer cells and induce apoptosis. It also could achieve the effect of anti-cancer cell proliferation and induce apoptosis by regulating oxidative stress. The main chemical substance of the leaves of Diospyros kaki regulating oxidative stress may be these multi-hydroxyl structure compounds. These natural products exhibit significant antioxidant activity and are an important basis for the leaves of Diospyros kaki to treat human diseases by regulating oxidative stress. This review summarizes the structural types of natural products in the leaves of Diospyros kaki and elaborates the mechanism of the leaves of Diospyros kaki in neuroprotection, anti-diabetes, renal protection, retinal degenerative diseases, and anti-cancer from a new perspective of oxidative stress, including how it supplements other pharmacological effects. The chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of the leaves of Diospyros kaki are summarized in this paper. The relationship between the chemical components in the leaves of Diospyros kaki and their pharmacological effects is summarized from the perspective of oxidative stress. This review provides a reference for the study of natural anti-oxidative stress drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Hong
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (C.H.); (J.X.); (J.G.); (H.P.)
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China;
| | - Jianjian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (C.H.); (J.X.); (J.G.); (H.P.)
- Lonch Group Wanrong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yuncheng 100176, China
| | - Jianxing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (C.H.); (J.X.); (J.G.); (H.P.)
| | - Houlin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (C.H.); (J.X.); (J.G.); (H.P.)
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (C.H.); (J.X.); (J.G.); (H.P.)
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Renoprotective and Cardioprotective Potential of Moricandia sinaica (Boiss.) against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Toxicity in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8545695. [PMID: 35815261 PMCID: PMC9259224 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8545695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the current study was to assess the nephroprotective and cardioprotective potential of Moricandia sinaica methanol extract (MOR-1), as well as its butanol (MOR-2) and aqueous (MOR-3) fractions against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced nephro and cardio-toxicity. Cardiac function was assessed using the biochemical parameters lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatinine kinase (CK). Renal function was examined using the biochemical parameters creatinine and uric acid. The levels of nonprotein sulfhydryls (NPSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were used as markers of oxidative strain. A dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg of butanol fraction given prior to CCl4 treatment significantly (p < 0.05 − 0.001) protected against elevated LDH and CK levels. Similarly, treatment with silymarin (10 mg/kg) and butanol fraction (100 and 200 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.05 − 0.001) boosted total protein levels compared to CCl4 treatment alone. The silymarin (10 mg/kg) and butanol fraction (100 and 200 mg/kg) also provided a significant (p < 0.05 − 0.001) protective effect for MDA levels. Methanol extract (MOR-1) and butanol (MOR-2) showed significant results and were recommended for further pharmacological and screening for active constituents.
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