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Karume I, Bbumba S, Tewolde S, Mukasa IZT, Ntale M. Impact of carbonization conditions and adsorbate nature on the performance of activated carbon in water treatment. BMC Chem 2023; 17:162. [PMID: 37993910 PMCID: PMC10666421 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-01091-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The physical and chemical structure of activated carbon (AC) varies with the carbonization temperature, activation process and time. The texture and toughness of the starting raw material also determine the morphology of AC produced. The Brunauer-Emmet-Teller surface area (SBET) is small for AC produced at low temperatures but increases from 500 to 700 °C, and generally drops in activated carbons synthesized > 700 °C. Mild chemical activators and low activator concentrations tend to generate AC with high SBET compared to strong and concentrated oxidizing chemicals, acids and bases. Activated carbon from soft starting materials such as cereals and mushrooms have larger SBET approximately twice that of tough materials such as stem berks, shells and bones. The residual functional groups observed in AC vary widely with the starting material and tend to reduce under extreme carbonization temperatures and the use of highly concentrated chemical activators. Further, the adsorption capacity of AC shows dependency on the size of the adsorbate where large organic molecules such as methylene blue are highly adsorbed compared to relatively small adsorbates such as phenol and metal ions. Adsorption also varies with adsorbate concentration, temperature and other matrix parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Karume
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Simon Bbumba
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Simon Tewolde
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Is'harq Z T Mukasa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kabale University, Kabale, Uganda
| | - Muhammad Ntale
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
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Restiawaty E, Maulana A, Umi Culsum NT, Aslan C, Suendo V, Nishiyama N, Budhi YW. The removal of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol ester and glycidyl ester from refined-bleached and deodorized palm oil using activated carbon. RSC Adv 2021; 11:16500-16509. [PMID: 35479163 PMCID: PMC9032058 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00704a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Palm oil has fulfilled most of the oil needs in the food sector in the world. However, palm oil is indicated to contain small amounts of compounds that are harmful to humans, especially to infants. These toxic contaminants are 3-monochloropropanediol (3-MCPD) esters and glycidyl esters (GE), which are formed during the deodorization of palm oil at high temperatures. This study aims to reduce the 3-MCPD ester concentration in refined, bleached, and deodorized palm oil (RBDPO) through adsorption using activated carbon. The activated carbons were treated with heat and acid-washing using HCl at various concentrations and were characterized. The treatment altered the physicochemical characteristics of the activated carbon (surface area, pore volume, pHPZC, and CEC), resulting in the enhancement of its adsorption characteristics (adsorption capacity). The activated carbon treated with 2 N HCl (AC 2 N) was chosen as the proper adsorbent, due to better surface area, better pore volume, highest CEC value, and better positive charge in RBDPO. The 3-MCPD and GE adsorption capacity of AC 2 N was 1.48 mg g−1 and 29.68 mg g−1, respectively. The adsorption ability of pretreated activated carbon towards 3-MCPD esters was examined in a batch system at various adsorption temperatures. The 3-MCPD ester concentration in RBDPO was successfully reduced by up to 80% at 35 °C using the activated carbon treated with 2 N HCl solution. On the other hand, the activated carbon was able to reduce the other contaminant of GE in RBDPO up to 97% from the initial concentration of GE. The removal of 3-MCPD and GE from RBDPO was done through adsorption using activated carbon. The maximum 3-MCPD and GE removals result in 80% and 97%, respectively.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvi Restiawaty
- Research Group of Chemical Engineering Process Design and Development, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung Jalan Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia .,Department of Bioenergy Engineering and Chemurgy, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung Indonesia
| | - Aulia Maulana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung Indonesia
| | - Neng Tresna Umi Culsum
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung Indonesia
| | - Christian Aslan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung Indonesia
| | - Veinardi Suendo
- Division of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia
| | - Norikazu Nishiyama
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University Japan
| | - Yogi Wibisono Budhi
- Research Group of Chemical Engineering Process Design and Development, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung Jalan Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia .,Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung Indonesia
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Kang C, Huang Y, Yang H, Yan XF, Chen ZP. A Review of Carbon Dots Produced from Biomass Wastes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2316. [PMID: 33238367 PMCID: PMC7700468 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The fluorescent carbon dot is a novel type of carbon nanomaterial. In comparison with semiconductor quantum dots and fluorescence organic agents, it possesses significant advantages such as excellent photostability and biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity and easy surface functionalization, which endow it a wide application prospect in fields of bioimaging, chemical sensing, environmental monitoring, disease diagnosis and photocatalysis as well. Biomass waste is a good choice for the production of carbon dots owing to its abundance, wide availability, eco-friendly nature and a source of low cost renewable raw materials such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, carbohydrates and proteins, etc. This paper reviews the main sources of biomass waste, the feasibility and superiority of adopting biomass waste as a carbon source for the synthesis of carbon dots, the synthetic approaches of carbon dots from biomass waste and their applications. The advantages and deficiencies of carbon dots from biomass waste and the major influencing factors on their photoluminescence characteristics are summarized and discussed. The challenges and perspectives in the synthesis of carbon dots from biomass wastes are also briefly outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Kang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Ying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality Research of Guizhou Province, College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Hui Yang
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, China;
| | - Xiu Fang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality Research of Guizhou Province, College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Zeng Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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Gagic M, Kociova S, Smerkova K, Michalkova H, Setka M, Svec P, Pribyl J, Masilko J, Balkova R, Heger Z, Richtera L, Adam V, Milosavljevic V. One-pot synthesis of natural amine-modified biocompatible carbon quantum dots with antibacterial activity. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 580:30-48. [PMID: 32679365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.06.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the thermal decomposition of citric acid in the presence of biogenic amine was used to synthesize four different functionalized carbon quantum dots (CQDs), namely, histamine-(HCQDs), putrescine-(PCQDs), cadaverine-(CCQDs) and spermine-(SCQDs). The thermal decomposition of the precursors resulted in a decrease in stability and the formation of surface amides via a cross-linking process between the carboxyl and amine groups. The deposition of biogenic amines was confirmed by a structural characterization of the synthesized CQDs. The resulting CQDs, with a net zero charge, exhibited excellent stability in environments with different pH values. Through a set of different cytotoxicity tests, the absence of gene mutations, apoptosis, necrosis or disruption in cell membranes revealed the high biocompatibility of the CQDs. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized CQDs was investigated against different bacterial species (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumonia). We determined the growth kinetics, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell viability and changes in membrane integrity by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for S. aureus ranged from 3.4 to 6.9 µg/mL. Regarding E.coli and K. pneumonia, all CQD formulations reduced growth, and the MICs were determined for CCQDs and HCQDs (6.9-19.4 µg/mL). The antibacterial activity mechanism was attributed to the oxidative stress generated after CQD treatment, which resulted in the destabilization of the bacterial membrane. The bacterial permeability to propidium iodide indicated a change in membrane integrity, and the effect of CQDs on the morphology of the bacterial cells was evidenced by SEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Gagic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Silvia Kociova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Smerkova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61 200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Michalkova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Milena Setka
- Central European Institute of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61 200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Svec
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pribyl
- CEITEC MU, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A35, 62 500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Masilko
- Brno University of Technology, Institute of Materials Chemistry, Purkyňova 464/118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Balkova
- Brno University of Technology, Institute of Materials Chemistry, Purkyňova 464/118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61 200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Richtera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61 200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61 200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vedran Milosavljevic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61 200 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Reza MS, Yun CS, Afroze S, Radenahmad N, Bakar MSA, Saidur R, Taweekun J, Azad AK. Preparation of activated carbon from biomass and its’ applications in water and gas purification, a review. ARAB JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/25765299.2020.1766799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Md Sumon Reza
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, JalanTungku Link, Gadong, BE, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Cheong Sing Yun
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, JalanTungku Link, Gadong, BE, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Shammya Afroze
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, JalanTungku Link, Gadong, BE, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Nikdalila Radenahmad
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, JalanTungku Link, Gadong, BE, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Muhammad S. Abu Bakar
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, JalanTungku Link, Gadong, BE, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Rahman Saidur
- Research Center for Nano-Materials and Energy Technology (RCNMET), School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Selangor, Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Juntakan Taweekun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkla, Thailand
| | - Abul K. Azad
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, JalanTungku Link, Gadong, BE, Brunei Darussalam
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Mukwevho N, Gusain R, Fosso-Kankeu E, Kumar N, Waanders F, Ray SS. Removal of naphthalene from simulated wastewater through adsorption-photodegradation by ZnO/Ag/GO nanocomposite. J IND ENG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Issa MA, Abidin ZZ, Pudza MY, Zentou H. Efficient removal of Cu(ii) from aqueous systems using enhanced quantum yield nitrogen-doped carbon nanodots. RSC Adv 2020; 10:14979-14990. [PMID: 35497143 PMCID: PMC9052113 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02276d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Low value waste resources have been converted into value-added luminescence carbon dots for copper adsorption from contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abdullah Issa
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- 43400 UPM Serdang
- Malaysia
| | - Zurina Z. Abidin
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- 43400 UPM Serdang
- Malaysia
| | - Musa Y. Pudza
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- 43400 UPM Serdang
- Malaysia
| | - Hamid Zentou
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- 43400 UPM Serdang
- Malaysia
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Khamkeaw A, Jongsomjit B, Robison J, Phisalaphong M. Activated carbon from bacterial cellulose as an effective adsorbent for removing dye from aqueous solution. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2018.1541906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arnon Khamkeaw
- Biochemical Engineering Research Unit, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bunjerd Jongsomjit
- Center of Excellence on Catalysis and Catalytic Reaction Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jonah Robison
- Biochemical Engineering Research Unit, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Muenduen Phisalaphong
- Biochemical Engineering Research Unit, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
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