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Anoushirvani AA, Jafarian Yazdi A, Amirabadi S, Asouri SA, Shafabakhsh R, Sheida A, Hosseini Khabr MS, Jafari A, Tamehri Zadeh SS, Hamblin MR, Kalantari L, Talaei Zavareh SA, Mirzaei H. Role of non-coding RNAs in neuroblastoma. Cancer Gene Ther 2023; 30:1190-1208. [PMID: 37217790 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00623-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is known as the most prevalent extracranial malignancy in childhood with a neural crest origin. It has been widely accepted that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play important roles in many types of cancer, including glioma and gastrointestinal cancers. They may regulate the cancer gene network. According to recent sequencing and profiling studies, ncRNAs genes are deregulated in human cancers via deletion, amplification, abnormal epigenetic, or transcriptional regulation. Disturbances in the expression of ncRNAs may act either as oncogenes or as anti-tumor suppressor genes, and can lead to the induction of cancer hallmarks. ncRNAs can be secreted from tumor cells inside exosomes, where they can be transferred to other cells to affect their function. However, these topics still need more study to clarify their exact roles, so the present review addresses different roles and functions of ncRNAs in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Arash Anoushirvani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Firoozgar Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sanaz Amirabadi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Ahmadi Asouri
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University, Kashan, Iran
| | - Rana Shafabakhsh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sheida
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Maryam Sadat Hosseini Khabr
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ameneh Jafari
- ATMP Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, P.O. BOX: 15179/64311, Tehran, Iran
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Leila Kalantari
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | | | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University, Kashan, Iran.
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Boughanem H, Kompella P, Tinahones FJ, Macias-Gonzalez M. An overview of vitamins as epidrugs for colorectal cancer prevention. Nutr Rev 2023; 81:455-479. [PMID: 36018754 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression altering epigenomic modifications such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and chromosome remodeling is crucial to regulating many biological processes. Several lifestyle factors, such as diet and natural, bioactive food compounds, such as vitamins, modify epigenetic patterns. However, epigenetic dysregulation can increase the risk of many diseases, including cancer. Various studies have provided supporting and contrasting evidence on the relationship between vitamins and cancer risk. Though there is a gap in knowledge about whether dietary vitamins can induce epigenetic modifications in the context of colorectal cancer (CRC), the possibility of using them as epidrugs for CRC treatment is being explored. This is promising because such studies might be informative about the most effective way to use vitamins in combination with DNA methyltransferase inhibitors and other approved therapies to prevent and treat CRC. This review summarizes the available epidemiological and observational studies involving dietary, circulating levels, and supplementation of vitamins and their relationship with CRC risk. Additionally, using available in vitro, in vivo, and human observational studies, the role of vitamins as potential epigenetic modifiers in CRC is discussed. This review is focused on the action of vitamins as modifiers of DNA methylation because aberrant DNA methylation, together with genetic alterations, can induce the initiation and progression of CRC. Although this review presents some studies with promising results, studies with better study designs are necessary. A thorough understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of vitamin-mediated epigenetic regulation of CRC genes can help identify effective therapeutic targets for CRC prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatim Boughanem
- are with the Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,are with the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pallavi Kompella
- are with the Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,is with the Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- are with the Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,are with the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Macias-Gonzalez
- are with the Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,are with the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Mazur A, Frączek P, Tabarkiewicz J. Vitamin D as a Nutri-Epigenetic Factor in Autoimmunity-A Review of Current Research and Reports on Vitamin D Deficiency in Autoimmune Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204286. [PMID: 36296970 PMCID: PMC9611618 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics is a series of alterations regulating gene expression without disrupting the DNA sequence of bases. These regulatory mechanisms can result in embryogenesis, cellular differentiation, X-chromosome inactivation, and DNA-protein interactions. The main epigenetic mechanisms considered to play a major role in both health and disease are DNA methylation, histone modifications, and profiling of non-coding RNA. When the fragile balance between these simultaneously occurring phenomena is disrupted, the risk of pathology increases. Thus, the factors that determine proper epigenetic modeling are defined and those with disruptive influence are sought. Several such factors with proven negative effects have already been described. Diet and nutritional substances have recently been one of the most interesting targets of exploration for epigenetic modeling in disease states, including autoimmunity. The preventive role of proper nutrition and maintaining sufficient vitamin D concentration in maternal blood during pregnancy, as well as in the early years of life, is emphasized. Opportunities are also being investigated for affecting the course of the disease by exploring nutriepigenetics. The authors aim to review the literature presenting vitamin D as one of the important nutrients potentially modeling the course of disease in selected autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Mazur
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Paulina Frączek
- Department of Human Immunology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Jacek Tabarkiewicz
- Department of Human Immunology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical Faculty, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
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4
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Khayami R, Goltzman D, Rabbani SA, Kerachian MA. Epigenomic effects of vitamin D in colorectal cancer. Epigenomics 2022; 14:1213-1228. [PMID: 36325830 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2022-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D regulates a plethora of physiological processes in the human body and has been proposed to exert several anticancer effects. Epigenetics plays an important role in regulating vitamin D actions. In this review, we highlight the recent advances in the understanding of different epigenetic factors such as lncRNAs, miRNAs, methylation and acetylation influenced by vitamin D and its downstream targets in colorectal cancer to find more potential therapeutic targets. We discuss how vitamin D exerts anticancer properties through interactions between the vitamin D receptor and genes (e.g., SLC30A10), the microenvironment, microbiota and other factors in colorectal cancer. Developing therapeutic approaches targeting the vitamin D signaling system will be aided by a better knowledge of the epigenetic impact of vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Khayami
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - David Goltzman
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Shafaat A Rabbani
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Mohammad Amin Kerachian
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, On, H3A 1A4, Canada
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5
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Na SY, Kim KB, Lim YJ, Song HJ. Vitamin D and Colorectal Cancer: Current Perspectives and Future Directions. J Cancer Prev 2022; 27:147-156. [PMID: 36258716 PMCID: PMC9537583 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2022.27.3.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is considered to be the main mediator of the beneficial effects of sun exposure. In humans, highest expression of Vitamin D receptors is found in the intestinal tract. In addition, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (or calcitriol), the most active Vitamin D metabolite, plays important homeostatic roles in the intestine, particularly calcium absorption. Vitamin D deficiency is defined as a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level of < 20 ng/mL. Previous studies show that higher circulating 25(OH)D levels are associated with reduced risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and improved survival. Most research to date has been conducted in animals, specifically mice. Although human studies have a limited number of participants, one study recruiting a large cohort of patients with advanced or metastatic CRC revealed that higher plasma 25(OH)D levels are associated with improved overall and progression-free survival. However, the effects of Vitamin D supplementation on incidence and mortality of CRC remain inconclusive. Although Vitamin D may help to prevent cancer, there is a paucity of research demonstrating conclusively that Vitamin D alters prognosis after chemotherapy. Here, we review the mechanisms by which Vitamin D affects CRC, as well as the results of clinical, epidemiological, and human intervention studies. We also discuss current perspectives and future directions regarding Vitamin D and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Young Na
- Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ki Bae Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Yun Jeong Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea,Correspondence to Yun Jeong Lim, E-mail: , https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3279-332X
| | - Hyun Joo Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju, Korea,Hyun Joo Song, E-mail: , https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2561-555X
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Fu Y, Xie D, Zhu Y, Zhang X, Yue H, Zhu K, Pi Z, Dai Y. Anti-colorectal cancer effects of seaweed-derived bioactive compounds. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:988507. [PMID: 36059851 PMCID: PMC9437318 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.988507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds are classified as Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta, and Phaeophyta. They constitute a number of the most significant repositories of new therapeutic compounds for human use. Seaweed has been proven to possess diverse bioactive properties, which include anticancer properties. The present review focuses on colorectal cancer, which is a primary cause of cancer-related mortality in humans. In addition, it discusses various compounds derived from a series of seaweeds that have been shown to eradicate or slow the progression of cancer. Therapeutic compounds extracted from seaweed have shown activity against colorectal cancer. Furthermore, the mechanisms through which these compounds can induce apoptosis in vitro and in vivo were reviewed. This review emphasizes the potential utility of seaweeds as anticancer agents through the consideration of the capability of compounds present in seaweeds to fight against colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua Fu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Dong Xie
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yinghao Zhu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Machinery, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Yue
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zifeng Pi
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Zifeng Pi
| | - Yulin Dai
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yulin Dai
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Clinical Importance of Wnt5a in the Pathogenesis of Colorectal Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:3136508. [PMID: 34603445 PMCID: PMC8486513 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3136508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Wnt5a is one of the potent signaling molecules that initiates responses involved in cancer through activation of both canonical and noncanonical signaling cascades. Wnt5a both directly and indirectly triggers cancer-associated signaling pathways based on the cancer type. In colorectal cancer (CRC), altering Wnt5a expression can influence several cellular processes of tumor cells, including proliferation, differentiation, migration, invasion, and metastasis. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms and clinical importance of Wnt5a in the pathogenesis of CRC for better understanding the pathogenesis and its potential role as a prognostic marker and as an appropriate therapeutic target in the treatment of this disease in the future.
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Ong LTC, Booth DR, Parnell GP. Vitamin D and its Effects on DNA Methylation in Development, Aging, and Disease. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000437. [PMID: 33079481 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation is increasingly being recognized as a mechanism through which environmental exposures confer disease risk. Several studies have examined the association between vitamin D and changes in DNA methylation in areas as diverse as human and animal development, genomic stability, chronic disease risk, and malignancy. In many cases, they have demonstrated clear associations between vitamin D and DNA methylation in candidate disease pathways. Despite this, a clear understanding of the mechanisms by which these factors interact is unclear. This paper reviews the current understanding of the effects of vitamin D on DNA methylation. In light of current knowledge in the field, the potential mechanisms mediating vitamin D effects on DNA methylation are discussed, as are the limiting factors and future avenues for research into this exciting area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence T C Ong
- Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, 176 Hawkesbury Rd, Westmead, New South Wales, 2145, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Westmead Hospital, Cnr Darcy and Hawkesbury Rds, Westmead, New South Wales, 2145, Australia
| | - David R Booth
- Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, 176 Hawkesbury Rd, Westmead, New South Wales, 2145, Australia
| | - Grant P Parnell
- Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, 176 Hawkesbury Rd, Westmead, New South Wales, 2145, Australia
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Wnt and Vitamin D at the Crossroads in Solid Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113434. [PMID: 33227961 PMCID: PMC7699248 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is aberrantly activated in most colorectal cancers and less frequently in a variety of other solid neoplasias. Many epidemiological and experimental studies and some clinical trials suggest an anticancer action of vitamin D, mainly against colorectal cancer. The aim of this review was to analyze the literature supporting the interference of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by the active vitamin D metabolite 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. We discuss the molecular mechanisms of this antagonism in colorectal cancer and other cancer types. Additionally, we summarize the available data indicating a reciprocal inhibition of vitamin D action by the activated Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Thus, a complex mutual antagonism between Wnt/β-catenin signaling and the vitamin D system seems to be at the root of many solid cancers. Abstract Abnormal activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is common in many types of solid cancers. Likewise, a large proportion of cancer patients have vitamin D deficiency. In line with these observations, Wnt/β-catenin signaling and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), the active vitamin D metabolite, usually have opposite effects on cancer cell proliferation and phenotype. In recent years, an increasing number of studies performed in a variety of cancer types have revealed a complex crosstalk between Wnt/β-catenin signaling and 1,25(OH)2D3. Here we review the mechanisms by which 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling and, conversely, how the activated Wnt/β-catenin pathway may abrogate vitamin D action. The available data suggest that interaction between Wnt/β-catenin signaling and the vitamin D system is at the crossroads in solid cancers and may have therapeutic applications.
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Mahmood N, Arakelian A, Muller WJ, Szyf M, Rabbani SA. An enhanced chemopreventive effect of methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine in combination with 25-hydroxyvitamin D in blocking mammary tumor growth and metastasis. Bone Res 2020; 8:28. [PMID: 32714613 PMCID: PMC7376160 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-020-0103-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic targeting of metastatic breast cancer still remains a challenge as the tumor cells are highly heterogenous and exploit multiple pathways for their growth and metastatic spread that cannot always be targeted by a single-agent monotherapy regimen. Therefore, a rational approach through simultaneous targeting of several pathways may provide a better anti-cancer therapeutic effect. We tested this hypothesis using a combination of two nutraceutical agents S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and Vitamin D (Vit. D) prohormone [25-hydroxyvitamin D; '25(OH)D'] that are individually known to exert distinct changes in the expression of genes involved in tumor growth and metastasis. Our results show that both SAM and 25(OH)D monotherapy significantly reduced proliferation and clonogenic survival of a panel of breast cancer cell lines in vitro and inhibited tumor growth, lung metastasis, and breast tumor cell colonization to the skeleton in vivo. However, these effects were significantly more pronounced in the combination setting. RNA-Sequencing revealed that the transcriptomic footprint on key cancer-related signaling pathways is broader in the combination setting than any of the monotherapies. Furthermore, comparison of the differentially expressed genes from our transcriptome analyses with publicly available cancer-related dataset demonstrated that the combination treatment upregulates genes from immune-related pathways that are otherwise downregulated in bone metastasis in vivo. Since SAM and Vit. D are both approved nutraceuticals with known safety profiles, this combination treatment may serve as a novel strategy to reduce breast cancer-associated morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niaz Mahmood
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A3J1 Canada
| | - Ani Arakelian
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A3J1 Canada
| | - William J. Muller
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3 Canada
| | - Moshe Szyf
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6 Canada
| | - Shafaat A. Rabbani
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A3J1 Canada
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Boughanem H, Cabrera-Mulero A, Hernández-Alonso P, Clemente-Postigo M, Casanueva FF, Tinahones FJ, Morcillo S, Crujeiras AB, Macias-Gonzalez M. Association between variation of circulating 25-OH vitamin D and methylation of secreted frizzled-related protein 2 in colorectal cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:83. [PMID: 32517740 PMCID: PMC7285750 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00875-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Colorectal cancer (CRC) results from the accumulation of epigenetic and genetic changes in colon cells during neoplasic transformation, which the activation of Wingless (Wnt) signaling pathway is a common mechanism for CRC initiation. The Wnt pathway is mainly regulated by Wnt antagonists, as secreted frizzled-related protein (SFRP) family. Indeed, SFRP2 is proposed as a noninvasive biomarker for CRC diagnosis. Vitamin D also antagonizes Wnt signaling in colon cancers cells. Several studies showed that vitamin D was able to alter DNA methylation, although this mechanism is not yet clear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to find an association between circulating 25-OH vitamin D (30th percentile of vitamin D) and the SFRP2 methylation. METHODS A total of 67 CRC patients were included in the study. These patients were subdivided into two groups based on their 30th percentile vitamin D (20 patients were below, and 47 participants were above the 30th percentile of vitamin D). We investigated the SFRP2 methylation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), CRC tumor tissue, and adjacent tumor-free area. We also determined the relationship between SFRP2 methylation and methylation of carcinogenic and adipogenic genes. Finally, we tested the effect of vitamin D on the SFRP2 methylation in human colorectal carcinoma cell lines 116 (HCT116) and studied the association of neoadjuvant therapy under the 30th percentile vitamin D with SFRP2 promoter methylation. RESULTS SFRP2 methylation in tumor area was decreased in patients who had higher levels of vitamin D. SFRP2 promoter methylation was positively correlated in tumor area with insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) but negatively correlated with HDL-c. SFRP2 methylation was also correlated with T cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis 1 (TIAM1) methylation in tumor area and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) in VAT. Treatment with vitamin D did not affect SFRP2 methylation in HCT116 cell line. Finally, neoadjuvant treatment was correlated with higher circulating 25-OH vitamin D and SFRP2 methylation under linear regression model. CONCLUSION Our results showed that higher circulating vitamin D is associated with low SFRP2 promoter methylation. Therefore, our results could suggest that vitamin D may have an epigenetic effect on DNA methylation. Finally, higher vitamin D could contribute to an improvement response to neoadjuvant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatim Boughanem
- Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), Faculty of Science, University of Malaga, 29010, Málaga, Spain
- Deparment of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA) and University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Amanda Cabrera-Mulero
- Deparment of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA) and University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Hernández-Alonso
- Deparment of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA) and University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sant Joan Hospital, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Mercedes Clemente-Postigo
- Deparment of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA) and University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)-Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Felipe F Casanueva
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Epigenomics in Endocrinology and Nutrition Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco José Tinahones
- Deparment of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA) and University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonsoles Morcillo
- Deparment of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA) and University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B Crujeiras
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Epigenomics in Endocrinology and Nutrition Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Manuel Macias-Gonzalez
- Deparment of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA) and University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Lai GR, Lee YF, Yan SJ, Ting HJ. Active vitamin D induces gene-specific hypomethylation in prostate cancer cells developing vitamin D resistance. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C836-C847. [PMID: 32159363 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00522.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of cancer death in men. Despite the antiproliferative effects of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] on PCa, accumulating evidence indicates that 1,25(OH)2D3 promotes cancer progression by increasing genome plasticity. Our investigation of epigenetic changes associated with vitamin D insensitivity found that 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment reduced the expression levels and activities of DNA methyltransferases 1 and 3B (DNMT1 and DNMT3B, respectively). In silico analysis and reporter assay confirmed that 1,25(OH)2D3 downregulated transcriptional activation of the DNMT3B promoter and upregulated microRNAs targeting the 3'-untranslated regions of DNMT3B. We then profiled DNA methylation in the vitamin D-resistant PC-3 cells and a resistant PCa cell model generated by long-term 1,25(OH)2D3 exposure. Several candidate genes were found to be hypomethylated and overexpressed in vitamin D-resistant PCa cells compared with vitamin D-sensitive cells. Most of the identified genes were associated with mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling activation, which is known to promote cancer progression. Among them, we found that inhibition of ribosomal protein S6 kinase A1 (RPS6KA1) promoted vitamin D sensitivity in PC-3 cells. Furthermore, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) prostate cancer data set demonstrated that midline 1 (MID1) expression is positively correlated with tumor stage. Overall, our study reveals an inhibitory mechanism of 1,25(OH)2D3 on DNMT3B, which may contribute to vitamin D resistance in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Rong Lai
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Fen Lee
- Department of Urology, Pathology, and Wilmot Cancer Cancer, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Shian-Jang Yan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Huei-Ju Ting
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Celarain N, Tomas-Roig J. Aberrant DNA methylation profile exacerbates inflammation and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis patients. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:21. [PMID: 31937331 PMCID: PMC6961290 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1667-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system characterised by incoordination, sensory loss, weakness, changes in bladder capacity and bowel function, fatigue and cognitive impairment, creating a significant socioeconomic burden. The pathogenesis of MS involves both genetic susceptibility and exposure to distinct environmental risk factors. The gene x environment interaction is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetics refers to a complex system that modifies gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. The most studied epigenetic mechanism is DNA methylation. This epigenetic mark participates in distinct MS pathophysiological processes, including blood-brain barrier breakdown, inflammatory response, demyelination, remyelination failure and neurodegeneration. In this study, we also accurately summarised a list of environmental factors involved in the MS pathogenesis and its clinical course. A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE through PubMED and Scopus. In conclusion, an exhaustive study of DNA methylation might contribute towards new pharmacological interventions in MS by use of epigenetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiara Celarain
- Girona Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (UNIEM), Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital and Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain.
| | - Jordi Tomas-Roig
- Girona Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (UNIEM), Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital and Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain.
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14
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Vitamin D as A Protector of Arterial Health: Potential Role in Peripheral Arterial Disease Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194907. [PMID: 31623356 PMCID: PMC6801787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic occlusive diseases and aneurysms that affect large and medium-sized arteries outside the cardiac and cerebral circulation are collectively known as peripheral arterial disease (PAD). With a rise in the rate of aging population worldwide, the number of people diagnosed with PAD is rapidly increasing. The micronutrient vitamin D is an important steroid hormone that acts on many crucial cellular mechanisms. Experimental studies suggest that optimal levels of vitamin D have beneficial effects on the heart and blood vessels; however, high vitamin D concentrations have been implicated in promoting vascular calcification and arterial stiffness. Observations from various clinical studies shows that deficiency of vitamin D has been associated with a greater risk of PAD. Epidemiological studies have often reported an inverse relation between circulating vitamin D status measured in terms of 25-hydroxivitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and increased cardiovascular disease risk; however, randomized controlled trials did not show a consistent positive effect of vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular disease risk or events. Even though PAD shares all the major risk factors with cardiovascular diseases, the effect of vitamin D deficiency in PAD is not clear. Current evidence suggests a strong role of vitamin D in promoting genomic and epigenomic changes. This review summarises the current literature that supports the notion that vitamin D deficiency may promote PAD formation. A better understanding of underlying pathological mechanisms will open up new therapeutic possibilities which is the main unmet need in PAD management. Furthermore, epigenetic evidence shows that a more holistic approach towards PAD prevention that incorporates a healthy lifestyle, adequate exercise and optimal nutrition may be more effective in protecting the genome and maintaining a healthy vasculature.
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15
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Zhang J, Li WY, Yang Y, Yan LZ, Zhang SY, He J, Wang JX. LncRNA XIST facilitates cell growth, migration and invasion via modulating H3 histone methylation of DKK1 in neuroblastoma. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:1882-1892. [PMID: 31208278 PMCID: PMC6681787 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1632134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been confirmed to be aberrantly expressed and involved in the progression of neuroblastoma. This study aimed to explore the expression profile of lncRNA X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) and its functional involvement in neuroblastoma. In this study, the relative level of XIST in neuroblastoma tissues and cell lines was detected by qPCR, and DKK1 protein expression was determined using western blot. The effect of XIST on cell growth, invasion and migration in vitro and in tumorigenesis of neuroblastoma was assessed. The level of H3K27me3 in DKK1 promoter was analyzed with ChIP-qPCR. Interaction between XIST and EZH2 was verified by RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA pull-down assay. XIST was significantly upregulated in neuroblastoma tissues (n = 30) and cells lines, and it was statistically associated with the age and International Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS) staging in neuroblastoma patients. Downregulation of XIST suppressed the growth, migration and invasion of neuroblastoma cells. EZH2 inhibited DKK1 expression through inducing H3 histone methylation in its promoter. XIST increased the level of H3K27me3 in DKK1 promoter via interacting with EZH2. Downregulation of XIST increased DKK1 expression to suppress neuroblastoma cell growth, invasion, and migration, which markedly restrained the tumor progression. In conclusion, XIST downregulated DKK1 by inducing H3 histone methylation via EZH2, thereby facilitating the growth, migration and invasion of neuroblastoma cells and retarding tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- CONTACT Jiao Zhang
| | - Wen-Ya Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Li-Zhao Yan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Song-Yang Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Xiang Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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16
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Li X, Cai Y. Better prognostic determination and feature characterization of cutaneous melanoma through integrative genomic analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:5081-5107. [PMID: 31322504 PMCID: PMC6746212 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is the most dangerous type of skin cancer and has highly heterogeneous features. Despite progress in melanoma classification, interpatient heterogeneity remains difficult to predict, especially in terms of long-term survival. Here, based on mRNA-seq, miRNA-seq and DNA methylation data from 447 cutaneous melanoma patients in the Cancer Genome Atlas, we performed integrative and single-dataset clustering analyses. A novel group of patients was identified, including 301 with better, 55 with poorer and 91 with intermediate prognoses. Immune genes were upregulated in the better prognostic group, and higher immune scores (representing a greater extent of immune cell infiltration into tumor tissues) were associated with better prognoses. Higher expression of 115 genes was determined to predict better outcomes. The better prognostic group also exhibited DNA hypomethylation, and immune pathways were enriched among the hypomethylated genes. Using exome-seq data from the same patients, we observed that the better prognostic group harbored the highest number of mutations. The mutational signature in the better prognostic group was associated with ultraviolet light exposure. These integrated investigations have potential therapeutic significance, as they clarify the molecular heterogeneity of cutaneous melanoma and enhance its classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Research Center for Biomedical Information Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Yunpeng Cai
- Research Center for Biomedical Information Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
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17
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Li S, Chen M, Li Y, Tollefsbol TO. Prenatal epigenetics diets play protective roles against environmental pollution. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:82. [PMID: 31097039 PMCID: PMC6524340 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is thought that germ cells and preimplantation embryos during development are most susceptible to endogenous and exogenous environmental factors because the epigenome in those cells is undergoing dramatic elimination and reconstruction. Exposure to environmental factors such as nutrition, climate, stress, pathogens, toxins, and even social behavior during gametogenesis and early embryogenesis has been shown to influence disease susceptibility in the offspring. Early-life epigenetic modifications, which determine the expression of genetic information stored in the genome, are viewed as one of the general mechanisms linking prenatal exposure and phenotypic changes later in life. From atmospheric pollution, endocrine-disrupting chemicals to heavy metals, research increasingly suggests that environmental pollutions have already produced significant consequences on human health. Moreover, mounting evidence now links such pollution to relevant modification in the epigenome. The epigenetics diet, referring to a class of bioactive dietary compounds such as isothiocyanates in broccoli, genistein in soybean, resveratrol in grape, epigallocatechin-3-gallate in green tea, and ascorbic acid in fruits, has been shown to modify the epigenome leading to beneficial health outcomes. This review will primarily focus on the causes and consequences of prenatal environment pollution exposure on the epigenome, and the potential protective role of the epigenetics diet, which could play a central role in neutralizing epigenomic aberrations against environmental pollutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhao Li
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Trygve O Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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18
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Deng W, Lu YF. Methylation of tumor suppressor genes and risk factors of colorectal cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2018; 26:2088-2095. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v26.i36.2088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the diagnostic methods and treatment options are continuously optimized, the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) are still rising. Therefore, "preventive treatment of disease" is the key to solving this problem. In recent years, hypermethylation of promoter CpG islands (CGIs) in tumor suppressor genes has been a hot research topic because it is reversible and early events in the development of CRC, and affects drug resistance, disease treatment, and patient prognosis. CRC risk factors such as poor dietary choice, lack of physical activity, excessive drinking, and unhealthy weight can regulate promoter CGI hypermethylation, which will help develop new methylation-related cancer prevention strategies. This article mainly introduces the significance and regulatory mechanism of methylation of tumor suppressor genes and its relationship with risk factors in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining 810000, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Yong-Fu Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining 810000, Qinghai Province, China
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19
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O’Brien KM, Sandler DP, Xu Z, Kinyamu HK, Taylor JA, Weinberg CR. Vitamin D, DNA methylation, and breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2018; 20:70. [PMID: 29996894 PMCID: PMC6042268 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-018-0994-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D has anticarcinogenic and immune-related properties and may protect against some diseases, including breast cancer. Vitamin D affects gene transcription and may influence DNA methylation. METHODS We studied the relationships between serum vitamin D, DNA methylation, and breast cancer using a case-cohort sample (1070 cases, 1277 in subcohort) of non-Hispanic white women. For our primary analysis, we used robust linear regression to examine the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and methylation within a random sample of the cohort ("subcohort"). We focused on 198 CpGs in or near seven vitamin D-related genes. For these 198 candidate CpG loci, we also examined how multiplicative interactions between methylation and 25(OH)D were associated with breast cancer risk. This was done using Cox proportional hazards models and the full case-cohort sample. We additionally conducted an exploratory epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of the association between 25(OH)D and DNA methylation in the subcohort. RESULTS Of the CpGs in vitamin D-related genes, cg21201924 (RXRA) had the lowest p value for association with 25(OH)D (p = 0.0004). Twenty-two other candidate CpGs were associated with 25(OH)D (p < 0.05; RXRA, NADSYN1/DHCR7, GC, or CYP27B1). We observed an interaction between 25(OH)D and methylation at cg21201924 in relation to breast cancer risk (ratio of hazard ratios = 1.22, 95% confidence interval 1.10-1.34; p = 7 × 10-5), indicating a larger methylation-breast cancer hazard ratio in those with high serum 25(OH)D concentrations. We also observed statistically significant (p < 0.05) interactions for six other RXRA CpGs and CpGs in CYP24A1, CYP27B1, NADSYN1/DHCR7, and VDR. In the EWAS of the subcohort, 25(OH)D was associated (q < 0.05) with methylation at cg24350360 (EPHX1; p = 3.4 × 10-8), cg06177555 (SPN; p = 9.8 × 10-8), and cg13243168 (SMARCD2; p = 2.9 × 10-7). CONCLUSIONS 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with DNA methylation of CpGs in several vitamin D-related genes, with potential links to immune function-related genes. Methylation of CpGs in vitamin D-related genes may interact with 25(OH)D to affect the risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M. O’Brien
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA
| | - Dale P. Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA
| | - Zongli Xu
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA
| | - H. Karimi Kinyamu
- Chromatin and Gene Expression Section, Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA
| | - Jack A. Taylor
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA
| | - Clarice R. Weinberg
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA
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20
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Sato A, Ueno H, Fusegi M, Kaneko S, Kohno K, Virgona N, Ando A, Sekine Y, Yano T. A Succinate Ether Derivative of Tocotrienol Enhances Dickkopf-1 Gene Expression through Epigenetic Alterations in Malignant Mesothelioma Cells. Pharmacology 2018; 102:26-36. [PMID: 29763912 DOI: 10.1159/000489128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wnt signaling plays an essential role in tumor cell growth, including the development of malignant mesothelioma (MM). Epigenetic silencing of negative Wnt regulators leading to constitutive Wnt signaling has been observed in various cancers and warrants further attention. We have reported that a succinate ether derivative of α-tocotrienol (T3E) has potent cytotoxic effects in MM cells. Thus, in this study, we investigated whether the anti-MM effect of T3E could be mediated via the epigenetic alteration of the Wnt antagonist gene, Dickkopf-1 (DKK1). METHODS WST-1 and cell analyzers were employed to analyze the effects of T3E on cell viability and apoptosis of human MM cell lines (H2452, H28). Real-time PCR and Western blot were performed to evaluate the expression at mRNA and protein levels. Methylation status and epigenetic modifications of DKK1's promoter regions after T3E treatment in MM cells were studied using methylation-specific PCR and Chromatin immunoprecipitation. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown -(siRNA), and specific inhibitors, were used to validate DKK1 as a target of T3E. RESULTS T3E markedly impaired MM cell viability, increased the expression of phosphorylated-JNK and DKK1 and suppressed cyclin D, a downstream target gene of Wnt signaling. Knockdown of DKK1 expression by siRNA or a specific JNK inhibitor confirmed the contribution of DKK1 and JNK to T3E-induced cytotoxicity in MM cells. On the other hand, cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 (CKAP4) expression, which promotes cell proliferation as a Wnt-independent DKK1 receptor was inhibited by T3E. Silencing CKAP4 by -siRNA did not appear to directly affect MM cell viability, thereby indicating that expression of both DKK1 and CKAP4 is required. Furthermore, T3E-mediated inhibition of both DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1, 3A, and 3B) and histone deacetylases (HDAC1, 2, 3, and 8) in MM cells leads to increased DKK1 expression, thereby promoting tumor growth inhibition. MM cells treated with Zebularine (a DNMT inhibitor) and sodium butyrate (an HDAC inhibitor) exhibited cytotoxic effects, which may explain the inhibitory action of T3E on MM cells. In addition, an enhanced expression of DKK1 in MM cells following T3E treatment is positively correlated with the methylation status of its promoter; T3E decreased DNA methylation and increased histone acetylation. Moreover, T3E specifically increased histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methylation activity, whereas no effects were observed on histone H3K9 and H3K27. CONCLUSIONS Targeting the epigenetic induction of DKK1 may lead to effective treatment of MM, and T3E has great potential to induce anti-MM activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayami Sato
- Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Research Institute of Life Innovation, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Haruka Ueno
- Graduate School of Food Life Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Momoka Fusegi
- Graduate School of Food Life Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Saki Kaneko
- Graduate School of Food Life Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kakeru Kohno
- Graduate School of Food Life Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Nantiga Virgona
- Research Institute of Life Innovation, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Akira Ando
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuko Sekine
- Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yano
- Graduate School of Food Life Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan.,Research Institute of Life Innovation, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
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21
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Albi E, Cataldi S, Ferri I, Sidoni A, Traina G, Fettucciari K, Ambesi-Impiombato FS, Lazzarini A, Curcio F, Ceccarini MR, Beccari T, Codini M. VDR independent induction of acid-sphingomyelinase by 1,23(OH) 2 D 3 in gastric cancer cells: Impact on apoptosis and cell morphology. Biochimie 2017; 146:35-42. [PMID: 29158006 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,23(OH)2 D3) is known to play a dual role in cancer, by promoting or inhibiting carcinogenesis via 1,23(OH)2 D3 receptor (VDR) and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN). Fok I polymorphism of VDR may indirectly influence the receptor levels through autoregulation. The involvement of neutral sphingomyelinase in the non-classic VDR-mediated genomic pathway response to 1,23(OH)2 D3 treatment has been reported. Until now no information were reported about Fok I polymorphism of VDR in NCI-N87 human gastric cancer cells and the relation between acid sphingomyelinase and 1,23(OH)2 D3. Herein, we showed that NCI-N87 human gastric cancer cells are homozygous for the Fok I 'C' allele; resulting in a three amino acid-truncated protein form of the VDR. Surprisingly 1,23(OH)2 D3 treatments strongly down-regulated the expression of VDR whereas acid sphingomyelinase and PTEN expression were upregulated. No changes of neutral sphingomyelinase expression were observed after 1,23(OH)2 D3 treatment, whereas acid sphingomyelinase activity increased. Furthermore 1,23(OH)2 D3 induced over-expression of caspase 8, CDKN2B, MAP3K5, cytochrome C apoptotic genes. Morphological analysis highlighted some very large round or oval cells and small cells with angular or fusiform extensions, confirmed by MIB-1 immunodetection and Hercep test. Taken together our results indicated that the action of 1,23(OH)2 D3 in gastric cancer cells was independent on 1,23(OH)2 D3 receptor and suggested the acid sphingomyelinase as a possible target to induce molecular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Albi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Samuela Cataldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Ivana Ferri
- Institute of Pathologic Anatomy and Histology, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Angelo Sidoni
- Institute of Pathologic Anatomy and Histology, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Traina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Lazzarini
- Laboratory of Nuclear Lipid BioPathology, CRABiON, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Curcio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Italy
| | | | - Tommaso Beccari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Michela Codini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Italy.
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22
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Leng S, Picchi MA, Kang H, Wu G, Filipczak PT, Juri DE, Zhang X, Gauderman WJ, Gilliland FD, Belinsky SA. Dietary Nutrient Intake, Ethnicity, and Epigenetic Silencing of Lung Cancer Genes Detected in Sputum in New Mexican Smokers. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2017; 11:93-102. [PMID: 29118161 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-17-0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer gene methylation detected in sputum assesses field cancerization and predicts lung cancer incidence. Hispanic smokers have higher lung cancer susceptibility compared with non-Hispanic whites (NHW). We aimed to identify novel dietary nutrients affecting lung cancer gene methylation and determine the degree of ethnic disparity in methylation explained by diet. Dietary intakes of 139 nutrients were assessed using a validated Harvard food frequency questionnaire in 327 Hispanics and 1,502 NHWs from the Lovelace Smokers Cohort. Promoter methylation of 12 lung cancer genes was assessed in sputum DNA. A global association was identified between dietary intake and gene methylation (Ppermutation = 0.003). Seventeen nutrient measurements were identified with magnitude of association with methylation greater than that seen for folate. A stepwise approach identified B12, manganese, sodium, and saturated fat as the minimally correlated set of nutrients whose optimal intakes could reduce the methylation by 36% (Ppermutation < 0.001). Six protective nutrients included vitamin D, B12, manganese, magnesium, niacin, and folate. Approximately 42% of ethnic disparity in methylation was explained by insufficient intake of protective nutrients in Hispanics compared with NHWs. Functional validation of protective nutrients showed an enhanced DNA repair capacity toward double-strand DNA breaks, a mechanistic biomarker strongly linked to acquisition of lung cancer gene methylation in smokers. Dietary intake is a major modifiable factor for preventing promoter methylation of lung cancer genes in smokers' lungs. Complex dietary supplements could be developed on the basis of these protective nutrients for lung cancer chemoprevention in smokers. Hispanic smokers may benefit the most from this complex for reducing their lung cancer susceptibility. Cancer Prev Res; 11(2); 93-102. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Leng
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico. .,Cancer Control (CaC) Research Program, University of New Mexico Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Maria A Picchi
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Huining Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine and UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Guodong Wu
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Piotr T Filipczak
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Daniel E Juri
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Xiequn Zhang
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - W James Gauderman
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Frank D Gilliland
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Steven A Belinsky
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico. .,Cancer Control (CaC) Research Program, University of New Mexico Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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Su H, Lou Y, Fu Y, Zhang Y, Liu N, Liu Z, Zhou Y, Kong J. Involvement of the Vitamin D Receptor in Energy Metabolism Revealed by Profiling of Lysine Succinylome of White Adipose Tissue. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14132. [PMID: 29074956 PMCID: PMC5658373 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14477-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine succinylation, emerging as a novel post-translational modification, is closely related to the regulation of diverse biological processes, including many aspects of metabolism. Growing evidence suggests that low vitamin D status might exert an adverse impact on energy balance, adipogenesis and inflammation in white adipose tissue (WAT). However, whether there are any interactions between vitamin D and lysine succinylation still remains unknown. Here, combining high-affinity enrichment of lysine succinylated peptides with mass spectrometry and bioinformatics analysis, we reported the systematic profiling of the lysine succinylome, identifying 209 sites occurring on 159 proteins were up-regulated, 3 sites in 3 proteins were down-regulated in vitamin D receptor (VDR)−/− mice. Bioinformatics analysis reveals potential impacts of lysine succinylation on diverse biological processes and molecular functions, especially on carbon biotransformation, fatty acid metabolism and TCA cycle. Furthermore, eight unique motifs surrounding the succinylation sites were validated. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the first comprehensive profiling of WAT succinylome in VDR−/− mice, and provide crucial clues for further elucidating the underlying mechanisms of the involvement of the VDR in energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Su
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Yan Lou
- School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Yalin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Zuwang Liu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Yanyan Zhou
- Jingjie PTM Biolab (Hangzhou) Co.,Ltd., Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Juan Kong
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
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Meyer V, Saccone DS, Tugizimana F, Asani FF, Jeffery TJ, Bornman L. Methylation of the Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) Gene, Together with Genetic Variation, Race, and Environment Influence the Signaling Efficacy of the Toll-Like Receptor 2/1-VDR Pathway. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1048. [PMID: 28959253 PMCID: PMC5603903 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The disparity in prevalence of infectious diseases across the globe is common knowledge. Vitamin D receptor (VDR)-mediated toll-like receptor (TLR) 2/1 signaling produces antimicrobial peptides, which is critical as a first line of defense in innate immunity. Numerous studies disclosed the independent role of genetic polymorphisms in this pathway, vitamin D status or season and more recently epigenetics, as factors contributing to infectious disease predisposition. Few studies address the interaction between environment, genetics, and epigenetics. Here, we hypothesized that VDR-mediated TLR2/1 signaling is influenced by a combination of environment, epigenetics and genetics, collectively influencing differential innate immunity. METHODS Healthy Black and White South Africans (n = 100) donated blood, while ultraviolet index (UVI) was recorded for the duration of the study. LC-MS/MS supported 25(OH)D3 quantification. Monocyte/macrophage cultures, supplemented with/without 1,25(OH)2D3, were activated with the TLR2/1 elicitor, Pam3CSK4. VDR, cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, hCAP-18, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-24-hydroxylase expression were quantified by RT-qPCR or flow cytometry. Pyrosequencing facilitated VDR methylation analysis and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping in regions pinpointed through a bioinformatics workflow. RESULTS Season interacted with race showing 25(OH)D3 deficiency in Blacks. UVI correlated with 25(OH)D3 and VDR methylation, likely influencing race differences in the latter. Regarding the TLR2/1 pathway, race differences in SNP genotype distribution were confirmed and functional analysis of VDR-mediated signaling showed interaction between race, season, and 25(OH)D3 status. Multivariate OPLS-DA mirrored several interactions between UVI, 25(OH)D3 status, DNA sequence, and methylation variants. Methylation of the third cytosine-phosphate-guanine dinucleotide (CpG) in the promoter CpG island (CGI) 1062, CGI 1062 CpG 3, significantly discriminated a 5.7-fold above average mean in VDR protein level upon TLR2/1 elicitation, the variation of which was further influenced by 25(OH)D3 status and the VDR SNP TaqI. CONCLUSION Regulation of VDR-mediated TLR2/1 signaling is multifactorial, involving interaction between environment [UVI and consequent 25(OH)D3 status], epigenetics (VDR methylation at key regulatory sites), and genetics (TLR1, TIRAP, and VDR SNPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Meyer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Donovan Sean Saccone
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Fidele Tugizimana
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Tamsyn Jacki Jeffery
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Liza Bornman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Bandera Merchan B, Morcillo S, Martin-Nuñez G, Tinahones FJ, Macías-González M. The role of vitamin D and VDR in carcinogenesis: Through epidemiology and basic sciences. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 167:203-218. [PMID: 27913313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the last two decades vitamin D (VD) research has demonstrated new extraskeletal actions of this pre-hormone, suggesting a protective role of this secosteroid in the onset, progression and prognosis of several chronic noncommunicable diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus or cancer. Regarding carcinogenesis, both preclinical and epidemiological evidence available show oncoprotective actions of VD and its receptor, the VDR. However, in late neoplastic stages the VD system (VDS) seems to be less functional, which appears to be due to an epigenetic silencing of the system. In preclinical experimental studies, VD presents oncoprotective actions through modulation of inflammation, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, angiogenesis, invasive and metastatic potential, apoptosis, miRNA expression regulation and modulation of the Hedgehog signalling pathway. Moreover, epidemiological evidence points towards an oncoprotective role of vitamin D and VDR in colorectal cancer. This association is more controversial with breast, ovarian and prostate cancers, although with a few adverse effects. Nonetheless, we should consider other factors to determine the benefit of increased serum concentration of VD. Much of the epidemiological evidence is still inconclusive, and we will have to wait for new, better-designed ongoing RCTs and their results to discern the real effect of vitamin D in cancer risk reduction and therapy. The objective of this literature review is to offer an up-to-date analysis of the role of the VD and VDR, in the onset, progression and prognosis of all types of cancer. We further discuss the available literature and suggest new hypotheses and future challenges in the field of VD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Bandera Merchan
- Unidad de Gestiòn Clìnica y Endocrinologìa y Nutriciòn, Instituto de Investigaciòn Biomèdica de Màlaga (IBIMA),Complejo Hospitalario de Màlaga (Virgen de la Victoria), Universidad de Màlaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Sonsoles Morcillo
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CB06/03),Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gracia Martin-Nuñez
- Unidad de Gestiòn Clìnica y Endocrinologìa y Nutriciòn, Instituto de Investigaciòn Biomèdica de Màlaga (IBIMA),Complejo Hospitalario de Màlaga (Virgen de la Victoria), Universidad de Màlaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Francisco José Tinahones
- Unidad de Gestiòn Clìnica y Endocrinologìa y Nutriciòn, Instituto de Investigaciòn Biomèdica de Màlaga (IBIMA),Complejo Hospitalario de Màlaga (Virgen de la Victoria), Universidad de Màlaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CB06/03),Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Macías-González
- Unidad de Gestiòn Clìnica y Endocrinologìa y Nutriciòn, Instituto de Investigaciòn Biomèdica de Màlaga (IBIMA),Complejo Hospitalario de Màlaga (Virgen de la Victoria), Universidad de Màlaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CB06/03),Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Jusu S, Presley JF, Kremer R. Phosphorylation of Human Retinoid X Receptor α at Serine 260 Impairs Its Subcellular Localization, Receptor Interaction, Nuclear Mobility, and 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3-dependent DNA Binding in Ras-transformed Keratinocytes. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:1490-1509. [PMID: 27852823 PMCID: PMC5270490 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.758185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human retinoid X receptor α (hRXRα) plays a critical role in DNA binding and transcriptional activity through heterodimeric association with several members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, including the human vitamin D receptor (hVDR). We previously showed that hRXRα phosphorylation at serine 260 through the Ras-Raf-MAPK ERK1/2 activation is responsible for resistance to the growth inhibitory effects of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25(OH)2D3), the biologically active metabolite of vitamin D3 To further investigate the mechanism of this resistance, we studied intranuclear dynamics of hVDR and hRXRα-tagged constructs in living cells together with endogenous and tagged protein in fixed cells. We find that hVDR-, hRXRα-, and hVDR-hRXRα complex accumulate in the nucleus in 1α,25(OH)2D3-treated HPK1A cells but to a lesser extent in HPK1ARas-treated cells. Also, by using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), we demonstrate increased interaction of the hVDR-hRXRα complex in 1α,25(OH)2D3-treated HPK1A but not HPK1ARas cells. In HPK1ARas cells, 1α,25(OH)2D3-induced nuclear localization and interaction of hRXRα are restored when cells are treated with the MEK1/2 inhibitor UO126 or following transfection of the non-phosphorylatable hRXRα Ala-260 mutant. Finally, we demonstrate using fluorescence loss in photobleaching and quantitative co-localization with chromatin that RXR immobilization and co-localization with chromatin are significantly increased in 1α,25(OH)2D3-treated HPK1ARas cells transfected with the non-phosphorylatable hRXRα Ala-260 mutant. This suggests that hRXRα phosphorylation significantly disrupts its nuclear localization, interaction with VDR, intra-nuclear trafficking, and binding to chromatin of the hVDR-hRXR complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvester Jusu
- From the Department of Medicine, Calcium Research Laboratory, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1
- the Department of Medicine, Experimental Therapeutics and Metabolism Program, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - John F Presley
- the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, and
| | - Richard Kremer
- From the Department of Medicine, Calcium Research Laboratory, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1,
- the Department of Medicine, Experimental Therapeutics and Metabolism Program, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
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27
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Beckett EL, Duesing K, Martin C, Jones P, Furst J, King K, Niblett S, Yates Z, Veysey M, Lucock M. Relationship between methylation status of vitamin D-related genes, vitamin D levels, and methyl-donor biochemistry. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION & INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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28
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Commonalities in the Association between PPARG and Vitamin D Related with Obesity and Carcinogenesis. PPAR Res 2016; 2016:2308249. [PMID: 27579030 PMCID: PMC4992792 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2308249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The PPAR nuclear receptor family has acquired great relevance in the last decade, which is formed by three different isoforms (PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPAR ϒ). Those nuclear receptors are members of the steroid receptor superfamily which take part in essential metabolic and life-sustaining actions. Specifically, PPARG has been implicated in the regulation of processes concerning metabolism, inflammation, atherosclerosis, cell differentiation, and proliferation. Thus, a considerable amount of literature has emerged in the last ten years linking PPARG signalling with metabolic conditions such as obesity and diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and, more recently, cancer. This review paper, at crossroads of basic sciences, preclinical, and clinical data, intends to analyse the last research concerning PPARG signalling in obesity and cancer. Afterwards, possible links between four interrelated actors will be established: PPARG, the vitamin D/VDR system, obesity, and cancer, opening up the door to further investigation and new hypothesis in this fascinating area of research.
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29
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Cui Y, Ma W, Lei F, Li Q, Su Y, Lin X, Lin C, Zhang X, Ye L, Wu S, Li J, Yuan Z, Song L. Prostate tumour overexpressed-1 promotes tumourigenicity in human breast cancer via activation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling. J Pathol 2016; 239:297-308. [PMID: 27060981 DOI: 10.1002/path.4725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in females. The presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) is the main cause of local and distant tumour recurrence and is associated with poor outcome in breast cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the maintenance of CSCs remain largely unknown. This study demonstrates that prostate tumour overexpressed-1 (PTOV1) enhances the CSC population and augments the tumourigenicity of breast cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, PTOV1 suppresses transcription of Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) by recruiting histone deacetylases and subsequently reducing DKK1 promoter histone acetylation, followed by activation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Restoration of DKK1 expression in PTOV1-overexpressing cells counteracts the effects of PTOV1 on Wnt/β-catenin activation and the CSC population. Collectively, these results suggest that PTOV1 positively regulates the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway and enhances tumourigenicity in breast cancer; this novel mechanism may represent a therapeutic target for breast cancer. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Cui
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weifeng Ma
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fangyong Lei
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingyuan Li
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Country Garden School, Shunde, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanhong Su
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi Lin
- Ultrasonic Department, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuyong Lin
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liping Ye
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shu Wu
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongyu Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Libing Song
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Abstract
Vitamin D, also known as cholecalciferol, is the precursor to the active steroid hormone 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol; 1, 25(OH)2D3). The main physiological role for 1, 25(OH)2D3 is to regulate calcium and inorganic phosphate homeostasis for bone health. More recently, vitamin D has been investigated for its effects in the prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases such as cancer, autoimmune disorders, and cardiovascular disease. Preclinical data strongly support a role for vitamin D in the prevention of cancer through its anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and anti-angiogenic effects on cells. Epidemiologic and clinical studies have shown mixed data on the correlation between serum vitamin D levels and cancer risk. This report seeks to outline results from the most recent preclinical and clinical studies investigating the potential role of vitamin D in cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Ness
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Duane D Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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31
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Florath I, Schöttker B, Butterbach K, Bewerunge-Hudler M, Brenner H. Epigenome-wide search for association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration with leukocyte DNA methylation in a large cohort of older men. Epigenomics 2016; 8:487-99. [DOI: 10.2217/epi.16.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We aimed for an epigenome-wide identification of vitamin D-associated CpG sites in leukocyte DNA. Materials & methods: Infinium HumanMethylation450BeadChip measurements in 402 Caucasian older men were evaluated for significant association with 25-hydroxy-vitamin (25(OH)D) using Spearman's correlation and median regression to adjust for confounding variables. A cross-validation approach as well as a bootstrapping procedure were implemented to determine the replicability of significant associations. Multiple testing was corrected for by Benjamini–Hochberg or Bonferroni. Results: Although in the screening subcohorts significant associations of DNAm with 25(OH)D were observed in the validation cohorts these associations were not replicated after adjustment for potential confounders. At none of the 361,945 CpGs a significant association of DNAm with 25(OH)D was found in all 100 random bootstrap samples, but in comparison at 462 CpGs for the well-established association with age. Conclusion: Leukocyte DNAm was not associated with 25(OH)D levels after validation and consideration of confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Florath
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology & Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Germany
- School of Public Health, Curtin University Perth, 6102 Bentley, Kent Street, Australia
| | - Ben Schöttker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology & Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Germany
| | - Katja Butterbach
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology & Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Germany
| | - Melanie Bewerunge-Hudler
- Core Facility Genomics & Proteomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology & Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Germany
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology & Aging Research, Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Germany
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Batai K, Murphy AB, Nonn L, Kittles RA. Vitamin D and Immune Response: Implications for Prostate Cancer in African Americans. Front Immunol 2016; 7:53. [PMID: 26941739 PMCID: PMC4761841 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer among men in the U.S. African American (AA) men have a higher incidence and mortality rate compared to European American (EA) men, but the cause of PCa disparities is still unclear. Epidemiologic studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency is associated with advanced stage and higher tumor grade and mortality, while its association with overall PCa risk is inconsistent. Vitamin D deficiency is also more common in AAs than EAs, and the difference in serum vitamin D levels may help explain the PCa disparities. However, the role of vitamin D in aggressive PCa in AAs is not well explored. Studies demonstrated that the active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, has anti-inflammatory effects by mediating immune-related gene expression in prostate tissue. Inflammation also plays an important role in PCa pathogenesis and progression, and expression of immune-related genes in PCa tissues differs significantly between AAs and EAs. Unfortunately, the evidence linking vitamin D and immune response in relation to PCa is still scarce. This relationship should be further explored at a genomic level in AA populations that are at high risk for vitamin D deficiency and fatal PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Batai
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ , USA
| | - Adam B Murphy
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Larisa Nonn
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL , USA
| | - Rick A Kittles
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ , USA
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Chandel N, Malhotra A, Singhal PC. Vitamin D receptor and epigenetics in HIV infection and drug abuse. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:788. [PMID: 26347716 PMCID: PMC4541325 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Illicit drug abuse is highly prevalent and serves as a powerful co-factor for HIV exacerbation. Epigenetic alterations in drug abuse and HIV infection determine expression of several critical genes such as vitamin D receptor (VDR), which participates in proliferation, differentiation, cell death under both physiological and pathological conditions. On that account, active vitamin D, the ligand of VDR, is used as an adjuvant therapy to control infection, slow down progression of chronic kidney diseases, and cancer chemotherapy. Interestingly, vitamin D may not be able to augment VDR expression optimally in several instances where epigenetic contributes to down regulation of VDR; however, reversal of epigenetic corruption either by demethylating agents (DACs) or histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors would be able to maximize expression of VDR in these instances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirupama Chandel
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Hofstra North Shore LIJ School of Medicine , New York, NY, USA
| | - Ashwani Malhotra
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Hofstra North Shore LIJ School of Medicine , New York, NY, USA
| | - Pravin C Singhal
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Hofstra North Shore LIJ School of Medicine , New York, NY, USA
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Choi SW, Tammen SA, Liu Z, Friso S. A lifelong exposure to a Western-style diet, but not aging, alters global DNA methylation in mouse colon. Nutr Res Pract 2015; 9:358-63. [PMID: 26244073 PMCID: PMC4523478 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2015.9.4.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Previous studies have indicated that when compared to young mice, old mice have lower global DNA methylation and higher p16 promoter methylation in colonic mucosa, which is a common finding in colon cancer. It is also known that a Western-style diet (WSD) high in fat and calories, and low in calcium, vitamin D, fiber, methionine and choline (based on the AIN 76A diet) is tumorigenic in colons of mice. Because DNA methylation is modifiable by diet, we investigate whether a WSD disrupts DNA methylation patterns, creating a tumorigenic environment. SUBJECTVIES/METHODS We investigated the effects of a WSD and aging on global and p16 promoter DNA methylation in the colon. Two month old male C57BL/6 mice were fed either a WSD or a control diet (AIN76A) for 6, 12 or 17 months. Global DNA methylation, p16 promoter methylation and p16 expression were determined by LC/MS, methyl-specific PCR and real time RT-PCR, respectively. RESULTS The WSD group demonstrated significantly decreased global DNA methylation compared with the control at 17 months (4.05 vs 4.31%, P = 0.019). While both diets did not change global DNA methylation over time, mice fed the WSD had lower global methylation relative to controls when comparing all animals (4.13 vs 4.30%, P = 0.0005). There was an increase in p16 promoter methylation from 6 to 17 months in both diet groups (P < 0.05) but no differences were observed between diet groups. Expression of p16 increased with age in both control and WSD groups. CONCLUSIONS In this model a WSD reduces global DNA methylation, whereas aging itself has no affect. Although the epigenetic effect of aging was not strong enough to alter global DNA methylation, changes in promoter-specific methylation and gene expression occurred with aging regardless of diet, demonstrating the complexity of epigenetic patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Woon Choi
- Chaum Life Center, CHA University School of Medicine, 442, Dosan-daero, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-948, Korea. ; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. ; School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephanie A Tammen
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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Chiurillo MA. Role of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in gastric cancer: An in-depth literature review. World J Exp Med 2015; 5:84-102. [PMID: 25992323 PMCID: PMC4436943 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v5.i2.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer remains one of the most common cancers worldwide and one of the leading cause for cancer-related deaths. Gastric adenocarcinoma is a multifactorial disease that is genetically, cytologically and architecturally more heterogeneous than other gastrointestinal carcinomas. The aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is involved in the development and progression of a significant proportion of gastric cancer cases. This review focuses on the participation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in gastric cancer by offering an analysis of the relevant literature published in this field. Indeed, it is discussed the role of key factors in Wnt/β-catenin signaling and their downstream effectors regulating processes involved in tumor initiation, tumor growth, metastasis and resistance to therapy. Available data indicate that constitutive Wnt signalling resulting from Helicobacter pylori infection and inactivation of Wnt inhibitors (mainly by inactivating mutations and promoter hypermethylation) play an important role in gastric cancer. Moreover, a number of recent studies confirmed CTNNB1 and APC as driver genes in gastric cancer. The identification of specific membrane, intracellular, and extracellular components of the Wnt pathway has revealed potential targets for gastric cancer therapy. High-throughput “omics” approaches will help in the search for Wnt pathway antagonist in the near future.
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Abstract
The colorectal mucosal epithelium is composed of rapidly proliferating crypt cells derived by clonal expansion from stem cells. The aging human colorectal mucosa develops aberrant patterns of DNA methylation that may contribute to its increasing vulnerability to cancer. Various types of evidence suggest that age-dependent loss of global methylation, together with hypermethylation of CpG islands associated with cancer-related genes, may be influenced by nutritional and metabolic factors. Folates are essential for the maintenance of normal DNA methylation, and folate metabolism is known to modify epigenetic mechanisms under experimental conditions. Human intervention trials and cross-sectional studies suggest a role for folates and other nutritional and metabolic factors as determinants of colorectal mucosal DNA methylation. Future studies should focus on the possibility that folic acid fortification may exert unforeseen effects on the human gastrointestinal epigenome. Naturally occurring DNA methyltransferase inhibitors in plant foods may be useful for the manipulation of epigenetic profiles in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian T Johnson
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
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Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) results from a stepwise accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations that transform the normal colonic epithelium into cancer. DNA methylation represents one of the most studied epigenetic marks in CRC, and three common epigenotypes have been identified characterized by high, intermediate and low methylation profiles, respectively. Combining DNA methylation data with gene mutations and cytogenetic alterations occurring in CRC is nowadays allowing the characterization of different CRC subtypes, but the crosstalk between DNA methylation and other epigenetic mechanisms, such as histone tail modifications and the deregulated expression of non-coding RNAs is not yet clearly defined. Epigenetic biomarkers are increasingly recognized as promising diagnostic and prognostic tools in CRC, and the potential of therapeutic applications aimed at targeting the epigenome is under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Coppedè
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Medical School, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Kim HY, Park JH, Won HY, Lee JY, Kong G. CBX7 inhibits breast tumorigenicity through DKK-1-mediated suppression of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. FASEB J 2014; 29:300-13. [PMID: 25351982 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-253997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Polycomb protein chromobox homolog 7 (CBX7) is involved in several biologic processes including stem cell regulation and cancer development, but its roles in breast cancer remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that CBX7 negatively regulates breast tumor initiation. CD44(+)/CD24(-)/ESA(+) breast stem-like cells showed diminished CBX7 expression. Furthermore, small hairpin RNA-mediated CBX7 knockdown in breast epithelial and cancer cells increased the CD44(+)/CD24(-)/ESA(+) cell population and reinforced in vitro self-renewal and in vivo tumor-initiating ability. Similarly, CBX7 overexpression repressed these effects. We also found that CBX7 inhibits the Wnt/β-catenin/T cell factor pathway by enhancing the expression of Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1), a Wnt antagonist. In particular, CBX7 increased DKK-1 transcription by cooperating with p300 acetyltransferase and subsequently enhancing the histone acetylation of the DKK-1 promoter. Furthermore, pharmacologic inhibition of DKK-1 in CBX7-overexpressing cells showed recovery of Wnt signaling and consequent rescue of the CD44(+)/CD24(-)/ESA(+) cell population. Taken together, these findings indicate that CBX7-mediated epigenetic induction of DKK-1 is crucial for the inhibition of breast tumorigenicity, suggesting that CBX7 could be a potential tumor suppressor in human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hey-Yon Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, and
| | - Ji-Hye Park
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Jeong-Yeon Lee
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gu Kong
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, and Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
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Jeon JY, Meyerhardt JA. Can we change the past for colorectal cancer patients and how do we move forward? Cancer 2014; 120:1450-2. [PMID: 24591002 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Y Jeon
- Department of Sport and Leisure Studies, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Chavez Valencia RA, Martino DJ, Saffery R, Ellis JA. In vitro exposure of human blood mononuclear cells to active vitamin D does not induce substantial change to DNA methylation on a genome-scale. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 141:144-9. [PMID: 24525112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It is well-established that vitamin D impacts gene regulation via vitamin D response elements (VDREs) across the genome. Recent evidence, primarily at a locus-specific level, suggests that alterations to DNA methylation may also be a relevant mechanism through which vitamin D regulates gene expression. Given the intense interest in vitamin D, particularly as an immune modifier, we sought to examine the impact of vitamin D exposure on the immune cell methylome in vitro. We exposed primary human blood mononuclear cells with up to 100nM calcitriol for up to 120h, and measured genome-scale DNA methylation response using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 beadchip array. We observed that, while the expression of known vitamin D responsive genes was clearly altered by calcitriol exposure, substantial genome-scale changes to DNA methylation were not induced. Our data suggests that, over the exposure period measured, changes to DNA methylation may not be a predominant mechanism through which vitamin D impacts gene expression in human immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul A Chavez Valencia
- Genes, Environment and Complex Disease, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - David J Martino
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Cancer and Disease Epigenetics, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Richard Saffery
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Cancer and Disease Epigenetics, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Justine A Ellis
- Genes, Environment and Complex Disease, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms play a crucial role in regulating gene expression. The main mechanisms involve methylation of DNA and covalent modifications of histones by methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, or ubiquitination. The complex interplay of different epigenetic mechanisms is mediated by enzymes acting in the nucleus. Modifications in DNA methylation are performed mainly by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins, while a plethora of enzymes, such as histone acetyltransferases (HATs), histone deacetylases (HDACs), histone methyltransferases (HMTs), and histone demethylases (HDMs) regulate covalent histone modifications. In many diseases, such as cancer, the epigenetic regulatory system is often disturbed. Vitamin D interacts with the epigenome on multiple levels. Firstly, critical genes in the vitamin D signaling system, such as those coding for vitamin D receptor (VDR) and the enzymes 25-hydroxylase (CYP2R1), 1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1), and 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1) have large CpG islands in their promoter regions and therefore can be silenced by DNA methylation. Secondly, VDR protein physically interacts with coactivator and corepressor proteins, which in turn are in contact with chromatin modifiers, such as HATs, HDACs, HMTs, and with chromatin remodelers. Thirdly, a number of genes encoding for chromatin modifiers and remodelers, such as HDMs of the Jumonji C (JmjC)-domain containing proteins and lysine-specific demethylase (LSD) families are primary targets of VDR and its ligands. Finally, there is evidence that certain VDR ligands have DNA demethylating effects. In this review we will discuss regulation of the vitamin D system by epigenetic modifications and how vitamin D contributes to the maintenance of the epigenome, and evaluate its impact in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfete S Fetahu
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Höbaus
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna Vienna, Austria
| | - Enikő Kállay
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna Vienna, Austria
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Uriu-Adams JY, Obican SG, Keen CL. Vitamin D and maternal and child health: overview and implications for dietary requirements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 99:24-44. [PMID: 23723170 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The essentiality of vitamin D for normal growth and development has been recognized for over 80 years, and vitamin D fortification programs have been in place in the United States for more than 70 years. Despite the above, vitamin D deficiency continues to be a common finding in certain population groups. Vitamin D deficiency has been suggested as a potential risk factor for the development of preeclampsia, and vitamin D deficiency during infancy and early childhood is associated with an increased risk for numerous skeletal disorders, as well as immunological and vascular abnormalities. Vitamin D deficiency can occur through multiple mechanisms including the consumption of diets low in this vitamin and inadequate exposure to environmental ultraviolet B rays. The potential value of vitamin D supplementation in high-risk pregnancies and during infancy and early childhood is discussed. Currently, there is vigorous debate concerning what constitutes appropriate vitamin D intakes during early development as exemplified by differing recommendations from the Institute of Medicine Dietary Reference Intake report and recent recommendations by the Endocrine Society. As is discussed, a major issue that needs to be resolved is what key biological endpoint should be used when making vitamin D recommendations for the pregnant woman and her offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Y Uriu-Adams
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
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Vitamin D Is a Multilevel Repressor of Wnt/b-Catenin Signaling in Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2013. [PMID: 24202444 DOI: 10.3390/cancers 5041242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/b-catenin signaling pathway is abnormally activated in most colorectal cancers and in a proportion of other neoplasias. This activation initiates or contributes to carcinogenesis by regulating the expression of a large number of genes in tumor cells. The active vitamin D metabolite 1a,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) inhibits Wnt/b-catenin signaling by several mechanisms at different points along the pathway. Additionally, paracrine actions of 1,25(OH)2D3 on stromal cells may also repress this pathway in neighbouring tumor cells. Here we review the molecular basis for the various mechanisms by which 1,25(OH)2D3 antagonizes Wnt/b-catenin signaling, preferentially in human colon carcinoma cells, and the consequences of this inhibition for the phenotype and proliferation rate. The effect of the vitamin D system on Wnt/b-catenin signaling and tumor growth in animal models will also be commented in detail. Finally, we revise existing data on the relation between vitamin D receptor expression and vitamin D status and the expression of Wnt/b-catenin pathway genes and targets in cancer patients.
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Vitamin D Is a Multilevel Repressor of Wnt/b-Catenin Signaling in Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2013; 5:1242-60. [PMID: 24202444 PMCID: PMC3875938 DOI: 10.3390/cancers5041242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is abnormally activated in most colorectal cancers and in a proportion of other neoplasias. This activation initiates or contributes to carcinogenesis by regulating the expression of a large number of genes in tumor cells. The active vitamin D metabolite 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling by several mechanisms at different points along the pathway. Additionally, paracrine actions of 1,25(OH)2D3 on stromal cells may also repress this pathway in neighbouring tumor cells. Here we review the molecular basis for the various mechanisms by which 1,25(OH)2D3 antagonizes Wnt/β-catenin signaling, preferentially in human colon carcinoma cells, and the consequences of this inhibition for the phenotype and proliferation rate. The effect of the vitamin D system on Wnt/β-catenin signaling and tumor growth in animal models will also be commented in detail. Finally, we revise existing data on the relation between vitamin D receptor expression and vitamin D status and the expression of Wnt/β-catenin pathway genes and targets in cancer patients.
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Cancer-predicting gene expression changes in colonic mucosa of Western diet fed Mlh1+/- mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76865. [PMID: 24204690 PMCID: PMC3815089 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in the Western world and interactions between genetic and environmental factors, including diet, are suggested to play a critical role in its etiology. We conducted a long-term feeding experiment in the mouse to address gene expression and methylation changes arising in histologically normal colonic mucosa as putative cancer-predisposing events available for early detection. The expression of 94 growth-regulatory genes previously linked to human CRC was studied at two time points (5 weeks and 12 months of age) in the heterozygote Mlh1+/- mice, an animal model for human Lynch syndrome (LS), and wild type Mlh1+/+ littermates, fed by either Western-style (WD) or AIN-93G control diet. In mice fed with WD, proximal colon mucosa, the predominant site of cancer formation in LS, exhibited a significant expression decrease in tumor suppressor genes, Dkk1, Hoxd1, Slc5a8, and Socs1, the latter two only in the Mlh1+/- mice. Reduced mRNA expression was accompanied by increased promoter methylation of the respective genes. The strongest expression decrease (7.3 fold) together with a significant increase in its promoter methylation was seen in Dkk1, an antagonist of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Furthermore, the inactivation of Dkk1 seems to predispose to neoplasias in the proximal colon. This and the fact that Mlh1 which showed only modest methylation was still expressed in both Mlh1+/- and Mlh1+/+ mice indicate that the expression decreases and the inactivation of Dkk1 in particular is a prominent early marker for colon oncogenesis.
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Moukayed M, Grant WB. Molecular link between vitamin D and cancer prevention. Nutrients 2013; 5:3993-4021. [PMID: 24084056 PMCID: PMC3820056 DOI: 10.3390/nu5103993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolite of vitamin D, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ (also known as calcitriol), is a biologically active molecule required to maintain the physiological functions of several target tissues in the human body from conception to adulthood. Its molecular mode of action ranges from immediate nongenomic responses to longer term mechanisms that exert persistent genomic effects. The genomic mechanisms of vitamin D action rely on cross talk between 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ signaling pathways and that of other growth factors or hormones that collectively regulate cell proliferation, differentiation and cell survival. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate a role for vitamin D (calcitriol) in modulating cellular growth and development. Vitamin D (calcitriol) acts as an antiproliferative agent in many tissues and significantly slows malignant cellular growth. Moreover, epidemiological studies have suggested that ultraviolet-B exposure can help reduce cancer risk and prevalence, indicating a potential role for vitamin D as a feasible agent to prevent cancer incidence and recurrence. With the preventive potential of this biologically active agent, we suggest that countries where cancer is on the rise--yet where sunlight and, hence, vitamin D may be easily acquired--adopt awareness, education and implementation strategies to increase supplementation with vitamin D in all age groups as a preventive measure to reduce cancer risk and prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meis Moukayed
- School of Arts and Sciences, American University in Dubai, P. O. Box 28282, Dubai, UAE; E-Mail:
| | - William B. Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center, San Francisco, CA 94164-1603, USA
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Rare insights into cancer biology. Oncogene 2013; 33:2547-56. [PMID: 23812428 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated mutations have been identified in the metabolic genes succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), fumarate hydratase (FH) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), advancing and challenging our understanding of cellular function and disease mechanisms and providing direct links between dysregulated metabolism and cancer. Some striking parallels exist in the cellular consequences of the genetic mutations within this triad of cancer syndromes, including accumulation of oncometabolites and competitive inhibition of 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, particularly, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylases, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylases (part of the JMJD family) and the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of 5methyl cytosine (5mC) DNA hydroxylases. These lead to activation of HIF-dependent oncogenic pathways and inhibition of histone and DNA demethylation. Mutations in FH, resulting in loss of enzyme activity, predispose affected individuals to a rare cancer, hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC), characterised by benign smooth muscle cutaneous and uterine tumours (leiomyomata) and an aggressive form of collecting duct and type 2 papillary renal cancer. Interestingly, loss of FH activity results in the accumulation of high levels of fumarate that can lead to the non-enzymatic modification of cysteine residues in multiple proteins (succination) and in some cases to their disrupted function. Here we consider that the study of rare diseases such as HLRCC, combining analyses of human tumours and cell lines with in vitro and in vivo murine models has provided novel insights into cancer biology associated with dysregulated metabolism and represents a useful paradigm for cancer research.
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