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Metzger CE, Moore RC, Pirkle AS, Tak LY, Rau J, Bryan JA, Stefanov A, Allen MR, Hook MA. A moderate spinal contusion injury in rats alters bone turnover both below and above the level of injury with sex-based differences apparent in long-term recovery. Bone Rep 2024; 21:101761. [PMID: 38646090 PMCID: PMC11033081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2024.101761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to significant sublesional bone loss and high fracture rates. While loss of mechanical loading plays a significant role in SCI-induced bone loss, animal studies have demonstrated mechanical loading alone does not fully account for loss of bone following SCI. Indeed, we have shown that bone loss occurs below the level of an incomplete moderate contusion SCI, despite the resumption of weight-bearing and stepping. As systemic factors could also impact bone after SCI, bone alterations may also be present in bone sites above the level of injury. To examine this, we assessed bone microarchitecture and bone turnover in the supralesional humerus in male and female rats at two different ages following a moderate contusion injury in both sub-chronic (30 days) and chronic (180 days) time points after injury. At the 30-day timepoint, we found that both young and adult male SCI rats had decrements in trabecular bone volume at the supralesional proximal humerus (PH), while female SCI rats were not different from age-matched shams. At the 180-day timepoint, there were no statistical differences between SCI and sham groups, irrespective of age or sex, at the supralesional proximal humerus. At the 30-day timepoint, all SCI rats had lower BFR and higher osteoclast-covered trabecular surfaces in the proximal humerus compared to age-matched sham groups generally matching the pattern of SCI-induced changes in bone turnover seen in the sublesional proximal tibia. However, at the 180-day timepoint, only male SCI rats had lower BFR at the supralesional proximal humerus while female SCI rats had higher or no different BFR than their age-matched counterparts. Overall, this preclinical study demonstrates that a moderate contusion SCI leads to alterations in bone turnover above the level of injury within 30-days of injury; however male SCI rats maintained lower BFR in the supralesional humerus into long-term recovery. These data further highlight that bone loss after SCI is not driven solely by disuse. Additionally, these data allude to potential systemic factors exerting influence on bone following SCI and highlight the need to consider treatments for SCI-induced bone loss that impact both sublesional and systemic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne E. Metzger
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Robert C. Moore
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Alexander S. Pirkle
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Landon Y. Tak
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Josephina Rau
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States of America
| | - Jessica A. Bryan
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States of America
| | - Alexander Stefanov
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States of America
| | - Matthew R. Allen
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Michelle A. Hook
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States of America
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Caudle MM, Dugas NN, Patel K, Moore RC, Thomas ML, Bomyea J. Repetitive negative thinking as a unique transdiagnostic risk factor for suicidal ideation. Psychiatry Res 2024; 334:115787. [PMID: 38367453 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is a transdiagnostic symptom observed across mood and anxiety disorders and is characterized by frequent, distressing thoughts that are perceived as uncontrollable. Specific forms of RNT have been linked to increased suicide risk. However, most work examining links between RNT and suicide has been conducted within specific disorders and subtypes of RNT (e.g., rumination in individuals with depression). The present study aimed to investigate associations between transdiagnostic RNT and suicidal ideation. We hypothesized RNT would be associated with suicide risk beyond disorder-specific clinical symptoms. Fifty-four participants with mood, anxiety, and/or traumatic stress disorders completed an interview assessing suicidal risk (Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS)) and self-report questionnaires assessing transdiagnostic RNT, depression, and anxiety. Based on C-SSRS, we divided participants into high or low suicide risk groups. We analyzed the relationship between suicidal risk group and RNT and found that RNT was uniquely associated with suicidal risk group, controlling for depression and anxiety severity. Our results suggest including assessments of RNT may have clinical utility for understanding the degree of suicide risk in individuals and point to the potential utility of including clinical interventions to target this symptom for those at high risk of suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Caudle
- San Diego State University, University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, 6363 Alvarado Court, Suite 103, San Diego, CA 92120, United States
| | - N N Dugas
- Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr, San Diego, CA 92161, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - K Patel
- Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr, San Diego, CA 92161, United States
| | - R C Moore
- VA San Diego Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr, San Diego, CA 92161, United States
| | - M L Thomas
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80525, United States
| | - J Bomyea
- VA San Diego Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr, San Diego, CA 92161, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.
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Moore RC, Noel M, Etemadifar A, Loseto L, Posacka AM, Bendell L, Ross PS. Microplastics in beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) prey: An exploratory assessment of trophic transfer in the Beaufort Sea. Sci Total Environ 2022; 806:150201. [PMID: 34571233 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs, <5 mm in length) have been identified as emerging contaminants in marine environments, with ingestion by a variety of biota being of increasing concern. Few studies exist on MP ingestion in Arctic fish, and there are currently no such data from the Beaufort Sea. We investigated MP abundance in five ecologically valuable species from three sampling sites in the Eastern Beaufort Sea to evaluate possible trophic-level pathways of MPs from prey to beluga whales. Polymer analysis confirmed that 21% of fish gastrointestinal tracts (n = 116) contained microplastic particles. Fish that contained MPs had a mean abundance of 1.42 ± 0.44 particles per individual and an overall mean abundance of 0.37 ± 0.16 particles. No plastic particles >5 mm were found, and 78% of the particles observed were fibers. Based on energetic needs, we estimate that individual beluga may ingest between 3800 and 145,000 microplastics annually through trophic transfer, with uncertain health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Moore
- Ocean Wise Conservation Association, 4160 Marine Drive, West Vancouver, BC V7H 1H2, Canada
| | - M Noel
- Ocean Wise Conservation Association, 4160 Marine Drive, West Vancouver, BC V7H 1H2, Canada.
| | - A Etemadifar
- Ocean Wise Conservation Association, 4160 Marine Drive, West Vancouver, BC V7H 1H2, Canada
| | - L Loseto
- Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada; Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - A M Posacka
- Ocean Wise Conservation Association, 4160 Marine Drive, West Vancouver, BC V7H 1H2, Canada.
| | - L Bendell
- Simon Fraser University, Ecotoxicology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - P S Ross
- Ocean Wise Conservation Association, 4160 Marine Drive, West Vancouver, BC V7H 1H2, Canada.
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LeMoine F, Moore RC, Chapple A, Moore FA, Sutton E. Neonatal Survivability following Previable PPROM after Hospital Readmission for Intervention. AJP Rep 2020; 10:e395-e402. [PMID: 33294284 PMCID: PMC7714616 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1721421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To describe our hospital's experience following expectant management of previable preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (pPPROM). Study Design Retrospective review of neonatal survival and maternal and neonatal outcomes of pPPROM cases between 2012 and 2019 at a tertiary referral center in South Central Louisiana. Regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of neonatal survival. Results Of 81 cases of pPPROM prior to 23 weeks gestational age (WGA), 23 survived to neonatal intensive care unit discharge (28.3%) with gestational age at rupture ranging from 18 0/7 to 22 6/7 WGA. Increased latency (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.11, 1.52) and increased gestational age at rupture (aOR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.19, 2.21) increased the probability of neonatal survival. Antibiotics prior to delivery were associated with increased latency duration (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.42, 0.74). Conclusion Neonatal survival rate following pPPROM was 28.3%. Later gestational age at membrane rupture and increased latency periods are associated with increased neonatal survivability. Antibiotic administration following pPPROM increased latency duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia LeMoine
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Robert C Moore
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Woman's Hospital, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Andrew Chapple
- Biostatistics Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Ferney A Moore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Elizabeth Sutton
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Woman's Hospital, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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Pearce CI, Moore RC, Morad JW, Asmussen RM, Chatterjee S, Lawter AR, Levitskaia TG, Neeway JJ, Qafoku NP, Rigali MJ, Saslow SA, Szecsody JE, Thallapally PK, Wang G, Freedman VL. Technetium immobilization by materials through sorption and redox-driven processes: A literature review. Sci Total Environ 2020; 716:132849. [PMID: 32057506 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this review is to evaluate materials for use as a barrier or other deployed technology to treat technetium-99 (Tc) in the subsurface. To achieve this, Tc interactions with different materials are considered within the context of remediation strategies. Several naturally occurring materials are considered for Tc immobilization, including iron oxides and low solubility sulfide phases. Synthetic materials are also considered, and include tin-based materials, sorbents (resins, activated carbon, modified clays), layered double hydroxides, metal organic frameworks, cationic polymeric networks and aerogels. All of the materials were evaluated for their potential in-situ and ex-situ performance with respect to long-term Tc uptake and immobilization, environmental impacts and deployability. Other factors such as the technology maturity, cost and availability were also considered. Given the difficulty of evaluating materials under different experimental conditions (e.g., solution chemistry, redox conditions, solution to solid ratio, Tc concentration etc.), a subset of these materials will be selected, on the basis of this review, for subsequent standardized batch loading tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn I Pearce
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America.
| | - Robert C Moore
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Joseph W Morad
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - R Matthew Asmussen
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Sayandev Chatterjee
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Amanda R Lawter
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | | | - James J Neeway
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Nikolla P Qafoku
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Mark J Rigali
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Sarah A Saslow
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Jim E Szecsody
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | | | - Guohui Wang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Vicky L Freedman
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
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Pearce CI, Cordova EA, Garcia WL, Saslow SA, Cantrell KJ, Morad JW, Qafoku O, Matyáš J, Plymale AE, Chatterjee S, Kang J, Colon FC, Levitskaia TG, Rigali MJ, Szecsody JE, Heald SM, Balasubramanian M, Wang S, Sun DT, Queen WL, Bontchev R, Moore RC, Freedman VL. Evaluation of materials for iodine and technetium immobilization through sorption and redox-driven processes. Sci Total Environ 2020; 716:136167. [PMID: 31955840 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Radioactive iodine-129 (129I) and technetium-99 (99Tc) pose a risk to groundwater due to their long half-lives, toxicity, and high environmental mobility. Based on literature reviewed in Moore et al. (2019) and Pearce et al. (2019), natural and engineered materials, including iron oxides, low-solubility sulfides, tin-based materials, bismuth-based materials, organoclays, and metal organic frameworks, were tested for potential use as a deployed technology for the treatment of 129I and 99Tc to reduce environmental mobility. Materials were evaluated with metrics including capacity for IO3- and TcO4- uptake, selectivity and long-term immobilization potential. Batch testing was used to determine IO3- and TcO4- sorption under aerobic conditions for each material in synthetic groundwater at different solution to solid ratios. Material association with IO3- and TcO4- was spatially resolved using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microprobe mapping. The potential for redox reactions was assessed using X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy. Of the materials tested, bismuth oxy(hydroxide) and ferrihydrite performed the best for IO3-. The commercial Purolite A530E anion-exchange resin outperformed all materials in its sorption capacity for TcO4-. Tin-based materials had high capacity for TcO4-, but immobilized TcO4- via reductive precipitation. Bismuth-based materials had high capacity for TcO4-, though slightly lower than the tin-based materials, but did not immobilize TcO4- by a redox-drive process, mitigating potential negative re-oxidation effects over longer time periods under oxic conditions. Cationic metal organic frameworks and polymer networks had high Tc removal capacity, with TcO4- trapped within the framework of the sorbent material. Although organoclays did not have the highest capacity for IO3- and TcO4- removal in batch experiments, they are available commercially in large quantities, are relatively low cost and have low environmental impact, so were investigated in column experiments, demonstrating scale-up and removal of IO3- and TcO4- via sorption, and reductive immobilization with iron- and sulfur-based species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn I Pearce
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America.
| | - Elsa A Cordova
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Whitney L Garcia
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Sarah A Saslow
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Kirk J Cantrell
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Joseph W Morad
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Odeta Qafoku
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Josef Matyáš
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Andrew E Plymale
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Sayandev Chatterjee
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Jaehyuk Kang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | | | | | - Mark J Rigali
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Jim E Szecsody
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Steve M Heald
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, United States of America
| | | | - Shuao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Daniel T Sun
- EPFL Valais Wallis, Laboratory for Functional Inorganic Materials, 1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Wendy L Queen
- EPFL Valais Wallis, Laboratory for Functional Inorganic Materials, 1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | | | - Robert C Moore
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Vicky L Freedman
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
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Moore RC, Pearce CI, Morad JW, Chatterjee S, Levitskaia TG, Asmussen RM, Lawter AR, Neeway JJ, Qafoku NP, Rigali MJ, Saslow SA, Szecsody JE, Thallapally PK, Wang G, Freedman VL. Iodine immobilization by materials through sorption and redox-driven processes: A literature review. Sci Total Environ 2020; 716:132820. [PMID: 31982189 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Radioiodine-129 (129I) in the subsurface is mobile and limited information is available on treatment technologies. Scientific literature was reviewed to compile information on materials that could potentially be used to immobilize 129I through sorption and redox-driven processes, with an emphasis on ex-situ processes. Candidate materials to immobilize 129I include iron minerals, sulfur-based materials, silver-based materials, bismuth-based materials, ion exchange resins, activated carbon, modified clays, and tailored materials (metal organic frameworks (MOFS), layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and aerogels). Where available, compiled information includes material performance in terms of (i) capacity for 129I uptake; (ii) long-term performance (i.e., solubility of a precipitated phase); (iii) technology maturity; (iv) cost; (v) available quantity; (vi) environmental impact; (vii) ability to emplace the technology for in situ use at the field-scale; and (viii) ex situ treatment (for media extracted from the subsurface or secondary waste streams). Because it can be difficult to compare materials due to differences in experimental conditions applied in the literature, materials will be selected for subsequent standardized batch loading tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Moore
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Carolyn I Pearce
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America.
| | - Joseph W Morad
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Sayandev Chatterjee
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | | | - Robert M Asmussen
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Amanda R Lawter
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - James J Neeway
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Nikolla P Qafoku
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Mark J Rigali
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Sarah A Saslow
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Jim E Szecsody
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | | | - Guohui Wang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
| | - Vicky L Freedman
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
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Moore RC, Loseto L, Noel M, Etemadifar A, Brewster JD, MacPhee S, Bendell L, Ross PS. Microplastics in beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from the Eastern Beaufort Sea. Mar Pollut Bull 2020; 150:110723. [PMID: 31733906 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs, particles <5 mm) represent an emerging global environmental concern, having been detected in multiple aquatic species. However, very little is known about the presence of MPs in higher trophic level species, including cetaceans. We worked with community based monitors and Inuvialuit hunters from Tuktoyaktuk (Northwest Territories, Canada) to sample seven beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) in 2017 and 2018. Microplastics were detected in the gastrointestinal tracts in every whale. We estimate that each whale contained 18 to 147 MPs in their GI tract (average of 97 ± 42 per individual). FTIR-spectroscopy revealed over eight plastic polymer types, with nearly half being polyester. Fibres made up 49% of MPs. The diversity of MP shapes and polymeric identities in beluga points to a complex source scenario, and ultimately raises questions regarding the significance and long-term exposure of this pollutant in this ecologically and culturally valuable species.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Moore
- Ocean Wise Conservation Association, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver, BC V6G 3E2, Canada; Simon Fraser University, Biological Sciences, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - L Loseto
- Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada.
| | - M Noel
- Ocean Wise Conservation Association, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver, BC V6G 3E2, Canada.
| | - A Etemadifar
- Ocean Wise Conservation Association, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver, BC V6G 3E2, Canada.
| | - J D Brewster
- Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada.
| | - S MacPhee
- Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada.
| | - L Bendell
- Simon Fraser University, Biological Sciences, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - P S Ross
- Ocean Wise Conservation Association, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver, BC V6G 3E2, Canada.
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Moore RC, LeMoine F. 474: Survivability of PPROM at less than 23 weeks after hospital re-admission for intervention. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2018.11.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter E. Rubin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Lyster Army Hospital, Fort Rucker, Alabama
| | - Robert C. Moore
- Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Community and Area Development, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C. Moore
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, MS-1136 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87015-1136
| | - Milton E. Vernon
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, MS-1136 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87015-1136
| | - Edward J. Parma
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, MS-1136 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87015-1136
| | - Paul S. Pickard
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, MS-1136 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87015-1136
| | - Gary E. Rochau
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, MS-1136 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87015-1136
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Moore RC, Rigali MJ, Brady P. Selenite sorption by carbonate substituted apatite. Environ Pollut 2016; 218:1102-1107. [PMID: 27592077 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The sorption of selenite, SeO32-, by carbonate substituted hydroxylapatite was investigated using batch kinetic and equilibrium experiments. The carbonate substituted hydroxylapatite was prepared by a precipitation method and characterized by SEM, XRD, FT-IR, TGA, BET and solubility measurements. The material is poorly crystalline, contains approximately 9.4% carbonate by weight and has a surface area of 210.2 m2/g. Uptake of selenite by the carbonated hydroxylapatite was approximately an order of magnitude higher than the uptake by uncarbonated hydroxylapatite reported in the literature. Distribution coefficients, Kd, determined for the carbonated apatite in this work ranged from approximately 4200 to over 14,000 L/kg. A comparison of the results from kinetic experiments performed in this work and literature kinetic data indicates the carbonated apatite synthesized in this study sorbed selenite 23 times faster than uncarbonated hydroxylapatite based on values normalized to the surface area of each material. The results indicate carbonated apatite is a potential candidate for use as a sorbent for pump-and-treat technologies, soil amendments or for use in permeable reactive barriers for the remediation of selenium contaminated sediments and groundwaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Moore
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185, United States.
| | - Mark J Rigali
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185, United States.
| | - Patrick Brady
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185, United States.
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Abstract
Objective We aimed to determine if fibroids in pregnancy, categorized by size, are associated with adverse obstetrical outcomes. Study Design Demographic, clinical, and delivery data were collected from charts of women with singleton gestations who delivered at >20 weeks gestation with fibroids identified at routine anatomy scan and their randomly selected age-matched controls. Largest fibroid diameter was used to categorize small fibroids (≤5 cm) and large fibroids (>5 cm). Results We included 450 patients: 264 patients with fibroids (174 small, 90 large fibroids) and 186 age-matched controls. Women with large fibroids had significantly greater blood loss than women with small fibroids and women with no fibroids (p-value <0.0001 and <0.0001 after adjusting for delivery mode). When fibroid size was compared individually, there was a significantly higher rate of primary cesarean section in both small and large fibroid groups when compared with women with no fibroids (p-values 0.044 and 0.003 after adjusting for body mass index). Conclusion Women with fibroids in pregnancy have higher rates of primary cesarean delivery and are at significant risk for increased blood loss at the time of delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Martin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Nicole D Ulrich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Sheena Duplantis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Frank B Williams
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Qingyang Luo
- Office of Biostatistical Support, The Center for Applied Health Services Research, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Robert C Moore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana
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Ulrich ND, Lapeyre ER, Moore RC. Hemorrhagic Stroke Resulting From Venous Malformation at 20 Weeks of Pregnancy. Ochsner J 2016; 16:542-544. [PMID: 27999514 PMCID: PMC5158162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke in the pregnant patient is not a common occurrence. Despite its relative rarity, stroke during pregnancy is associated with high morbidity and mortality for both mother and infant. We report the case of a patient who experienced a hemorrhagic stroke during pregnancy because of venous cavernoma. CASE REPORT A 34-year-old patient, gravida 5 para 1-0-3-1, presented to labor and delivery triage at 21 weeks, 0 days' gestation with the concern of sudden-onset right-sided facial, arm, and leg numbness and weakness. Intracranial imaging via magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a small left midbrain venous cavernoma in the periaqueductal region of the posterior lateral cerebral peduncle area with evidence of edema and focal hemorrhage. During a 3-day hospital admission, the patient's deficits slowly improved, and she was discharged home. She subsequently delivered vaginally without incident. Six days postpartum, the patient presented with symptoms that were similar to her initial presentation. She was correctly diagnosed with migraine with aura after the appropriate neuroimaging studies did not show an acute stroke. CONCLUSION This case demonstrates the similarities between the perilous diagnosis of stroke and the more routine diagnosis of migraine. The case also highlights the need for caution and for a multidisciplinary treatment approach when the diagnosis of stroke is considered, particularly in the pregnant patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D. Ulrich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA
| | - Elizabeth R. Lapeyre
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA
- The University of Queensland School of Medicine, Ochsner Clinical School, New Orleans, LA
| | - Robert C. Moore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA
- The University of Queensland School of Medicine, Ochsner Clinical School, New Orleans, LA
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Moore RC, Fujimaru S, Kotovsky DA, Gołkowski M. Observations of ionospheric ELF and VLF wave generation by excitation of the thermal cubic nonlinearity. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:235007. [PMID: 24476285 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.235007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Extremely-low-frequency (ELF, 3-3000 Hz) and very-low-frequency (VLF, 3-30 kHz) waves generated by the excitation of the thermal cubic nonlinearity are observed for the first time at the High-Frequency Active Auroral Research Program high-frequency transmitter in Gakona, Alaska. The observed ELF and VLF field amplitudes are the strongest generated by any high frequency (HF, 3-30 MHz) heating facility using this mechanism to date. This manner of ELF and VLF generation is independent of naturally forming currents, such as the auroral electrojet current system. Time-of-arrival analysis applied to experimental observations shows that the thermal cubic ELF and VLF source region is located within the collisional D-region ionosphere. Observations are compared with the predictions of a theoretical HF heating model using perturbation theory. For the experiments performed, two X-mode HF waves were transmitted at frequencies ω1 and ω2, with |ω2-2ω1| being in the ELF and VLF frequency range. In contrast with previous work, we determine that the ELF and VLF source is dominantly produced by the interaction between collision frequency oscillations at frequency ω2-ω1 and the polarization current density associated with the lower frequency HF wave at frequency ω1. This specific interaction has been neglected in past cubic thermal nonlinearity work, and it plays a major role in the generation of ELF and VLF waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Moore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - S Fujimaru
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - D A Kotovsky
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - M Gołkowski
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80202, USA
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Abstract
Pregnancy causes anatomic and physiologic changes in the gastrointestinal tract. Pregnant women with intestinal disease such as Crohn disease or ulcerative colitis pose a management challenge in clinical diagnosis, radiologic evaluation, and treatment secondary to potential risk to the fetus. Heightened physician awareness on possible etiologies such as appendicitis, diverticulitis, and rarely colorectal cancer is required for rapid diagnosis and treatment to improve maternal/fetal outcome. A multidisciplinary approach to evaluation is a necessity because radiologic procedures and treatment medications commonly used in nonpregnant patients may have a potential harmful effect on the fetus. The authors review several gastrointestinal conditions encountered during pregnancy and address presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of each condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherri A Longo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana
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Rao L, Garnov AY, Rai D, Xia Y, Moore RC. Protonation and complexation of isosaccharinic acid with U(VI) and Fe(III) in acidic solutions: potentiometric and calorimetric studies. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.92.9.575.54970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
SummaryProtonation and complexation of α-isosaccharinic acid with U(VI) and Fe(III) have been studied in acidic solutions att=25 °C andI=1.0 mol dm-3NaClO4. From the potentiometric titrations, the protonation constant of the carboxylate group is calculated to be 3.65±0.05 and the data are consistent with the presence of three and four successive mononuclear complexes for U(VI) and Fe(III), respectively. The formation constants of the complexes, logβjfor the reactions of M+L=MLjwherej=1-3 for U(VI),j=1-4 for Fe(III) and L stands for isosaccharinate, are determined to be 2.91±0.15 (UO2L), 5.37±0.07 (UO2L2), 7.25±0.18 (UO2L3), 5.06±0.17 (FeL), 8.51±0.15 (FeL2), 11.00±0.16 (FeL3), and 12.99±0.17 (FeL4). From the calorimetric titrations, the enthalpy of protonation of the carboxylate group is determined to be -(7.94±0.03)kJ mol-1, similar to that of otherα-hydroxycarboxylates. The enthalpies of complexation between U(VI) and isosaccharinate are quite small: Δ H1= -(1.0±1.0)kJ mol-1, Δ H2=1.4±1.8 kJ mol-1and Δ H3=-(6.2±3.0)kJ mol-1, typical of the interactions between carboxylates and hard-acid cations. The complexation between U(VI) and isosaccharinate is mainly entropy-driven. In comparison, the enthalpies of complexation for FeL3and FeL4are large and exothermic, contributing significantly to the stability of the complexes.
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Abstract
The sorption of NpO2
+ from aqueous solution on hydroxyapatite was studied as a function of the amount of sorbent, initial NpO2
+ concentration, ionic strength and pcH. The hydroxyapatite was characterized by SEM, EDS, XRD, FT-IR and ICP-MS measurements. At ionic strengths of 0.10 to 5.00 M NaClO4, the sorption increased with increased pcH to a maximum between pcH 8−8.5, then decreased as the pcH increased.
The kinetics of NpO2
+ sorption on hydroxyapatite followed Lagergren first order kinetics. The temperature dependence of sorption was small in the range of 273−283 K, but increased more sharply at higher temperatures of 298−333 K. The heat of sorption of NpO2
+ was endothermic and the free energy values were exothermic indicating large, positive entropy. The activation energy for the sorption process was calculated to be 29.52±1.2 kJ/mole. The effect of calcium and phosphate on NpO2
+ sorption was studied as a function of concentration and pcH.
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Abstract
Abstract
The sorption of Np(V) to synthetic hydroxyapatite was determined in batch experiments in a 0.1M NaClO4 solution. The hydroxyapatite used was of high purity as determined by SEM, EDS, XRD, FT-IR and ICP-MS analysis. Results from kinetic experiments with an initial Np(V) concentration of 1×10-7 to 1×10-6M indicate the sorption process is relatively fast with more than 90 of the Np(V) being sorbed in approximately 3 hours. Equilibrium experiments performed over the pH range of 6 to 11 indicated sorption is strongly pH dependent with distribution coefficients, K
d values (mL/g), increasing from 123L/mole at pH 6 to 69200L/mole at pH 8.5. K
d values are observed to decrease as pH further increases. Data points over a range of Np(V) concentrations were collected at pH 8 and fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model for simple adsorption. The Langmuir equation gave an excellent representation of the data. Langmuir parameters were determined to be C
a=0.032mole/mole and K=1.22×106L/mole, indicating the high affinity of hydroxyapatite for Np(V) adsorption.
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20
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Borkowski M, Choppin GR, Moore RC. Thermodynamic modeling of metal-ligand interactions in high ionic strength NaCl solutions: the Co2+-oxalate system. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2000.88.9-11.599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
First and second apparent stability constants for cobalt(II) with oxalate ion have been determined using solvent extraction. Data were collected in 0.3 m to 5.0 m NaCl aqueous solutions. The logarithms of first stability constant ranged from 3.30 ± 0.03 to 3.57 ± 0.03 and second stability constant ranged from 5.49 ± 0.05 to 6.02 ± 0.06. The data were modeled using the Pitzer equations. For the 1:1 complex, values of the μ0/RT = -20.3 and the single neutral-ion interaction parameter λ0CoOx-Cl-= -0.161 were determined. For the 1:2 complex, a value for the μ0/RT = -12.4 was calculated from literature data and the Pitzer parameters β0Co(Ox)22--Na+= -0.628; β1Co(Ox)22--Na+= 1.74 and cΦ= 0.251 were determined. Standard chemical potential values are based on a model for oxalate deprotonation reported in an earlier study. Stability constants determined in this work are compared to available values from the literature.
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Borkowski M, Choppin GR, Moore RC. Thermodynamic modeling of metal–ligand interactions in high ionic strength NaCl solutions: the Ni2+-oxalate system. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.91.3.169.19978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Stability constants for the 1:1 and 1:2 complexes of Ni(II)+Oxalate have been determined using solvent extraction. Data collected in 0.3m to 5.0m NaCl aqueous solutions at 20.0±0.1°C yielded values of log β
101 ranging from 3.71 to 3.98(±0.06) and of log β
102 from 6.44 to 6.95(±0.06), which agree well with values from the literature. The data were analyzed by the Pitzer model with a value of μ
0/RT=-17.47 for the 1:1 complex calculated from the data and literature values. A single neutral-ion interaction parameter λNiOx-Cl=-0.179 was used to describe the ionic strength dependence of the 1:1 complex. For the 1:2 complex, a value for μ
0/RT=-11.31 and the Pitzer parameters values, β
0
NiOx₂²⁻-Na⁺=-0.0644 and β
1
NiOx₂²⁻-Na⁺=0.8545, were determined. These standard chemical potential values are based on a model for oxalate deprotonation reported earlier.
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22
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Moore RC, Sanchez C, Holt K, Zhang P, Xu H, Choppin GR. Formation of hydroxyapatite in soils using calcium citrate and sodium phosphate for control of strontium migration. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.92.9.719.55000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Summary
90Sr contamination is a major problem at several U.S. sites. At some sites, 90Sr has migrated deep underground making site remediation difficult. In this paper, we describe a novel method for precipitation of hydroxyapatite, a strong sorbent for 90Sr, in soil. The method is based on mixing a solution of calcium citrate and sodium phosphate in soil. As the indigenous soil microorganisms mineralize the citrate, the calcium is released and forms hydroxyapatite. Soil, taken from the Albuquerque desert, was treated with a sodium phosphate solution or a sodium phosphate/calcium citrate solution. TEM and EDS were used to identify hydroxyapatite with CO3
2- substitutions, with a formula of (Ca4.8Na0.2)[(PO4)2.8(CO3)0.2](OH), in the soil treated with the sodium phosphate/calcium citrate solution. Untreated and treated soils were used in batch sorption experiments for Sr uptake. Average Sr uptake was 19.5, 77.0 and 94.7% for the untreated soil, soil treated with sodium phosphate, and soil with apatite, respectively. In desorption experiments, the untreated soil, phosphate treated soil and apatite treated soil released an average of 34.2, 28.8 and 4.8% respectively. The results indicate the potential of forming apatite in soil using soluble reagents for retardation of radionuclide migration.
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Rai D, Moore DA, Felmy AR, Choppin GR, Moore RC. Thermodynamics of the PuO2+-Na+-OH--Cl--ClO4--H2O system: use of NpO2+Pitzer parameters for PuO2+. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2001.89.8.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Obtaining reliable thermodynamic data for Pu(V) is difficult because of its redox and/or disproportionation reactions in most aqueous systems. The known stability of Pu(V) in PuO2(am) suspensions in slightly acidic to near neutral conditions was used to study the solubility of PuO2(am) in 0.4 and 4.0 M NaCl or NaClO4solutions ranging in pcH+values from 4 to 9 as a function of time. The close agreement between the observed solubility and the predicted solubility using Pitzer ion-interaction parameters of Np(V) with Cl-or ClO4-for Pu(V) indicates that Pu(V), as expected, behaves in an analogous fashion to Np(V) and confirms the value of using Np(V) data to model Pu(V) behavior.
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Asimakis S, Petropoulos P, Poletti F, Leong JYY, Moore RC, Frampton KE, Feng X, Loh WH, Richardson DJ. Towards efficient and broadband four-wave-mixing using short-length dispersion tailored lead silicate holey fibers. Opt Express 2007; 15:596-601. [PMID: 19532280 DOI: 10.1364/oe.15.000596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate four-wave-mixing based wavelength conversion at 1.55 mum in a 2.2 m-long dispersion-shifted lead-silicate holey fiber. For a pump peak power of ~6 W, a conversion efficiency of -6 dB is achieved over a 3-dB bandwidth of ~30 nm. Numerical simulations are used to predict the performance of the fiber for different experimental conditions and to address the potential of dispersion-tailored lead silicate holey fibers in wavelength conversion applications utilizing four-wave-mixing. It is shown that highly efficient and broadband wavelength conversion, covering the entire C-band, can be achieved for such fibers at reasonable optical pump powers and for fiber lengths as short as ~2 m.
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Abstract
Ammonium D-glucarate, NH(4)(C(6)H(9)O(8)) [ammonium D-saccharate, NH(4)-SAC], has been synthesized, and its crystal structure solved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. NH(4)-SAC crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1) (#4) with cell parameters a = 4.8350(4) Angstroms, b = 11.0477(8) Angstroms, c = 16.7268(12) Angstroms, beta = 90.973(1) degrees, V = 894.34(12) Angstroms(3), Z = 3. The structure was refined by full-matrix least-squares on F(2) yielding final R-values (all data) R1 = 0.0353 and R(w)2 = 0.0870. The structure consists of alternating (NH(4))(+) and (C(6)H(11)O(6))(-) layers parallel to the bc plane. An extended network of N-H...O(SAC) and O(SAC)-H...O(SAC) hydrogen bonds provide the 3-D connectivity. The aqueous solubility (S(w)) has been shown to be pH independent at ambient conditions within the range 4.5 < pH < 10 with S(w) = 2.19 M/L, whose value is about a factor of two lower than that of the ammonium isosaccharate analogue.
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Sanchez CA, Krieger RI, Khandaker N, Moore RC, Holts KC, Neidel LL. Accumulation and perchlorate exposure potential of lettuce produced in the Lower Colorado River region. J Agric Food Chem 2005; 53:5479-86. [PMID: 15969537 DOI: 10.1021/jf050380d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The Colorado River is contaminated with perchlorate concentrations of 1.5-8 microg/L, an anion linked to thyroid dysfunction. Over 90% of the lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) consumed during the winter months in the United States is produced in the Lower Colorado River region. Studies were conducted in this region to survey the potential for lettuce perchlorate accumulation and estimate potential human exposure to perchlorate from lettuce. Total uptake of perchlorate in the above-ground plant of iceberg lettuce was approximately 5 g/ha. Exposure estimates ranged from 0.45 to 1.8 microg/day depending on lettuce types and trimming. For all lettuce types, hypothetical exposures were less than 4% of the reference dose recommended by the National Academy of Sciences. Results show the relative iodide uptake inhibition potential because of lettuce nitrate was 2 orders of magnitude greater than that associated with the corresponding trace levels of perchlorate. These data support the conclusion that potential perchlorate exposures from lettuce irrigated with Colorado River water are negligible relative to acute or long-term harmful amounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Sanchez
- Department of Soil, Water, and Environmental Sciences, Yuma Agricultural Center, The University of Arizona, 85364, USA
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Martin JN, Thigpen BD, Moore RC, Rose CH, Cushman J, May W. Stroke and severe preeclampsia and eclampsia: a paradigm shift focusing on systolic blood pressure. Obstet Gynecol 2005; 105:246-54. [PMID: 15684147 DOI: 10.1097/01.aog.0000151116.84113.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify important clinical correlates of stroke in patients with preeclampsia and eclampsia. METHODS The case histories of 28 patients who sustained a stroke in association with severe preeclampsia and eclampsia were scrutinized with particular attention to blood pressures. RESULTS Stroke occurred antepartum in 12 patients, postpartum in 16. Stroke was classified as hemorrhagic-arterial in 25 of 27 patients (92.6%) and thrombotic-arterial in 2 others. Multiple sites were involved in 37% without distinct pattern. In the 24 patients being treated immediately before stroke, systolic pressure was 160 mm Hg or greater in 23 (95.8%) and more than 155 mm Hg in 100%. In contrast, only 3 of 24 patients (12.5%) exhibited prestroke diastolic pressures of 110 mm Hg or greater, only 5 of 28 reached 105 mm Hg, and only 6 (25%) exceeded a mean arterial pressure of 130 mm Hg before stroke. Only 3 patients received prestroke antihypertensives. Twelve patients sustained a stroke while receiving magnesium sulfate infusion; 8 had eclampsia. Although all blood pressure means after stroke were significantly higher than prestroke, only 5 patients exhibited more than 110 mm Hg diastolic pressures. In 18 of 28 patients, hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets syndrome did not significantly alter blood pressures compared with non-hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets. Mean systolic and diastolic changes from pregnancy baseline to prestroke values were 64.4 and 30.6 mm Hg, respectively. Maternal mortality was 53.6%; only 3 patients escaped permanent significant morbidity. CONCLUSION In contrast to severe systolic hypertension, severe diastolic hypertension does not develop before stroke in most patients with severe preeclampsia and eclampsia. A paradigm shift is needed toward considering antihypertensive therapy for severely preeclamptic and eclamptic patients when systolic blood pressure reaches or exceeds 155-160 mm Hg. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Martin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA.
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Bontchev RP, Moore RC. Crystal structure of ammonium isosaccharate and aqueous solubility of ammonium and sodium isosaccharates. Carbohydr Res 2004; 339:2811-6. [PMID: 15542090 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2004.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2004] [Accepted: 09/15/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Ammonium isosaccharate, C6H15NO6.H2O (NH4-ISA), has been synthesized and its crystal structure solved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. NH4-ISA crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1) (#4) with cell parameters a=8.6470(12)A, b=5.0207(7)A, c=9.8193(14)A, beta=91.643(3) degrees , V=426.12(10)A3, Z=2. The structure was refined by full-matrix least-squares on F2 yielding final R-values (all data) R1=0.0485 and Rw2=0.1104. The structure consists of alternating (NH4)+ and (C6H11O6)- layers parallel to the ab plane. An extended network of O-H...O intermolecular (ISA)...(ISA) hydrogen bonds links the (ISA)- anions within the ab plane, while the 3-D connectivity along the c-axis is provided only by (ISA-)...(NH4+)...(ISA-) hydrogen bonds. The aqueous solubility (Si, [ML(-1)]) of NH4- and Na-ISA has been shown to be pH independent at ambient conditions within the range 4.5<pH<10 with S(NH4-ISA)=4.035 and S(Na-ISA)=1.731, respectively, which values are about two orders of magnitude higher than that of the Ca-ISA analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranko P Bontchev
- Sandia National Laboratories, PO Box 5800, MS 0779, Albuquerque, NM 87185-0779, USA
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Moore RC. Autosomes behaving badly. Heredity (Edinb) 2004; 93:126-7. [PMID: 15241454 DOI: 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R C Moore
- Department of Genetics, North Carolina State University, USA.
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Abstract
Sodium isosaccharate, NaC(6)H(11)O(6).H(2)O (Na-ISA), has been synthesized, and its crystal structure solved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. Na-ISA crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1) (#4) with cell parameters a = 9.2267(11) A, b = 5.0765(6) A, c = 9.7435(11) A, beta = 103.304(2) degrees, V = 444.13(9) A(3), Z = 2. The structure was refined by full-matrix least-squares on F2 yielding final R-values (all data) R1 = 0.0361 and Rw2 = 0.0935. The structure of Na-ISA consists of (C(6)H(11)O(6))(-) anions arranged in layers parallel to the bc plane. An extended network of O-H...O hydrogen bonds links the (ISA)(-) anions and the crystal water molecules. Each sodium atom is coordinated by four oxygen atoms belonging to four different (ISA)(-) anions and by one water molecule. The resulting NaO(5) polyhedra are linked by sharing common corners in zig-zag chains running parallel to the b-axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranko P Bontchev
- Sandia National Laboratories, PO Box 5800, MS 0779 Albuquerque, NM 87185-0779, USA
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Rai D, Hess NJ, Xia Y, Rao L, Cho HM, Moore RC, Van Loon LR. Comprehensive Thermodynamic Model Applicable to Highly Acidic to Basic Conditions for Isosaccharinate Reactions with Ca(II) and Np(IV). J SOLUTION CHEM 2003. [DOI: 10.1023/b:josl.0000002988.99769.cb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Moore RC, Mastrangelo P, Bouzamondo E, Heinrich C, Legname G, Prusiner SB, Hood L, Westaway D, DeArmond SJ, Tremblay P. Doppel-induced cerebellar degeneration in transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:15288-93. [PMID: 11734625 PMCID: PMC65022 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.251550798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Doppel (Dpl) is a paralog of the mammalian prion protein (PrP); it is abundant in testes but expressed at low levels in the adult central nervous system. In two Prnp-deficient (Prnp(0/0)) mouse lines (Ngsk and Rcm0), Dpl overexpression correlated with ataxia and death of cerebellar neurons. To determine whether Dpl overexpression, rather than the dysregulation of genes neighboring the Prn gene complex, was responsible for the ataxic syndrome, we placed the mouse Dpl coding sequence under the control of the Prnp promoter and produced transgenic (Tg) mice on the Prnp(0/0)-ZrchI background (hereafter referred to as ZrchI). ZrchI mice exhibit neither Dpl overexpression nor cerebellar degeneration. In contrast, Tg(Dpl)ZrchI mice showed cerebellar granule and Purkinje cell loss; the age of onset of ataxia was inversely proportional to the levels of Dpl protein. Crosses of Tg mice overexpressing wild-type PrP with two lines of Tg(Dpl)ZrchI mice resulted in a phenotypic rescue of the ataxic syndrome, while Dpl overexpression was unchanged. Restoration of PrP expression also rendered the Tg(Dpl) mice susceptible to prion infection, with incubation times indistinguishable from non-Tg controls. Whereas the rescue of Dpl-induced neurotoxicity by coexpression of PrP argues for an interaction between the PrP and Dpl proteins in vivo, the unaltered incubation times in Tg mice overexpressing Dpl in the central nervous system suggest that Dpl is unlikely to be involved in prion formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Moore
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Moore RC, Xiang F, Monaghan J, Han D, Zhang Z, Edström L, Anvret M, Prusiner SB. Huntington disease phenocopy is a familial prion disease. Am J Hum Genet 2001; 69:1385-8. [PMID: 11593450 PMCID: PMC1235549 DOI: 10.1086/324414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2001] [Accepted: 09/17/2001] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is a common autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease with early adult-onset motor abnormalities and dementia. Many studies of HD show that huntingtin (CAG)n repeat-expansion length is a sensitive and specific marker for HD. However, there are a significant number of examples of HD in the absence of a huntingtin (CAG)n expansion, suggesting that mutations in other genes can provoke HD-like disorders. The identification of genes responsible for these "phenocopies" may greatly improve the reliability of genetic screens for HD and may provide further insight into neurodegenerative disease. We have examined an HD phenocopy pedigree with linkage to chromosome 20p12 for mutations in the prion protein (PrP) gene (PRNP). This reveals that affected individuals are heterozygous for a 192-nucleotide (nt) insertion within the PrP coding region, which encodes an expanded PrP with eight extra octapeptide repeats. This reveals that this HD phenocopy is, in fact, a familial prion disease and that PrP repeat-expansion mutations can provoke an HD "genocopy." PrP repeat expansions are well characterized and provoke early-onset, slowly progressive atypical prion diseases with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance and a remarkable range of clinical features, many of which overlap with those of HD. This observation raises the possibility that an unknown number of HD phenocopies are, in fact, familial prion diseases and argues that clinicians should consider screening for PrP mutations in individuals with HD-like diseases in which the characteristic HD (CAG)n repeat expansions are absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Moore
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0518, USA
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Mo H, Moore RC, Cohen FE, Westaway D, Prusiner SB, Wright PE, Dyson HJ. Two different neurodegenerative diseases caused by proteins with similar structures. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:2352-7. [PMID: 11226243 PMCID: PMC30142 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.051627998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The downstream prion-like protein (doppel, or Dpl) is a paralog of the cellular prion protein, PrP(C). The two proteins have approximately 25% sequence identity, but seem to have distinct physiologic roles. Unlike PrP(C), Dpl does not support prion replication; instead, overexpression of Dpl in the brain seems to cause a completely different neurodegenerative disease. We report the solution structure of a fragment of recombinant mouse Dpl (residues 26-157) containing a globular domain with three helices and a small amount of beta-structure. Overall, the topology of Dpl is very similar to that of PrP(C). Significant differences include a marked kink in one of the helices in Dpl, and a different orientation of the two short beta-strands. Although the two proteins most likely arose through duplication of a single ancestral gene, the relationship is now so distant that only the structures retain similarity; the functions have diversified along with the sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Abstract
The corrosion layer on steel surfaces that formed after exposure to waste isolation pilot plant (WIPP) brines under anoxic conditions was characterized for chemical composition, thickness and phase composition. The chemical composition of the corrosion layer was determined both by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and by chemical analysis of acid solutions used to remove the corrosion layer. Atomic force microscopic (AFM) images indicated that the brine-corroded surface layer shows extensive granulation along the contours of the steel surface that is characteristic of sharp polishing marks. The corrosion layer seemed to be porous and could be dissolved and detached in dilute hydrochloric acid. The corrosion layer appears to be composed of iron oxides with some ionic substitutions from the brines. The 77 K Mössbauer spectrum recorded for iron powder leached under similar conditions indicated the corrosion layer was comprised principally of green rust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
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Marcus AI, Moore RC, Cyr RJ. The role of microtubules in guard cell function. Plant Physiol 2001; 125:387-95. [PMID: 11154346 PMCID: PMC61019 DOI: 10.1104/pp.125.1.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2000] [Revised: 07/05/2000] [Accepted: 08/31/2000] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Guard cells are able to sense a multitude of environmental signals and appropriately adjust the stomatal pore to regulate gas exchange in and out of the leaf. The role of the microtubule cytoskeleton during these stomatal movements has been debated. To help resolve this debate, in vivo stomatal aperture assays with different microtubule inhibitors were performed. We observed that guard cells expressing the microtubule-binding green fluorescent fusion protein (green fluorescent protein::microtubule binding domain) fail to open for all major environmental triggers of stomatal opening. Furthermore, guard cells treated with the anti-microtubule drugs, propyzamide, oryzalin, and trifluralin also failed to open under the same environmental conditions. The inhibitory conditions caused by green fluorescent protein::microtubule binding domain and these anti-microtubule drugs could be reversed using the proton pump activator, fusicoccin. Therefore, we conclude that microtubules are involved in an upstream event prior to the ionic fluxes leading to stomatal opening. In a mechanistic manner, evidence is presented to implicate a microtubule-associated protein in this putative microtubule-based signal transduction event.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Marcus
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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Silverman GL, Qin K, Moore RC, Yang Y, Mastrangelo P, Tremblay P, Prusiner SB, Cohen FE, Westaway D. Doppel is an N-glycosylated, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein. Expression in testis and ectopic production in the brains of Prnp(0/0) mice predisposed to Purkinje cell loss. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:26834-41. [PMID: 10842180 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m003888200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Prnd gene encodes a homolog of the cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) called doppel (Dpl). Up-regulation of Prnd mRNA in two distinct lines of PrP gene ablated (Prnp(0/0)) mice, designated Rcm0 and Ngsk, is associated with death of Purkinje cells. Using recombinant Dpl expressed in Escherichia coli and mouse neuroblastoma cells we demonstrate that wild type (wt) Dpl, like PrP(C), adopts a predominantly alpha-helical conformation, forms intramolecular disulfide bonds, has two N-linked oligosaccharides, and is presented on the cell surface via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. Dpl protein was detected in testis of wt mice. Using Triton X-114 phase partitioning to enrich for glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins, Dpl was detected in brain samples from Rcm0 Prnp(0/0) mice but was absent in equivalent samples from wt mice and ZrchI Prnp(0/0) mice, indicating that ectopic expression of this protein may cause cerebellar pathology in Rcm0 mice. Biochemical and structural similarities between PrP(C) and Dpl documented here parallel the observation that ataxic Ngsk Prnp(0/0) mice can be rescued by overexpression of wild-type PrP transgenes, and suggest that cell surface PrP(C) can antagonize the toxic effect of Dpl expressed in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Silverman
- Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Molecular Medicine Research Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H2, Canada and
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Abstract
Higher plants possess four distinct microtubule arrays. One of these, the cortical array, is involved in orienting the deposition of cellulose microfibrils. This plant interphase array is also notable because it contains exceptionally dynamic microtubules. Although the primary sequence of plant and animal tubulin is similar (79-87% amino acid identity overall) there are some regions of divergence. Thus, one possible explanation for the high state of polymer assembly and turnover that is observed in plant interphase arrays is that the tubulins have evolved differently and possess a higher intrinsic dynamic character than their animal counterparts. This hypothesis was tested using highly purified plant tubulin assembled in vitro. Using high-resolution DIC video-enhanced microscopy, we quantified the four characteristic parameters of dynamic instability of plant microtubules and compared them with animal microtubules. The elongation velocities between plant and animal microtubules are similar, but plant microtubules undergo catastrophes more frequently, do not exhibit any rescues, and have an average shortening velocity of 195 microm/min (compared with 21 microm/min for animal microtubules). These data support the hypothesis that plant tubulin forms microtubules that are intrinsically more dynamic than those of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Moore
- Department of Biology and Intercollege Program in Plant Physiology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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Abstract
Elongation factor-1alpha (EF-1alpha), a highly conserved protein named for its role in protein translation, is also a microtubule-associated protein (MAP). We used high-resolution differential interference contrast microscopy to quantify the effect of substoichiometric amounts of EF-1alpha (isolated from Daucus carota) on the dynamic instability of microtubules assembled in vitro from either animal or plant tubulin. EF-1alpha modulates the dynamic behavior of microtubules assembled from either tubulin source, resulting in longer and more persistent microtubules. EF-1alpha, at a 1:20 molar ratio to tubulin, significantly (P < 0.05) reduces the frequency of catastrophe threefold and decreases shortening velocities almost twofold for microtubules assembled from animal tubulin. For microtubules assembled from plant tubulin, substoichiometric amounts of EF-1alpha significantly (P < 0.05) suppress the frequency of catastrophe greater than twofold and causes an almost threefold reduction in shortening velocities. Elongation velocities increase almost twofold and rescues, which are not observed in the absence of EF-1alpha, occur. In addition, calcium/calmodulin (Ca2+/CaM), which regulates the ability of EF-1alpha to bundle taxol-stabilized microtubules in vitro, also modulates the effect of EF-1alpha on the dynamic behavior of microtubules assembled in vitro from animal tubulin. Microtubule severing in the presence of EF-1alpha was never observed. These data support the hypothesis that EF-1alpha modulates the dynamic behavior of microtubules assembled in vitro in a Ca2+/CaM-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Moore
- Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park 16802, USA
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Abstract
Although the precise definition for a microtubule-associated protein (MAP) has been the subject of debate, elongation factor-1alpha (EF-1alpha) fits the most basic criteria for a MAP [Durso and Cyr, 1994a]. It binds, bundles, stabilizes, and promotes the assembly of microtubules in vitro, and localizes to plant microtubule arrays in situ. In this study, the in vitro and in vivo association of EF-1alpha with microtubules was further investigated. Analysis of the in vitro binding data for EF-1alpha and microtubules indicates that EF-1alpha binds cooperatively to the microtubule lattice. In order to investigate the interaction of EF-1alpha with microtubules in vivo, GFP fusions to EF-1alpha or to EF-1alpha truncates were transiently expressed in living plant cells. Using this method, two putative microtubule-binding domains on EF-1alpha were identified: one in the N-terminal domain I and one in the C-terminal domain III. The binding of domain I to microtubules in vivo, like the binding of full-length EF-1alpha, is conditional, and requires incubation in weak, lipophilic organic acids. The binding of domain III to microtubules in vivo, however, is not conditional, and occurs under normal cellular regimes. Furthermore, domain III stabilizes cortical microtubules as determined by their resistance to the anti-microtubule herbicide, oryzalin. Because the accumulation of EF-1alpha onto microtubules is unconditional in the absence of domain I, we hypothesize that domain I negatively regulates the accumulation of EF-1alpha onto microtubules in vivo. This hypothesis is discussed in terms of possible regulatory mechanisms that could affect the accumulation of EF-1alpha onto microtubules within living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Moore
- Department of Biology and Intercollege Program in Plant Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA
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Moore RC, Lee IY, Silverman GL, Harrison PM, Strome R, Heinrich C, Karunaratne A, Pasternak SH, Chishti MA, Liang Y, Mastrangelo P, Wang K, Smit AF, Katamine S, Carlson GA, Cohen FE, Prusiner SB, Melton DW, Tremblay P, Hood LE, Westaway D. Ataxia in prion protein (PrP)-deficient mice is associated with upregulation of the novel PrP-like protein doppel. J Mol Biol 1999; 292:797-817. [PMID: 10525406 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1999.3108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 416] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The novel locus Prnd is 16 kb downstream of the mouse prion protein (PrP) gene Prnp and encodes a 179 residue PrP-like protein designated doppel (Dpl). Prnd generates major transcripts of 1.7 and 2.7 kb as well as some unusual chimeric transcripts generated by intergenic splicing with Prnp. Like PrP, Dpl mRNA is expressed during embryogenesis but, in contrast to PrP, it is expressed minimally in the CNS. Unexpectedly, Dpl is upregulated in the CNS of two PrP-deficient (Prnp(0/0)) lines of mice, both of which develop late-onset ataxia, suggesting that Dpl may provoke neurodegeneration. Dpl is the first PrP-like protein to be described in mammals, and since Dpl seems to cause neurodegeneration similar to PrP, the linked expression of the Prnp and Prnd genes may play a previously unrecognized role in the pathogenesis of prion diseases or other illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Moore
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Departments of Neurology
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Moore RC, Hope J, McBride PA, McConnell I, Selfridge J, Melton DW, Manson JC. Mice with gene targetted prion protein alterations show that Prnp, Sinc and Prni are congruent. Nat Genet 1998; 18:118-25. [PMID: 9462739 DOI: 10.1038/ng0298-118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Classical genetic analysis has identified Sinc/Prni as the major gene controlling mouse scrapie incubation time. Sinc/Prni is linked to Prnp, the gene encoding the prion protein (PrP). Prnp alleles express distinct PrP protein variants, PrP A and PrP B, which arise from codon 108L/F and 189 T/V dimorphisms. Prnp genotype segregates with incubation time length which suggests, but does not prove, that incubation time is controlled by PrP dimorphisms, and that the Sinc/Prni and Prnp loci are congruent. We have used gene targetting to construct mice in which the endogenous Prnp allele has been modified to express PrP B instead of PrP A. Challenge with a mouse-adapted BSE strain results in dramatically shortened incubation times and demonstrates that PrP dimorphisms at codon 108 and/or 189 control incubation time, and that Sinc/Prni and Prnp are congruent.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Moore
- Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Edinburgh, UK
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Pokrovsky OS, Bronikowski MG, Moore RC, Choppin GR. Interaction of Neptunyl(V) and Uranyl(VI) with EDTA in NaCl Media: Experimental Study and Pitzer Modeling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.1998.80.1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg S. Pokrovsky
- Department of Chemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-3006, USA
| | | | - Robert C. Moore
- Sandia National Laboratory, P.O. Box 5800 MS1341, Albuquerque, NM 87185-1320, USA
| | - Gregory R. Choppin
- Sandia National Laboratory, P.O. Box 5800 MS1341, Albuquerque, NM 87185-1320, USA
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Abstract
Prion diseases are fatal transmissible neurological disorders afflicting a range of mammalian species. Although still controversial, a large body of data suggests that the causative agent may be composed entirely of a small glycoprotein. The brains of infected animals have accumulations of a pathogenic protease-resistant isoform (PrPsc) of a normal host-encoded glycoprotein, PrPc or prion protein. A number of lines of biochemical evidence implicate the disease-specific isoform, PrPsc, as the transmissible agent and genetic analysis has shown tight linkage between PrP gene mutations and polymorphisms and differential susceptibility to prion diseases, Perhaps the strongest evidence for a protein-only model of the agent is that PrP gene-ablated mice are resistant to scrapie and that mice with PrP mutation, corresponding to those found in a human familial prion disease, spontaneously develop a transmissible prion disease. This review describes the critical role that transgenic technology has played in the study of the biology of prion diseases and considers the issues raised by this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Moore
- Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Edinburgh, UK
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Farquhar CF, Dornan J, Moore RC, Somerville RA, Tunstall AM, Hope J. Protease-resistant PrP deposition in brain and non-central nervous system tissues of a murine model of bovine spongiform encephalopathy. J Gen Virol 1996; 77 ( Pt 8):1941-6. [PMID: 8760446 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-77-8-1941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectivity within the central nervous system has been demonstrated by the transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) from affected cattle to inbred laboratory mice. Sedimentable, protease-resistant PrP (PrPSc) has also been extracted from BSE-affected cattle brain. Both infectivity and PrPSc have been reported in the lymphoreticular tissues of sheep and mice clinically and preclinically affected with scrapie. Neither infectivity nor PrPSc has yet been detected in non-neural tissues of naturally occurring, clinical cases of BSE in cattle. We have used a murine model of BSE (301V isolate in VM/Dk mice) to investigate when and where PrPSc accumulates. PrPSc was detected both in brain and in extraneural sites prior to the onset of clinical symptoms. This murine BSE model differs, however, in four important aspects from our previously published findings for murine scrapie models: (a) PrPSc was found relatively late into the incubation period; (b) after intracerebral inoculation, PrPSc was found in brain before it was found in other tissues; (c) no PrPSc was found in most of the spleens from clinically affected animals after intracerebral inoculation; and (d) even after intraperitoneal infection, PrPSc was detected in brain first.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Farquhar
- Institute for Animal Health, BBSRC & MRC Neuropathogenesis Unit, Edinburgh, UK.
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Enomoto K, Furuya K, Moore RC, Yamagishi S, Oka T, Maeno T. Expression cloning and signal transduction pathway of P2U receptor in mammary tumor cells. Biol Signals 1996; 5:9-21. [PMID: 8739319 DOI: 10.1159/000109169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Extracellularly applied ATP, UTP and UDP induce a transient increase in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration of mammary cells via a P2U receptor. The P2U receptor in the mammary tumor cell line MMT060562 was cloned and expressed in the human leukemia cell line K-562. The deduced amino acid sequence of the mammary tumor cell P2U receptor was 98% homologous with that of mouse NG108-15 cells. It was a member of the superfamily of GTP-binding-protein-coupled receptors. ATP and UTP induced the increase in the intracellular concentrations of Ca2+ and inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate in both mammary tumor cells and P2U-receptor-expressed K562 cells. Dose-response curves on the production of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate and Ca2+ by ATP and UTP were consistently similar. Injection of GTP enhanced the ATP-induced outward current and injection of GTP gamma S induced a repetitive outward current. Both pertussis and cholera toxins did not affect ATP-induced calcium increase. It was suggested that the P2U receptor coupled with pertussis- and cholera-toxin-insensitive GTP-binding proteins and activated phosphoinositide turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Enomoto
- Department of Physiology, Shimane Medical University, Izumo, Japan
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Abstract
Reorientation of the cortical microtubule array is an essential component of cellular development in plants. However, mechanistic details of this process are unknown. The cortical microtubule array of freshly isolated protoplasts (obtained from Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 suspension culture) is relatively random, but upon culturing the cell wall regenerates and the microtubules begin to reorganize. Because cortical microtubules are highly dynamic, we postulated that their reorganization is accomplished solely by the depolymerization of disordered microtubules, followed by repolymerization into an ordered array. This hypothesis was tested on freshly isolated protoplasts using drugs that alter the dynamic status of microtubules by either hyperstabilizing the polymer (taxol); or preventing the addition of subunits to the microtubules (amiprophosmethyl; APM). Microtubule arrays that were hyperstabilized with 10 microM taxol not only reordered, but did so more quickly than untreated cells. Moreover, protoplasts treated with taxol and 20 microM APM also showed accelerated reorganization. Control experiments, performed in vivo and in vitro, confirmed that subunit addition was hindered by APM. Thus, microtubules appear capable of reorienting as relatively intact units. Sodium azide (1 mM) and sodium cyanide (1 mM) can prevent reorientation, indicating that cellular energy is required for this event but this energy is not used by the actin-myosin system because the microfilament-disrupting drug cytochalasin D (50 microM) did not affect reorientation. These results indicate that cortical microtubule array reorganization is a complex process that can involve polymer movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Wymer
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA
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