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Jabbie L, Walshe C, Ahmed F. The views and perceptions of training in physical health care amongst mental health nurses, managers of mental health nurses and trainers: A systematically constructed narrative synthesis. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2024; 33:309-323. [PMID: 37957829 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
People with serious mental illness have higher morbidity and mortality rates compared with the general population. Mental health nurses are in an optimal position to address physical healthcare needs and inequalities experienced by this group. Research evidence suggests that mental health nurses may lack appropriate skills and confidence. The training needs of mental health nurses in physical health care of patients with serious mental illness and the perceived effectiveness of training that is provided to mental health nurses are explored in this review. A narrative synthesis approach (PROSPERO protocol registration ID=CRD42021230923) involved searching five electronic databases (PsycInfo, Cinahl, Embase, Medline and Web of Science) from 1990 to 2021. Study quality was assessed, and analysis and synthesis were initially deductively guided by a theoretical framework of training effectiveness prior to inductive data analysis. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. For studies examining perceived effectiveness of training, four themes were derived from the theoretical framework (individual trainee characteristics, work environment, learning outcomes, transfer of training to job) and further theme (service user factor) generated inductively. For studies examining training needs, three themes were derived inductively (knowledge and skills requirements, modality of training, service and healthcare factors). The study highlights the need for ongoing learning to improve practice. It also provides another perspective in terms of understanding the influence of service user factors (motivation and mental state) in designing and implementing of future training in mental health settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamin Jabbie
- Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicines, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Catherine Walshe
- Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicines, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Faraz Ahmed
- Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicines, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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Painter JM, Bond C. What are nurse practice assessors' priorities when assessing student mental health nurses? A qualitative content analysis. Nurse Educ Pract 2023; 72:103776. [PMID: 37690422 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND UK healthcare policy has observed over a decade of changes that has focussed on healthcare staffs' professional values as a marker for safe, high-quality care In 2018 the regulatory body for nursing and midwifery introduced several new proficiencies, with an emphasis on physical health assessment. However, a global debate has since surfaced regarding the generification of nurse education, which has been thought to have eroded field specific skills in mental health nursing. AIM To explore the priorities of practice assessors, articulated within the open comments written within online practice assessment documents. METHODS A qualitative study was conducted, with data collected from comments made within online practice assessment documents relating to the ongoing assessment of student mental health nurses at one UK University. 26 individual sets of assessor comments were collected. An inductive content analysis was used to explore the nature of qualitative feedback provided to student mental health nurses, generated by mental health practice assessors. The COREQ checklist was used for the reporting of the study. RESULTS Findings demonstrated that practice assessors were prioritising two core areas or broad-based skills categories: 'transactional' and 'transformational' competencies. Transactional competencies related to the practical application of specific tasks. Transformational competencies were commented on more frequently and placed emphasis on the students' personal attributes and characteristics, and how these contribute to 'good' mental health nursing practice. CONCLUSION Mental health nurses prioritise assessing student nurses in relation to their personal attributes, work ethic, and values that are congruent with humanist perceptions of mental health nursing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Painter
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Wellbeing & Life Sciences, Sheffield Hallam University, Collegiate Crescent, Sheffield, UK; Rotherham, Doncaster and South Humber NHS Trust, UK
| | - Carmel Bond
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Wellbeing & Life Sciences, Sheffield Hallam University, Collegiate Crescent, Sheffield, UK.
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3
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Wazni L, Gifford W, Perron A, Vandyk A. Understanding the Physical Health Problems of People with Psychotic Disorders Using Digital Storytelling. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2023; 44:690-701. [PMID: 37549316 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2023.2229435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
People with psychotic disorders struggle to be heard and express concerns beyond their mental health, especially concerns related to the side effects of treatment. Using digital storytelling, this study aimed to uncover and expose the underlying systems that oppress people with psychotic disorders from meeting their physical health needs. The stories revealed two themes: body as a contested site and biological entity with society, and (in)visible patient and paternalism. Spivak's theory of subalternity provided the theoretical basis for a critical analysis and discussion of the experiences. More research is required to highlight the power relations and structures that lead to health disparity in psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liquaa Wazni
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wendy Gifford
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amélie Perron
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda Vandyk
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Tzeng WC, Su PY, Yeh SH, Chang TW, Lin CH, Feng HP. Nurses' views on the provision of physical healthcare for individuals with comorbid mental illness and chronic disease. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2023; 32:199-211. [PMID: 36184847 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of chronic diseases (such as diabetes, obesity, cancer, heart disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) continues to increase among patients with mental illness. This cross-sectional study investigated the factors affecting nurses' views on the provision of physical healthcare to patients with comorbid mental illness and chronic disease. In total, 369 nurses working in mental health were assessed for the physical healthcare attitudes and practices using the Physical Health Attitude Scale for Mental Health Nurses. The results of generalized linear modelling indicated that nurses' involvement in physical healthcare was associated with psychiatric mental health nurse credentials (B = 1.560, 95% CI = 0.292-2.828, P = 0.016) and their confidence in delivering physical healthcare was associated with prior physical healthcare training (B = 0.639, 95% CI = 0.104-1.174, P = 0.019). In addition, the frequency with which the nurses engaged in physical healthcare practices was associated with working in a community unit (B = -7.416, 95% CI = -9.652 to -5.180, P < 0.001), involvement in physical healthcare (B = 0.349, 95% CI = 0.162-0.535, P < 0.001), and confidence in delivering physical healthcare (B = 1.148, 95% CI = 0.776-1.519, P < 0.001). Our findings suggest that interventions aiming to help nurses assess and improve their own physical healthcare practices should consider nurses' background and patients' physical health needs in various settings and focus on cultivating an organizational culture that gives nurses confidence in providing physical healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chii Tzeng
- School of Nursing, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Yu Su
- Department of Nursing, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hua Yeh
- Department of Nursing, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Wei Chang
- Department of Nursing, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital Zuoying Branch, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Huei Lin
- School of Nursing, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Pei Feng
- School of Nursing, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
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Sahin-Bayindir G, Buzlu S. The effect of two simulations on students' knowledge and skills regarding physical health problems of psychiatric patients: A mixed-method study. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2022; 119:105537. [PMID: 36155209 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2022.105537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Simulation-based training can help nursing students improve their mental and physical healthcare knowledge and skills. OBJECTIVES This study focused on two different simulation modalities and investigated whether they helped nursing students acquire knowledge and develop skills necessary to address the physical health problems of people with mental disorders. DESIGN This is a mixed-method study. SETTINGS This study was conducted in Turkey. PARTICIPANTS The sample consisted of 61 students divided into two experimental groups and one control group. METHODS One experimental group participated in a clinical simulation scenario involving a standardized patient modality, while the other participated in a hybrid simulation modality (standardized patient and high-fidelity model simulator). The control group participated in conventional training. The researchers evaluate the effect of the modalities and conventional training on clinical practice one month after the interventions. Focus group interviews were conducted with all participants one month after the evaluation. Knowledge test was administered to all participants before the intervention, after the intervention, at the third and sixth months after the intervention. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The clinical simulation was statistically effective for students' skill development about physical health problems of psychiatric patients. Also, in the qualitative findings, the clinical simulation increased the knowledge level of the students and improved their physical health assessment skills. Standardized patient simulation and hybrid simulation modalities should be used to help nursing students develop their assessment skills regarding the physical health problems of psychiatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Sahin-Bayindir
- Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa, Institute of Graduate Studies, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, Baglarici St., Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sevim Buzlu
- Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, Sisli, Istanbul, Turkey
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Porter C, Aggar C. A practical toolkit to support Australian mental health clinicians to manage Metabolic Syndrome: A pilot study. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2021; 30 Suppl 1:1417-1425. [PMID: 34117825 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) results in poor physical health outcomes and reduced life expectancy of up to 20 years less for people living with severe mental illness. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate a locally developed practical toolkit (Let's Get Physical-Improved Physical Health in Mental Health Services-A Practical Toolkit) to support mental health clinicians to manage MetS. The study explored clinician's knowledge and attitudes towards managing MetS, confidence to screen for and intervene in MetS, and improvement in documentation. A longitudinal prospective study, utilizing audit and pre-post-questionnaire design, was conducted. Of the 60 clinicians who were employed in the regional inpatient unit, 65% (n = 39) participated in at least one of the intervention education sessions. The final sample comprised 17 clinicians with matched pre- and post-intervention data (28% of eligible participants). A total of 80 (20 per month) eMR metabolic monitoring form and patient file audits were conducted. Whilst the results were not statistically significant, this study found an overall improvement in clinicians' knowledge of, and confidence to screen for and intervene in, MetS. Attitude scores were overall positive. There was also overall improvement in MetS documentation. The implementation of the practical evidence-informed physical health in mental health services toolkit may have a positive impact on clinician knowledge, attitudes, and confidence in screening and intervening in MetS. Replicating this study with a larger sample is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Porter
- Mental Health Services, Northern NSW Local Health District, Tweed Heads, NSW, Australia
| | - Christina Aggar
- School of Health & Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia.,Nursing and Midwifery Directorate, Northern NSW Local Health District, Lismore, NSW, Australia
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Møller JE, Møller A, Ledderer L. Dilemmas in delivering health promotion activities: findings from a qualitative study of mental health nurses in Denmark. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e036403. [PMID: 33361070 PMCID: PMC7768968 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies have shown that people with mental illnesses have higher mortality and morbidity rates due to long-term conditions and lifestyle diseases. This knowledge has led to health promotion initiatives in mental health care to improve the physical health of people with mental illness. This article explores how mental health nurses experience working with health promotion activities in mental healthcare practices. DESIGN We adopted a qualitative research design using an interactive approach. Qualitative content analysis was used to develop the analytical framework. PARTICIPANTS Focus groups (n=7; n=5) were conducted with two groups of mental health nurses who attended health specialist training sessions in Denmark in the spring and fall of 2018. RESULTS The findings showed that working with health promotion activities in mental health care created two dilemmas for the mental health nurses: (1) dilemmas related to health promotion that involved discrepancies between the health promotion activities that were offered and patients' autonomy and wishes, and (2) system-related dilemmas stemming from working with screening for risk factors and documentation programmes. The mental health nurses developed different strategies to navigate these dilemmas, such as devising interview techniques for the screening questions and bending guidelines. CONCLUSIONS Mental health nurses found it challenging to implement health promotion activities in mental health care, although they generally found these activities meaningful. The findings show that new health promotion activities need to be adapted to nurses' existing mental healthcare practices; however, this may require some adaptation of existing nursing practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Ege Møller
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Health Promotion and Health Services, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Loni Ledderer
- Department of Public Health, Section of Health Promotion and Health Services, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Watkins A, Stein-Parbury J, Denney-Wilson E, Ward PB, Rosenbaum S. Upskilling Mental Health Nurses to Address the Burden of Poor Metabolic Health: A Mixed Method Evaluation. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2020; 41:925-931. [PMID: 32552212 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2020.1744204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
People living with a severe mental illness experience a life expectancy gap compared to the rest of the population that is largely driven by preventable cardiovascular diseases stemming from lifestyle factors, and the side effects of psychotropic medications. Mental health nurses are well positioned to help address the gap using lifestyle interventions. However, many nurses don't prioritise delivering such care, or lack the skills and confidence to implement these strategies. This study used a mixed method approach to determine the effectiveness of 2-day metabolic workshops that aimed to provide nurses with the skills to provide lifestyle interventions. The quantitative component compares pre and post measures of attitudes, confidence, knowledge and perceived barriers of providing metabolic care using a validated tool (M-BACK) and the qualitative component to elicit more details of the needs, expectations and plans of participants. Fifty-six nurse participants demonstrated statistically significant improvements in M-BACK post scores (p < 0.001), with 53 of the 56 participants (95%) achieving improved M-BACK scores. Participants identified three primary barriers to delivering metabolic care, related to individual staff members, consumers, and system issues. Prior to the course participants stated they hoped to improve their knowledge, enhance their practical skills and provide education for others. Following completion of the course participants planned to implement lifestyle education and interventions for consumers, provide education and support to other staff and integrate metabolic health care into clinical reviews and planning. This study demonstrates that education on metabolic health care can be effective in improving the attitudes, confidence, and knowledge of mental health nursing in providing metabolic health care and a decrease in the perceived barriers to delivering that care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Watkins
- Sunshine Coast Mind and Neuroscience - Thompson Institute, University of Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jane Stein-Parbury
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Philip B Ward
- School of Psychiatry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Liverpool Hospital, Schizophrenia Research Unit, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Simon Rosenbaum
- School of Psychiatry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Graham JM, Waddell C, Pachkowski K, Friesen H. Educating the Educators: Determining the Uniqueness of Psychiatric Nursing Practice to Inform Psychiatric Nurse Education. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2020; 41:395-403. [PMID: 32202963 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2019.1678081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A study regarding the role and uniqueness of psychiatric nursing was conducted with 94 participants from Manitoba, Canada. The primary theme of comprehensive knowledge of mental health, mental illness, and addictions was foundational for the application of the sub-themes of therapeutic relationship, holistic approach, recovery orientation, stigma reduction, and advocacy for change. Values, beliefs, and attitudes towards people with mental illness and addictions need to be instilled in psychiatric nursing students throughout their educational program to provide high quality, compassionate, and safe care. Implications for incorporation of the theme and sub-themes into psychiatric nursing curriculum are described in the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Marie Graham
- Faculty of Health Studies, Department of Nursing, Brandon University, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Candice Waddell
- Faculty of Health Studies, Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Brandon University, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Katherine Pachkowski
- Faculty of Health Studies, Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Brandon University, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Heather Friesen
- Institutional Research & Effectiveness, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Lundström S, Jormfeldt H, Hedman Ahlström B, Skärsäter I. Mental health nurses' experience of physical health care and health promotion initiatives for people with severe mental illness. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2020; 29:244-253. [PMID: 31663262 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Health care for people with severe mental illness is often divided into physical health care and mental health care despite the importance of a holistic approach to caring for the whole person. Mental health nurses have an important role not only in preventing ill health, but also in promoting health, to improve the overall health among people with severe mental illness and to develop a more person-centred, integrated physical and mental health care. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe mental health nurses' experiences of facilitating aspects that promote physical health and support a healthy lifestyle for people with severe mental illness. Interviews were conducted with mental health nurses (n = 15), and a qualitative content analysis was used to capture the nurse's experiences. Analysis of the interviews generated three categories: (i) to have a health promotion focus in every encounter, (ii) to support with each person's unique prerequisites in mind and (iii) to take responsibility for health promotion in every level of the organization. The results show the importance of a health promotion focus that permeates the entire organization of mental health care. Shared responsibility for health and health promotion activities should exist at all levels: in the person-centred care in the relation with the patient, embedded in a joint vision within the working unit, and in decisions at management level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Lundström
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | | | | | - Ingela Skärsäter
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
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Blomqvist M, Ivarsson A, Carlsson IM, Sandgren A, Jormfeldt H. Health Effects of an Individualized Lifestyle Intervention for People with Psychotic Disorders in Psychiatric Outpatient Services: A Two Year Follow-up. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2019; 40:839-850. [PMID: 31393742 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2019.1642425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
People with psychotic disorders experience to a great extent avoidable physical illnesses and early mortality. The aim of the study was to investigate the potential effects for this group of participating in a lifestyle intervention. A multi-component nurse-led lifestyle intervention using quasi-experimental design was performed. Changes in biomedical and clinical measurements, self-reported health, symptoms of illness and health behavior were investigated. Multilevel modeling was used to statistically test differences in changes over time. Statistically significant changes were found in physical activity, HbA1c and waist circumference. A lifestyle intervention for people with severe mental illness can be beneficial for increasing physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjut Blomqvist
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University , Halmstad , Sweden
| | - Andreas Ivarsson
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University , Halmstad , Sweden
| | | | - Anna Sandgren
- Center for Collaborative Palliative Care, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Linnaeus University , Växjö , Sweden
| | - Henrika Jormfeldt
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University , Halmstad , Sweden
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Siren A, Cleverley K, Strudwick G, Brennenstuhl S. Modification and Initial Psychometric Evaluation of the Physical Health Attitude Scale for Use in the Canadian Mental Health and Addictions Context. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2018; 39:946-953. [PMID: 30111207 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2018.1475523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Physical Health Attitude Scale (PHASe) tool was developed to better understand mental health nurses' attitudes towards their involvement and confidence in physical health care. This tool has been used in the United Kingdom and Australia; however, it has not been used in Canada. AIM This study aims to modify and provide an initial psychometric evaluation of the PHASe tool for use in a Canadian mental health and addictions context. METHODS In Phase 1, clinical experts (n = 8) were consulted to provide feedback on the content and face validity of the PHASe tool. In Phase 2, the PHASe tool was piloted with nurses at a large urban mental health and addiction organization in Ontario, Canada (n = 77). RESULTS In Phase 1, 4 items were added and 5 items were removed from the tool based on feedback provided by experts. In Phase 2, 12 poorly correlated items were removed. A two-factor solution was identified, with subscales "confidence" and "barriers and attitudes". DISCUSSION Initial psychometric evaluation suggests that a revised 15-item version of the PHASe tool is valid and reliable in a Canadian mental health and addictions context; however, more testing is recommended in larger, more diverse samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Siren
- a Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Kristin Cleverley
- a Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.,b Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Gillian Strudwick
- a Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Sarah Brennenstuhl
- b Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
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Third-Party Assessment and Targeted Continuing Education for Maintenance of Certification. JOURNAL OF NURSING REGULATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s2155-8256(18)30153-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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