1
|
Liquid chromatographic ligand-exchange chiral stationary phases based on amino alcohols. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1557:28-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
2
|
Gecse Z, Ilisz I, Nonn M, Grecsó N, Fülöp F, Agneeswari R, Hyun MH, Péter A. High-performance liquid chromatographic enantioseparation of isoxazoline-fused 2-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acids on a chiral ligand-exchange stationary phase. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:1335-42. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201201061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zsanett Gecse
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - István Ilisz
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Melinda Nonn
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
- Research Group of Stereochemistry of the Hungarian Academy of Science; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Nóra Grecsó
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
- Research Group of Stereochemistry of the Hungarian Academy of Science; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Rajalingam Agneeswari
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials; Pusan National University; Busan South Korea
| | - Myung Ho Hyun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials; Pusan National University; Busan South Korea
| | - Antal Péter
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schmid MG, Gübitz G. Enantioseparation by chromatographic and electromigration techniques using ligand-exchange as chiral separation principle. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 400:2305-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4737-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
4
|
Puchalska P, Pittler E, Trojanowicz M, Gübitz G, Schmid MG. Enantioseparation of amino acids and α-hydroxy acids on ligand-exchange continuous beds by capillary electrochromatography. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:1517-20. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
5
|
|
6
|
Xia S, Zhang L, Lu M, Qiu B, Chi Y, Chen G. Enantiomeric separation of chiral dipeptides by CE-ESI-MS employing a partial filling technique with chiral crown ether. Electrophoresis 2010; 30:2837-44. [PMID: 19655329 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Enantiomer of chiral dipeptides were separated by CE-ESI-MS in a bare fused-silica capillary using (+)-(18-crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid (18C6H4) as the chiral selector. As 18C6H4 is a kind of nonvolatile chiral selector, in order to prevent from 18C6H4 into the ion-source of CE-ESI-MS, a partial filling technique was employed in this study. Some dipeptides with one chiral center or two chiral centers, such as DL-Leu-DL-Leu, D-Ala-D-Ala and L-Ala-L-Ala, Gly-D-Phe and Gly-L-Phe were used to evaluate this CE-ESI-MS system. Optimized conditions were achivevd with 2.0 mol/L acetic acid (pH 2.15) as the running electrolyte, 5 mM 18C6H4 in 3.0 mol/L acetic acid (pH 2.00) was injected hydrodynamically (50 mbar for 960 s) before sample injection. In total 7.5 mM acetic acid in 80% v/v methanol-water was used as the sheath liquid, and 20 kV applied voltage was used. Under the optimum conditions, these dipeptides were separated and detected. LODs (defined as S/N=3) of this method were 0.20, 0.10, 0.05 and 0.10 micromol/L for D-Ala-D-Ala, L-Ala-L-Ala, DL-Leu-DL-Leu, Gly-L-Phe and Gly-D-Phe, respectively. The RSDs (n=7) of the method were 0.68-2.08% for migration times and 2.32-5.24% for peak areas. The proposed method was also successfully applied to the enantioselective analysis of these dipeptides in the spiked serum samples with satisfactory results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shifei Xia
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pittler E, Grawatsch N, Paul D, Gübitz G, Schmid MG. Enantioseparation of amino acids, alpha-hydroxy acids, and dipeptides by ligand-exchange CEC using silica-based chiral stationary phases. Electrophoresis 2010; 30:2897-904. [PMID: 19655330 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This work deals with the application of silica-based ligand-exchange chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for the enantioseparation of underivatized amino acids, alpha-hydroxy acids, and dipeptides with packed CEC. Two different possibilities of preparing silica-based CSPs are presented. One phase contains L-4-hydroxyproline chemically bonded via a spacer to 3 mum silica material. The other approach makes use of N-decyl-L-4-hydroxyproline dynamically coated on a reversed-phase packed capillary. Dynamical coating of reversed-phase material represents a simple alternative to prepare CSP. A comparison of the chemically bonded phase with the dynamically coated CSP by means of resolution of complex-forming analytes is presented. The chemically bonded phase was found to be superior to the dynamically coated phase in terms of resolution of amino acids and dipeptides. However, the dynamically coated CSP was found to be especially suitable for the separation of alpha-hydroxy acids. Both techniques are applicable for enantiomer purity tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elfriede Pittler
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Karl-Franzens-University, Austria
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nesterenko PN, Kebets PA. Ion-exchange properties of silica gel with covalently bonded histidine. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934807010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
9
|
Hyun MH, Ryoo JJ. Optical Resolution of Racemic α-Amino Acids on a Dynamic Chiral Stationary Phase Derived from (S)-Leucinol by Ligand Exchange Chromatography. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079608014044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myung Ho Hyun
- a Department of Chemistry Pusan National , University Keumjeong-Ku Pusan , 609-735, South Korea
| | - Jae-Jeong Ryoo
- a Department of Chemistry Pusan National , University Keumjeong-Ku Pusan , 609-735, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gübitz G, Vollmann B, Cannazza G, Schmid MG. Chiral Resolution of Dipeptides by Ligand Exchange Chromatography on Chemically Bonded Chiral Phases. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079608015118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Gübitz
- a Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Karl-Franzens-University of Graz Universitatsplatz , 1 A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Burkhard Vollmann
- a Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Karl-Franzens-University of Graz Universitatsplatz , 1 A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Giuseppe Cannazza
- a Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Karl-Franzens-University of Graz Universitatsplatz , 1 A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin G. Schmid
- a Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Karl-Franzens-University of Graz Universitatsplatz , 1 A-8010, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu Y, Zou H, Haginaka J. Preparation and evaluation of a novel chiral stationary phase based on covalently bonded chitosan for ligand-exchange chromatography. J Sep Sci 2006; 29:1440-6. [PMID: 16894789 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200600015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A novel chiral stationary phase based on chitosan covalently bonded onto silica gels has been prepared and used for the separation of various alpha-amino acid enantiomers as well as alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acid enantiomers by chiral ligand-exchange chromatography with copper(II) as a complexing ion. The methanol content and copper(II) ion concentration in the eluent affected retentivity and enantioselectivity. Furthermore, a plausible chiral recognition mechanism for resolution of alpha-amino acids was proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueqi Liu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ilisz I, Tourwé D, Armstrong DW, Péter A. High-performance liquid chromatographic enantioseparation of unusual secondary amino acids on a D-penicillamine-based chiral ligand exchange column. Chirality 2006; 18:539-43. [PMID: 16534801 DOI: 10.1002/chir.20257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The application of a chiral ligand-exchange column (CLEC) for the direct high-performance liquid chromatographic enantioseparation of unusual secondary amino acids using D-penicillamine-Cu(II) complex as chiral selector is reported. The amino acids investigated were pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, piperidine-2-carboxylic acid, piperazine-2-carboxylic acid, morpholine-3-carboxylic acid, and thiomorpholine-3-carboxylic acid analogs. Chromatographic results are given as the retention, separation, and resolution factors. The chromatographic conditions were varied to achieve optimal separation. The elution sequence of the enantiomers was determined and in most cases the S isomer eluted before R.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- István Ilisz
- University of Szeged, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Czerwenka C, Lindner W. Stereoselective peptide analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 382:599-638. [PMID: 15856198 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-3091-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2004] [Revised: 01/14/2005] [Accepted: 01/19/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The stereochemistry of a peptide determines its spatial features and can profoundly influence its chemical properties and biological activity. Thus, the analysis of the stereochemical properties of a peptide is an important aspect of its characterisation. For such investigations a "selector" that engages in stereoselective interactions with the peptide analytes is often used. A substantiated knowledge of the underlying molecular recognition mechanism will therefore be helpful in understanding existing and developing new stereoselective analysis systems. After a short introduction concerning the fundamentals of peptide stereoisomers and their biological implications, the stereoselective peptide analysis methods described in the literature are comprehensively reviewed. The characteristics and applications of the employed methods based on various techniques including chromatography (pressure- and electrokinetically driven), capillary electrophoresis, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry are discussed. The various selectors that have been utilised to discriminate peptide enantiomers and/or diastereomers are described concurrently. The review concludes with an overview of combinations and comparisons of techniques that have been applied to the analysis of peptide stereoisomers and constitute a trend for further developments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Czerwenka
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 38, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Czerwenka C, Maier NM, Lindner W. Liquid chromatographic–mass spectrometric separation of oligoalanine peptide stereoisomers: influence of absolute configuration on enantioselectivity and two-dimensional separation of diastereomers and enantiomers. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1038:85-95. [PMID: 15233524 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This contribution describes the chromatographic separation of peptide stereoisomers. Thereby, one focus is laid on the influence of the absolute configurations of peptide enantiomer pairs on their enantioselective separation. Three different N-terminal protecting groups and three different chiral stationary phases (CSPs) based on cinchona alkaloid derivatives were employed and oligoalanine di-, tri- and tetra-peptides were used as model set. The absolute configurations of the individual enantiomeric pairs were found to profoundly influence both the elution order and the enantioselectivity. The stereoselective molecular recognition mechanism was observed to be dependent on the combination of configuration and the chosen protecting group and CSP. As the CSPs on their own exhibited insufficient diastereoselectivity, a two-dimensional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) system was developed for the separation of both diastereomers and enantiomers of peptides in the second part of this study. Diastereomers were separated by reversed phase (RP) and the resulting enantiomeric pair fractions were transferred to a CSP for enantioseparation. All eight stereoisomers of a tripeptide (Ala-Ala-Ala) and 9 out of 10 stereoisomers of a tetrapeptide (Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala) could be successfully resolved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Czerwenka
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 38, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hyun MH, Han SC, Whangbo SH. New ligand exchange chiral stationary phase for the liquid chromatographic resolution of alpha- and beta-amino acids. J Chromatogr A 2003; 992:47-56. [PMID: 12735461 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(03)00276-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new ligand exchange chiral stationary phase (CSP) has been developed by covalently bonding (R)-N,N-carboxymethyl undecyl phenylglycinol mono-sodium salt onto silica gel and applied in the resolution of alpha- and beta-amino acids. In the resolution of alpha-amino acids, the new CSP was better insome cases than the old one, which was previously developed by covalently bonding (S)-N,N-carboxymethyl undecyl leucinol mono-sodium salt onto silica gel, but worse in some other cases than the old one in terms of the separation factors (alpha). However, the new CSP wasalways much better than the old one in terms of the resolution factors (Rs). In the resolution of beta-amino acids, the new CSP was always much better than the old one in terms of both the separation and resolution factors. In an effort to characterize the new CSP, the chromatographic behaviors for the resolution of selected alpha- and beta-amino acids were investigated with the variation of the content of organic modifier and Cu(II) concentration in aqueous mobile phase and the column temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myung Ho Hyun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Kuemjeong-Ku, Pusan 609-735, South Korea.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Czerwenka C, Lämmerhofer M, Maier NM, Rissanen K, Lindner W. Direct high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of peptide enantiomers: study on chiral recognition by systematic evaluation of the influence of structural features of the chiral selectors on enantioselectivity. Anal Chem 2002; 74:5658-66. [PMID: 12433102 DOI: 10.1021/ac020372l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
All-R/all-S enantiomers of oligoalanines (Ala(n), n = 1-10) with N-terminal protection group have been separated by HPLC on chiral stationary phases based on various cinchona alkaloid selectors. Structure-enantioselectivity relationships derived by extensive selector structure optimization provided insights into binding mechanisms and chiral recognition. Their interpretation was supported by X-ray crystal structures of amino acid and dipeptide, respectively, in complex with chiral selector. Optimized selectors have bulky elements representing steric barriers and deep binding pockets that afforded very high enantioselectivities; e.g., for the all-R and all-S enantiomers of N-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)alanylalanine, an alpha-value of 20.0 (corresponding to deltadeltaG of -7.43 kJ/mol) was obtained with a chiral stationary phase based on 6'-(neopentoxy)-9-O-tert-butylcarbamoylcinchonidine. Further, a chiral stationary phase based on 1,4-bis(9-O-quinidinyl)phthalazine was able to distinguish between the all-R and all-S enantiomers of hepta- to decaalanine peptides with enantioselectivity values between 1.8 and 1.9, corresponding to deltadeltaG of -1.46 and -1.59 kJ/mol, respectively.
Collapse
|
17
|
Chiral discrimination of phenoxypropionic acid herbicides on teicoplanin phase: Effect of mobile phase modifier. Chromatographia 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02492134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
18
|
Johansen TN, Stensbøl TB, Nielsen B, Vogensen SB, Frydenvang K, Sløk FA, Bräüner-Osborne H, Madsen U, Krogsgaard-Larsen P. Resolution, configurational assignment, and enantiopharmacology at glutamate receptors of 2-amino-3-(3-carboxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid (ACPA) and demethyl-ACPA. Chirality 2002; 13:523-32. [PMID: 11579444 DOI: 10.1002/chir.1172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We have previously described (RS)-2-amino-3-(3-carboxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid (ACPA) as a potent agonist at the (RS)-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid (AMPA) receptor subtype of (S)-glutamic acid (Glu) receptors. We now report the chromatographic resolution of ACPA and (RS)-2-amino-3-(3-carboxy-4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid (demethyl-ACPA) using a Sumichiral OA-5000 column. The configuration of the enantiomers of both compounds have been assigned based on X-ray crystallographic analyses, supported by circular dichroism spectra and elution orders on chiral HPLC columns. Furthermore, the enantiopharmacology of ACPA and demethyl-ACPA was investigated using radioligand binding and cortical wedge electrophysiological assay systems and cloned metabotropic Glu receptors. (S)-ACPA showed high affinity in AMPA binding (IC(50) = 0.025 microM), low affinity in kainic acid binding (IC(50) = 3.6 microM), and potent AMPA receptor agonist activity on cortical neurons (EC(50) = 0.25 microM), whereas (R)-ACPA was essentially inactive. Like (S)-ACPA, (S)-demethyl-ACPA displayed high AMPA receptor affinity (IC(50) = 0.039 microM), but was found to be a relatively weak AMPA receptor agonist (EC(50) = 12 microM). The stereoselectivity observed for demethyl-ACPA was high when based on AMPA receptor affinity (eudismic ratio = 250), but low when based on electrophysiological activity (eudismic ratio = 10). (R)-Demethyl-ACPA also possessed a weak NMDA receptor antagonist activity (IC(50) = 220 microM). Among the enantiomers tested, only (S)-demethyl-ACPA showed activity at metabotropic receptors, being a weak antagonist at the mGlu(2) receptor subtype (K(B) = 148 microM).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T N Johansen
- NeuroScience PharmaBiotec Research Center, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gübitz G, Schmid MG. Chiral separation by chromatographic and electromigration techniques. A review. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2001; 22:291-336. [PMID: 11835252 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This review gives a survey of different chiral separation principles and their use in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), thin-layer chromatography (TLC), capillary electrophoresis (CE) and capillary electrochromatography (CEC) highlighting new developments and innovative techniques. The mechanisms of the different separation principles are briefly discussed and some selected applications are shown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Gübitz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, Karl-Franzens University, Universitätsplatz 1, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Schmid MG, Grobuschek N, Lecnik O, Gübitz G. Chiral ligand-exchange capillary electrophoresis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001; 48:143-54. [PMID: 11356484 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-022x(01)00145-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the application of capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrochromatography for the chiral separation of various substance classes using the principle of ligand exchange. The application of this principle to various substance classes is reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M G Schmid
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Karl-Franzens University, Universitätsplatz 1, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Interactions between D,L dansyl amino acids and immobilized teicoplanin: Study of the dual effect of sodium citrate on chiral recognition. Chromatographia 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02493013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
22
|
Madsen U, Bräuner-Osborne H, Frydenvang K, Hvene L, Johansen TN, Nielsen B, Sánchez C, Stensbøl TB, Bischoff F, Krogsgaard-Larsen P. Synthesis and pharmacology of 3-isoxazolol amino acids as selective antagonists at group I metabotropic glutamic acid receptors. J Med Chem 2001; 44:1051-9. [PMID: 11297452 DOI: 10.1021/jm000441t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Using ibotenic acid (2) as a lead, two series of 3-isoxazolol amino acid ligands for (S)-glutamic acid (Glu, 1) receptors have been developed. Whereas analogues of (RS)-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid [AMPA, (RS)-3] interact selectively with ionotropic Glu receptors (iGluRs), the few analogues of (RS)-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-isoxazolyl)propionic acid [HIBO, (RS)-4] so far known typically interact with iGluRs as well as metabotropic Glu receptors (mGluRs). We here report the synthesis and pharmacology of a series of 4-substituted analogues of HIBO. The hexyl analogue 9 was shown to be an antagonist at group I mGluRs. The effects of 9 were shown to reside exclusively in (S)-9 (K(b) = 30 microM at mGlu(1) and K(b) = 61 microM at mGlu(5)). The lower homologue of 9, compound 8, showed comparable effects at mGluRs, but 8 also was a weak agonist at the AMPA subtype of iGluRs. Like 9, the higher homologue, compound 10, did not interact with iGluRs, but 10 selectively antagonized mGlu(1) (K(b) = 160 microM) showing very weak antagonist effect at mGlu(5) (K(b) = 990 microM). The phenyl analogue 11 turned out to be an AMPA agonist and an antagonist at mGlu(1) and mGlu(5), and these effects were shown to originate in (S)-11 (EC(50) = 395 microM, K(b) = 86 and 90 microM, respectively). Compound 9, administered icv, but not sc, was shown to protect mice against convulsions induced by N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA). Compounds 9 and 11 were resolved using chiral HPLC, and the configurational assignments of the enantiomers were based on X-ray crystallographic analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U Madsen
- Centre for Drug Design and Transport, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Vogensen SB, Jensen HS, Stensbøl TB, Frydenvang K, Bang-Andersen B, Johansen TN, Egebjerg J, Krogsgaard-Larsen P. Resolution, configurational assignment, and enantiopharmacology of 2-amino-3-[3-hydroxy-5-(2-methyl-2H- tetrazol-5-yl)isoxazol-4-yl]propionic acid, a potent GluR3- and GluR4-preferring AMPA receptor agonist. Chirality 2000; 12:705-13. [PMID: 11054828 DOI: 10.1002/1520-636x(2000)12:10<705::aid-chir2>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that (RS)-2-amino-3-[3-hydroxy-5-(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)isoxazol -4-yl] propionic acid (2-Me-Tet-AMPA) is a selective agonist at (RS)-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid (AMPA) receptors, markedly more potent than AMPA itself, whereas the isomeric compound 1-Me-Tet-AMPA is essentially inactive. We here report the enantiopharmacology of 2-Me-Tet-AMPA in radioligand binding and cortical wedge electrophysiological assay systems, and using cloned AMPA (GluR1-4) and kainic acid (KA) (GluR5, 6, and KA2) receptor subtypes expressed in Xenopus oocytes. 2-Me-Tet-AMPA was resolved using preparative chiral HPLC. Zwitterion (-)-2-Me-Tet-AMPA was assigned the (R)-configuration based on an X-ray crystallographic analysis supported by the elution order of (-)- and (+)-2-Me-Tet-AMPA using four different chiral HPLC columns and by circular dichroism spectra. None of the compounds tested showed detectable affinity for N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor sites, and (R)-2-Me-Tet-AMPA was essentially inactive in all of the test systems used. Whereas (S)-2-Me-Tet-AMPA showed low affinity (IC(50) = 11 microM) in the [(3)H]KA binding assay, it was significantly more potent (IC(50) = 0.009 microM) than AMPA (IC(50) = 0.039 microM) in the [(3)H]AMPA binding assay, and in agreement with these findings, (S)-2-Me-Tet-AMPA (EC(50) = 0.11 microM) was markedly more potent than AMPA (EC(50) = 3.5 microM) in the electrophysiological cortical wedge model. In contrast to AMPA, which showed comparable potencies (EC(50) = 1.3-3.5 microM) at receptors formed by the AMPA receptor subunits (GluR1-4) in Xenopus oocytes, more potent effects and a substantially higher degree of subunit selectivity were observed for (S)-2-Me-Tet-AMPA: GluR1o (EC(50) = 0.16 microM), GluR1o/GluR2i (EC(50) = 0.12 microM), GluR3o (EC(50) = 0.014 microM) and GluR4o (EC(50) = 0.009 microM). At the KA-preferring receptors GluR5 and GluR6/KA2, (S)-2-Me-Tet-AMPA showed much weaker agonist effects (EC(50) = 8.7 and 15.3 microM, respectively). It is concluded that (S)-2-Me-Tet-AMPA is a subunit-selective and highly potent AMPA receptor agonist and a potentially useful tool for studies of physiological AMPA receptor subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S B Vogensen
- NeuroScience, PharmaBiotec Research Center, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
The reversed-phase liquid chromatography retention and separation of a series of D,L dansyl amino acids were investigated over a wide range of salting-out agent (sucrose) concentrations using native beta-cyclodextrin as a chiral stationary phase. An original treatment was developed to determine the number of sucrose molecules (n) excluded from the solute-beta-cyclodextrin cavity interface when the analyte transfer occurred. Using the n values, the relative degrees of compound inclusion were calculated and correlated to the steric bulkiness of the solute. Thermodynamic parameter variations are discussed in relation to the inclusion degree of the dansyl amino acids. This numerical approach is a valuable tool to explore the steric effects implied in the host-guest complex formation.
Collapse
|
25
|
Direct Chiral Separation of Tryptophan Analogues Using Heptakis(3-O-Methyl)-β-Cyclodextrin-Bonded Stationary Phase in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography. Microchem J 1999. [DOI: 10.1006/mchj.1999.1779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
26
|
Schmid M, Rinaldi R, Dreveny D, Gübitz G. Enantioseparation of α-amino acids and dipeptides by ligand-exchange capillary electrophoresis of various l-4-hydroxyproline derivatives. J Chromatogr A 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00301-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
27
|
Madsen U, Frydenvang K, Ebert B, Johansen TN, Brehm L, Krogsgaard-Larsen P. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor agonists: resolution, absolute stereochemistry, and pharmacology of the enantiomers of 2-amino-2-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolyl)acetic acid. J Med Chem 1996; 39:183-90. [PMID: 8568805 DOI: 10.1021/jm950393q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
(R,S)-2-Amino-2-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolyl)acetic acid [(R,S)-AMAA, 4] is a potent and selective agonist at the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) subtype of excitatory amino acid receptors. Using the Ugi "four-component condensation" method, the two diastereomers (2R)- and (2S)-2-[3-(benzyloxy)-5-methyl-4-isoxazolyl]N-tert-butyl-2- [N-[(S)-1-phenylethyl]benzamido]-acetamide (16 and 17, respectively) were synthesized and separated chromatographically. The absolute stereochemistry of 16 was confirmed by an X-ray analysis. Deprotection of these intermediates did, however, provide (R)- (8) and (S)- (9) AMAA, respectively, in extensively racemized forms. N-BOC-protected (R,S)-AMAA (21) was successfully resolved via diastereomeric salt formation using cinchonidine. The stereochemical purity and stability of 8 and 9 obtained via this resolution were determined using chiral HPLC. (R)-AMAA (8) showed peak affinity for [3H]AMPA receptor sites (IC50 = 72 +/- 13 microM) and was shown to be a more potent inhibitor of [3H]CPP binding (IC50 = 3.7 +/- 1.5 microM) than (S)-AMAA (9) (IC50 = 61 +/- 6.4 microM). Neither enantiomer of AMAA affected [3H]kainic acid receptor binding significantly. In electrophysiological studies using rat brain tissue, 8 (EC50 = 7.3 +/- 0.3 microM) was 1 order of magnitude more potent than 9 (EC50 = 75 +/- 9 microM) as an NMDA receptor agonist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U Madsen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gübitz G, Mihellyes S, Kobinger G, Wutte A. New chemically bonded chiral ligand-exchange chromatographic stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(94)80372-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
29
|
Ôi N, Kitahara H, Aoki F. Enantiomer separation by high-performance liquid chromatography with (R,R)-tartaric acid mono-amide derivatives as bifunctional chiral selectors. J Chromatogr A 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(94)80406-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
30
|
Abstract
Application of HPLC as a prime tool in the area of enantiomeric resolution has opened doors of success and varied interest. Use of chiral reagents either indirectly (as derivatization reagent) or directly (added to stationary or mobile phase) has led to achieve resolution of a wide range of compounds. Amino acids, being important molecules with simple structure and easy availability, have been extensively studied. A bibliographic survey on HPLC resolution of amino acids and derivatives along with a brief discussion on general methods of enantiomeric separation has been presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Bhushan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Roorkee, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ôi N, Kitahara H, Aoki F. Enantiomer Separation by HPLC on Reversed Phase Silica Gel Coated with Copper (II) Complexes of (R,R)-Tartaric Acid Mono-Amide Derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079308020941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
32
|
Ôi N, Kitahara H, Aoki F. Enantiomer separation by high-performance liquid chromatography with copper(II) complexes of Schiff bases as chiral stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(93)80518-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
33
|
Chen Y, Shiao MT. Chiral Stationary Phases Derived from (−)-antiHead-to-Head Coumarin Dimer: Preparation, Characterization, and Chiral Recognition Ability. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1992. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.65.3423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
34
|
High-performance ligand-exchange liquid chromatography (HPLEC) of aromatic amines with copper(II), nickel(II) and zinc(II) loaded chelating silica gel columns. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00324818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
35
|
Alvira E. A model for the chiral recognition of L and D amino acids by helicoidal systems. Amino Acids 1992; 2:97-102. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00806079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
36
|
Alvira E, Breton J, Plata J, Girardet C. Chiral discrimination: A model for the interaction between a helicoidal system and an amino acid molecule. Chem Phys 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(91)87002-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
37
|
|
38
|
Separation of drug enantiomers by HPLC using chiral stationary phases — A selective review. Chromatographia 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02269804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
39
|
|
40
|
Feitsma KG, Drenth BF. Chromatographic separation of enantiomers. PHARMACEUTISCH WEEKBLAD. SCIENTIFIC EDITION 1988; 10:1-11. [PMID: 3281134 DOI: 10.1007/bf01966428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In this paper a review is presented on the chromatographic analysis of enantiomers with special attention to high pressure liquid chromatography. Also, some examples of resolution of racemates by thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography are given. The various procedures in the surveyed literature have been divided into three main classes: procedures with formation of diastereomeric compounds prior to the chromatographic separation, procedures in which a chiral mobile phase is used, and procedures with the use of a chiral stationary phase. These methods are subdivided and some examples of their application to drugs and related compounds are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K G Feitsma
- Department of Analytical, Chemistry and Toxicology, State University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chapter 3 Immobilization of Compounds for Selective Interaction with Analytes in Liquid Chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4770(08)60379-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
42
|
Krstulovic AM. Chiral stationary phases for the liquid chromatographic separation of pharmaceuticals. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1988; 6:641-56. [PMID: 16867328 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(88)80076-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/1987] [Revised: 10/23/1987] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Biological systems exhibit remarkable enantioselectivity which is important in biosynthesis, metabolism, storage and transport processes. It is, therefore, not surprising that the chirality of, for example, pharmaceuticals, pesticides and agrochemicals, has become the focus of extensive research in many laboratories throughout the world. Chiral liquid chromatography is currently very popular for enantiomeric separations since the selectivities afforded by a wide range of commercially available chiral phases enable the separations of many classes of compounds to be routine. This paper discusses the most important types of chiral phases currently in use and reviews their applications to the analysis of compounds of pharmacological interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Krstulovic
- L.E.R.S.-SYNTHELABO, Recherche Analytique et Contrôle Pharmaceutique, 23/25 Ave. Morane Saulnier, 92366 Meudon la Forêt Cédex, France
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
|
44
|
|
45
|
Enantiomeric resolution of N-methyl-α-amino acids and α-alkyl-α-amino acids by ligand-exchange chromatography. Chromatographia 1987. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02688576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
46
|
Determination of the enantiomeric composition of chiral carboxylic acids using chiral derivatization and HPLC. Chromatographia 1987. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02688529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|