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Merino-Soto C, Livia-Segovia J, Aguirre-Morales M, Toledano-Toledano F. Validity evidence for the coping strategy indicator-short version (CSI-S) among psychology students. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5441. [PMID: 38443528 PMCID: PMC10914775 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55659-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The abbreviated measurement of coping strategies is useful for monitoring and identifying the effects of stress. The Coping strategy indicator-Short version (CSI-S, including the dimensions of seeking support, problem solving and avoidance strategies) is a new adaptation of the full version of this indicator, and additional evidence of its validity is needed. Psychology students (n = 125) from a public university in Lima, Peru, were recruited to help provide such evidence of validity in terms of internal structure, reliability and associations with other variables (perceived stress and general efficacy in cope with difficulties), which were evaluated using nonparametric item response theory procedures. Support-seeking and problem-solving items from the Mokken scale and the avoidance scale exhibited limitations. The correlations between the scales were moderate or low and exhibited theoretical consistency, and the relationship with perceived stress highlighted the predictive capacity of avoidance and problem-solving strategies. In general, the CSI-S exhibits suitable psychometric properties; however, the avoidance score requires further examination or reconstruction of its items.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Merino-Soto
- Instituto de Investigación en Psicología, Universidad de San Martin de Porres, Surquillo, Peru
| | | | | | - Filiberto Toledano-Toledano
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Basada en Evidencias, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Instituto Nacional de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico.
- Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria en Salud, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City, Mexico.
- Dirección de Investigación y Diseminación del Conocimiento, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias e Innovación para la Formación de Comunidad Científica, INDEHUS, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Karvay YG, Helion C, Vafiadis A, Smith DV, Jarcho JM. Stress, trauma, and perception of eating behavior changes during the first weeks of the COVID-19 outbreak. Int J Eat Disord 2023; 56:169-181. [PMID: 36453227 PMCID: PMC9878268 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the largest collective stressors in recent history. Consistent with prior research, this stress has led to impactful eating behavior change. While prior life traumas also impact eating behavior, it is unclear whether the current stress experienced during COVID-19, and prior life traumas (overall, socially relevant, and nonsocially relevant), interact to influence eating behavior changes. Moreover, it is unclear whether current stress and prior traumas impact how eating behavior changes are perceived (i.e., in magnitude, valence, or both) by the individuals experiencing the changes. Therefore, this study sought to examine both the relationship between current stress and perception of eating behavior changes, as well as the moderating impact of prior life traumas on this relationship. METHODS Between March and April 2020, participants completed a subjective, self-report online assessment of current stress, prior life traumas, pandemic-related changes in eating behaviors, and the perceived impact of eating behavior changes. RESULTS Higher current stress was associated with larger, more negative perceptions of eating behavior changes. This relationship was moderated by prior life traumas. Specifically, the association between current stress and perceived negative impact of eating behavior change was potentiated among those with more prior socially relevant (but not nonsocially relevant) traumas. DISCUSSION These results suggest eating behavior changes occurred early in the pandemic and were uniquely impacted by the cumulative effect of present stress and socially relevant prior life traumas. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE Changes in eating behaviors and pathology have been prevalent during COVID-19. We examined how stress and prior life traumas interacted during the first weeks of COVID-19 to influence perceptions of eating behavior change. As altered perception of eating behaviors is a notable feature of eating pathology, these results will help inform development of intervention targets for those at risk for developing disordered eating during future- and post-pandemic recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chelsea Helion
- Department of Psychology and NeuroscienceTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Athena Vafiadis
- Department of Psychology and NeuroscienceTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA,School of EducationDuquesne UniversityPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - David V. Smith
- Department of Psychology and NeuroscienceTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Johanna M. Jarcho
- Department of Psychology and NeuroscienceTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
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van der Meer L, Barsties LS, Daalderop LA, Waelput AJM, Steegers EAP, Bertens LCM. Social determinants of vulnerability in the population of reproductive age: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1252. [PMID: 35751043 PMCID: PMC9233331 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13651-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The health of an (unborn) child is largely determined by the health and social determinants of its parents. The extent to which social determinants of parents or prospective parents affect their own health depends partly on their coping or resilience abilities. Inadequate abilities allow negative effects of unfavourable social determinants to prevail, rendering them vulnerable to adverse health outcomes. Addressing these determinants in the reproductive-aged population is therefore a key approach in improving the health of the future generation. This systematic review aims to synthesise evidence on social determinants of vulnerability, i.e., inadequate coping or low resilience, in the general population of reproductive age. Methods The databases EMBASE, Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, were systematically searched from database inception to December 2th 2021. Observational studies examining social determinants and demographics in relation to vulnerability among the general population of reproductive age (men and women aged 18-40 years), conducted in a high-income country in Europe or North America, Australia or New Zealand were eligible for inclusion. Relevant data was extracted from each included article and findings were presented in a narrative and tabulated manner. Results We identified 40,028 unique articles, of which 78 were full text reviewed. Twenty-five studies were included, of which 21 had a cross-sectional study design (84%). Coping was the most frequently assessed outcome measure (n = 17, 68%). Thirty social determinants were identified. Overall, a younger age, lower socioeconomic attainment, lack of connection with the social environment, and adverse life events were associated with inadequate coping or low resilience. Conclusions This review shows that certain social determinants are associated with vulnerability in reproductive-aged individuals. Knowing which factors make people more or less vulnerable carries health-related implications. More high-quality research is needed to obtain substantial evidence on the strength of the effect of these social conditions in this stage of life. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13651-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey van der Meer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands.
| | - Lisa S Barsties
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands.,DRIFT - Dutch Research Institute for Transitions, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leonie A Daalderop
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands.,DRIFT - Dutch Research Institute for Transitions, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adja J M Waelput
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Eric A P Steegers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Loes C M Bertens
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
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Cox M, Skjolsvik V, Rathfon B, Buckner E. Moral Injury in Veterans: Application of the Roy Adaptation Model to Improve Coping. ANS Adv Nurs Sci 2021; 44:224-237. [PMID: 34397479 DOI: 10.1097/ans.0000000000000348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this article is to provide validation, application, and understanding of the concept of moral injury and build provider awareness to reduce veteran self-harm. Two focus groups were conducted: one to identify characteristics of moral injury and the other to refine the concepts and generate clinical approaches that address maladaptive coping strategies. The focus group sessions verified moral injury's existence, and focus group consensus centered on loss of role identity and shattering of the veteran's core integrity. The veteran's inability to self-reflect is identified as a significant contributor to the maladaptive thought process, creating internal triggers based on violations of deeply held beliefs. A Supplemental Digital Content video abstract is available at http://links.lww.com/ANS/A33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Cox
- Health Science Department, Grayson College, Denison, Texas (Drs Cox, Skjolsvik, and Rathfon) and Moffett and Sanders School of Nursing, Samford University, Birmingham, Alabama (Dr Buckner)
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Ahuja KK. Scanning the VIRUS: A study of dimensions of stress and coping with COVID-19. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 41:7326-7336. [PMID: 33488039 PMCID: PMC7813430 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01369-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The current research examines the psychosocial stressors that Indians are facing as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, using a self-constructed COVID-19 Stress Scale (CSS). It also assesses the coping strategies being used currently. The sample comprised of 1009 Indians ranging between 17 and 83 years. The items of the CSS were constructed based on a review of existing scales, expert evaluations, and participant interviews. The factor structure of COVID-19 Stress Scale (CSS) was examined through the use of an exploratory factor analysis. Several psychometric tests were conducted to ascertain its reliability and validity properties. Results suggest a five-factor structure: Vexation with Others, Immediate Concerns, Routine Disruption, Uncertainty about the Future, and Systemic stressors (abbreviated as VIRUS) explaining 55.269% of the total variance in COVID-19 stress. Coefficient alphas for the entire scale (0.90) and for each of the five factors, ranging from 0.69–0.85, indicate satisfactory internal consistency. One-way analysis of variance was done to assess the differences among emotion-focused, problem-solving, and seeking social support coping strategy. Correlations were calculated between various coping strategies and COVID-19 Stress. Results suggested that seeking social support was the most used coping strategy. No significant correlation was found between the use of any coping strategy and COVID-19 stress. The proposed VIRUS model adequately captures the stressful experience of COVID-19. COVID-19 Stress Scale (CSS), a 21-item scale has robust psychometric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika K Ahuja
- Department of Psychology, Lady Shri Ram College for Women, University of Delhi, Lajpat Nagar-IV, New Delhi, 110024 India
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Abstract
Background and Objectives: The incidence of novel coronavirus infection across the globe has been uneven, hitting some population subgroups harder than others. Media coverage has proffered explanations for this differential vulnerability, but psychosocial risk factors have been largely ignored. In contrast, multiple theories, medical and psychological, point to one psychosocial factor - stress - as important to the etiology of disease. They also agree that pathogenic stress arises from the particular circumstance in which adaptational demands overwhelm a person's resources, creating "stress overload" that deregulates normal functioning and increases susceptibility to illness. Assessment of stress overload is proposed as essential to understanding viral spread in the current pandemic.Methods: Studies are reviewed explicating (1) stress overload theories and relevant empirical evidence, (2) construction of a stress overload measure and related validity evidence.Results: Findings support the role of stress overload in illness and the accuracy of the measure in predicting illness.Conclusion: It is concluded that assessment of stress overload may help to explain the observed coronavirus disparities, and to identify populations at risk for imminent infection. The 10-item Stress Overload Scale-Short is offered as a potentially useful tool for researchers and clinicians working to map, and stem, the proliferation of coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H Amirkhan
- Psychology Department, California State University, Long Beach, CA, USA
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Chesmore AA, Weiler LM, Taussig HN. Mentoring Relationship Quality and Maltreated Children's Coping. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 60:229-241. [PMID: 28792079 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Coping strategies are believed to protect against the harmful effects of maltreatment on children's psychosocial outcomes. Caregivers are thought to be critical in helping children develop adaptive coping strategies, yet many maltreated children have poor and/or insecure relationships with their parents. A quality relationship with a caring, non-parental adult (e.g., a mentor), however, may be one strategy to promote healthy coping among maltreated children. Children (N = 154) in this study participated in a mentoring and skill-based program for maltreated preadolescents placed in foster care. Hierarchical regression was used to assess the association between children's reports of their relationship with their mentor at the end of the intervention and four coping strategies (i.e., Active, Support-seeking, Avoidance, and Distraction) 6 months following the intervention, while accounting for baseline coping strategies and other demographic factors. Above and beyond the covariates, better mentoring relationship quality was associated with children's greater use of Active and Distraction coping 6-month post-intervention. Mentoring relationship quality was not significantly associated with children's Avoidance or Support-seeking coping. The findings suggest that mentoring programs may be a fruitful approach to improving vulnerable children's coping skills. Healthy coping is hypothesized to protect against the harmful effects of maltreatment and to promote resilience in the face of multiple stressors (Banyard & Williams, ; Boxer & Sloan-Power, 2013; Cicchetti & Rogosch, 2009). It remains unclear, however, how best to promote positive coping among maltreated children, who are disproportionately exposed to numerous adverse childhood experiences (Raviv, Taussig, Culhane & Garrido, 2010). Theories of coping emphasize the importance of coping socialization through quality parent-child relationships (Kliewer et al., 2006; Skinner & Wellborn, ). Unfortunately, many maltreated children are exposed to poor quality and/or inadequate caregiving (Baer & Martinez, 2006), which may place them at risk for engaging in unhealthy or inappropriate forms of coping. It is reasonable to expect that positive relationships with other non-parental adults (e.g., mentors) would affect coping behaviors given the positive impact that quality relationships have on a myriad of emotional and behavioral child outcomes (DuBois, Portillo, Rhodes, Silverthorn & Valentine, 2011; Keller & Pryce, 2012; Thomson & Zand, ). Because children in foster care often transition in and out of schools and home environments, a quality relationship with a mentor (a consistent presence in the child's life) may be well suited to promote healthy coping strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A Chesmore
- Department of Family Social Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Lindsey M Weiler
- Department of Family Social Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Heather N Taussig
- Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
- Kempe Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Child Abuse and Neglect, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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