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Wang G, Kim DS, Olszta MJ, Bowden ME, Schreiber DK, Saslow SA, Um W, Riley BJ, Wang J, Kruger AA. Metallic technetium sequestration in nickel core/shell microstructure during Fe(OH) 2 transformation with Ni doping. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 425:127779. [PMID: 34823954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the impacts of Ni doping on technetium-99 (Tc) sequestration in aqueous solutions through transformation of Fe(OH)2(s) to iron spinel (magnetite) under alkaline conditions. Extensive solid characterization was performed for the mineral phases produced, as well as the Tc/Ni speciation and distribution within these phases. X-ray diffraction results show that iron spinel was the dominant mineral product without detectable Ni incorporation. The doped Ni ions mainly precipitated as fine Fe/Ni oxide/hydroxide particles, including strongly reduced nanometer-sized spheroidal Ni-rich and metallic Ni phases. High-resolution analytical scanning transmission electron microscopy using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy on the produced solid samples (focused ion beam-prepared specimens) revealed three Tc distribution domains dominated by nanocrystals and, especially, a Tc-rich metallic phase. Instances of metallic Tc were specifically found in spheroidal, Ni-rich and metallic nanoparticles exhibiting a core/shell microstructure that suggests strong reduction and sequential precipitation of Ni-Tc-Ni. Mass balance analysis showed nearly 100% Tc removal from the 4.8 × 10-4 M Tc solutions. The finding of the metallic Tc encapsulation indicates that Tc sequestration through Ni-doped Fe(OH)2(s)-to-iron spinel transformation process likely provides an alternative treatment pathway for Tc removal and could be combined into further waste treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohui Wang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, United States.
| | - Dong-Sang Kim
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, United States
| | - Matthew J Olszta
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, United States
| | - Mark E Bowden
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, United States
| | - Daniel K Schreiber
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, United States
| | - Sarah A Saslow
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, United States
| | - Wooyong Um
- Division of Advanced Nuclear Engineering (DANE), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea
| | - Brian J Riley
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, United States
| | - Jing Wang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, United States
| | - Albert A Kruger
- United States Department of Energy, Office of River Protection, Richland, WA 99352, United States
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2
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Separation of 99Tc from low level radioactive liquid waste using hollow fiber supported liquid membrane: optimisation and performance evaluation. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07983-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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3
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Removal of 99Tc from low level radioactive liquid waste using di-tert-butyldibenzo-18-crown-6 impregnated sorbent. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07553-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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4
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Thevenet A, Miljkovic A, La Cognata S, Marie C, Tamain C, Boubals N, Mangano C, Amendola V, Guilbaud P. Syntheses and evaluation of new hydrophilic azacryptands used as masking agents of technetium in solvent extraction processes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:1620-1630. [PMID: 33470269 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt04210b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The extraction of technetium, present in nitric acid medium as pertechnetate anion, is an issue in solvent extraction processes used to recover uranium and plutonium. In the present study, a complexing agent is added in the aqueous nitric acid solution to bind selectively the pertechnetate anion and prevent its extraction into the organic phase or to back extract it in the aqueous phase. Several azacryptands with the addition of hydrophilic groups were synthesized to improve the solubility of the previously studied cage molecule in nitric acid medium. Solvent extraction tests reveal that all the synthesized ligands have a similar complexation strength towards pertechnetate and are able to maintain this anion in the aqueous phase (0.5 M HNO3). These ligands are able to overcome the Hofmeister bias and selectively bind technetium in nitric acid solution. The azacryptand concentration can be increased by a factor of three in the liquid-liquid extraction conditions compared to our previous work. Coordination studies using microcalorimetry, Single Crystal X-Ray Diffraction (SC-XRD), infrared and Raman spectroscopies show the formation of an inclusion complex with hydrogen bonds stabilizing the oxo-anion within the cavity. This solubility improvement is promising for the introduction of this kind of macrocyclic azacryptands in a solvent extraction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexiane Thevenet
- CEA, DES, ISEC, DMRC, University of Montpellier, Marcoule, F-30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France.
| | - Ana Miljkovic
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia, via Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy and INSTM, via G. Giusti 9, I-50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Sonia La Cognata
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia, via Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Cécile Marie
- CEA, DES, ISEC, DMRC, University of Montpellier, Marcoule, F-30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France.
| | - Christelle Tamain
- CEA, DES, ISEC, DMRC, University of Montpellier, Marcoule, F-30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France.
| | - Nathalie Boubals
- CEA, DES, ISEC, DMRC, University of Montpellier, Marcoule, F-30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France.
| | - Carlo Mangano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia, via Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy and INSTM, via G. Giusti 9, I-50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Valeria Amendola
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia, via Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy and INSTM, via G. Giusti 9, I-50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Philippe Guilbaud
- CEA, DES, ISEC, DMRC, University of Montpellier, Marcoule, F-30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France.
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Pearce CI, Moore RC, Morad JW, Asmussen RM, Chatterjee S, Lawter AR, Levitskaia TG, Neeway JJ, Qafoku NP, Rigali MJ, Saslow SA, Szecsody JE, Thallapally PK, Wang G, Freedman VL. Technetium immobilization by materials through sorption and redox-driven processes: A literature review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 716:132849. [PMID: 32057506 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this review is to evaluate materials for use as a barrier or other deployed technology to treat technetium-99 (Tc) in the subsurface. To achieve this, Tc interactions with different materials are considered within the context of remediation strategies. Several naturally occurring materials are considered for Tc immobilization, including iron oxides and low solubility sulfide phases. Synthetic materials are also considered, and include tin-based materials, sorbents (resins, activated carbon, modified clays), layered double hydroxides, metal organic frameworks, cationic polymeric networks and aerogels. All of the materials were evaluated for their potential in-situ and ex-situ performance with respect to long-term Tc uptake and immobilization, environmental impacts and deployability. Other factors such as the technology maturity, cost and availability were also considered. Given the difficulty of evaluating materials under different experimental conditions (e.g., solution chemistry, redox conditions, solution to solid ratio, Tc concentration etc.), a subset of these materials will be selected, on the basis of this review, for subsequent standardized batch loading tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn I Pearce
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America.
| | - Robert C Moore
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Joseph W Morad
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - R Matthew Asmussen
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Sayandev Chatterjee
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Amanda R Lawter
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | | | - James J Neeway
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Nikolla P Qafoku
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Mark J Rigali
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Sarah A Saslow
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Jim E Szecsody
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | | | - Guohui Wang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Vicky L Freedman
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
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Thevenet A, Marie C, Tamain C, Amendola V, Miljkovic A, Guillaumont D, Boubals N, Guilbaud P. Perrhenate and pertechnetate complexation by an azacryptand in nitric acid medium. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:1446-1455. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04314d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Azacryptand addition in nitric acid medium for the recognition of the pertechnetate anion for extraction studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Valeria Amendola
- Dipartimento di Chimica Generale
- Universita di Pavia
- I-27100 Pavia
- Italy
| | - Ana Miljkovic
- Dipartimento di Chimica Generale
- Universita di Pavia
- I-27100 Pavia
- Italy
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Chaudhury S, Mishra V, Shah D. Highly selective separation of pertechnetate from waste water. JOURNAL OF WATER PROCESS ENGINEERING 2019; 31:100896. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2019.100896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2023]
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8
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Zu J, Fu L, Tang F, He L. Synthesis and characterization of pyridyl anion exchange resin for 99Tc removal. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-019-06584-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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9
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Chotkowski M, Połomski D. Extraction of pertechnetates from HNO 3 solutions into ionic liquids. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2017; 314:87-92. [PMID: 28989214 PMCID: PMC5610227 DOI: 10.1007/s10967-017-5362-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The extraction of pertechnetate ions from aquous solutions containing various concentrations of nitric acid into hydrophobic ionic liquids (ILs) has been examined at 25, 50 and 70 °C. The results show that the distribution ratio of Tc (DTc) between both phases weakly depends on the temperature and HNO3 concentration when IL’s with relatively short aliphatic chains are used. The DTc obtained for all examined ILs, except methyltrioctylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and 1-butyl-3-methylimidasolium hexafluorophosphate, are lower than 1.5. In the case of methyltrioctylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide a decrease of Tc concentration in aqueous solutions facilitates pertechnetate extraction into the organic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Chotkowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Połomski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.,Radiation Emergency Centre, National Atomic Energy Agency, Krucza 36, 00-522 Warsaw, Poland
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Preparation and crystal structure of tetraoctylphosphonium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate ionic liquid for electrochemistry at its interface with water. Catal Today 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2017.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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1,10-Phenantroline complex of iron(II) nitrate: the challenging salt for the technetium precipitation from nitric acid solutions. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3675-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Jarvinen GD, Long KM, Goff GS, Runde WH, Mausolf EJ, Czerwinski KR, Poineau F, McAlister DR, Horwitz EP. Separation of Pertechnetate from Uranium in a Simulated UREX Processing Solution Using Anion Exchange Extraction Chromatography. SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2013.800434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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