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Brodzicka A, Galanty A, Paśko P. Modulation of Multidrug Resistance Transporters by Food Components and Dietary Supplements: Implications for Cancer Therapy Efficacy and Safety. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:9686-9706. [PMID: 39329928 PMCID: PMC11430623 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46090576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to explore how diet and dietary supplements influence the activity of key multidrug resistance (MDR) transporters-MRP2, BCRP, and P-gp. These transporters play a crucial role in drug efflux from cancer cells and significantly affect chemotherapy outcomes. This review focuses on how dietary phytochemicals, such as catechins and quercetin, impact the expression and function of these transporters. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments were examined to assess changes in drug bioavailability and intracellular drug accumulation. The findings show that certain dietary components-such as catechins, flavonoids, resveratrol, curcumin, terpenoids, sterols, and alkaloids-can either inhibit or induce MDR transporter activity, thus influencing the effectiveness of chemotherapy. These results highlight the importance of understanding diet-drug interactions in cancer therapy to improve treatment outcomes and reduce side effects. In conclusion, dietary modifications and supplements should be carefully considered in cancer treatment plans to optimize therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Brodzicka
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Galanty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Paweł Paśko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
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2
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Yang L, Wang L, Bao E, Wang J, Zhu P. Causal association of dietary factors with five common cancers: univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization studies. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1428844. [PMID: 39135550 PMCID: PMC11317396 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1428844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Daily dietary habits are closely related to human health, and long-term unhealthy dietary intake, such as excessive consumption of alcohol and pickled foods, may promote the development of cancers. However, comprehensive research on the causal relationship between dietary habits and cancer is lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to reveal the potential causal link between dietary risk factors and the prognosis of cancer-related to genetic susceptibility. Methods GWAS (Genome-Wide Association Studies) summary data on dietary habits and five common types of cancer and their pathological subtypes were obtained from the UK Biobank and various cancer association consortia. A univariable two-sample Mendelian randomization (UVMR) and FDR correction analysis was conducted to explore the causal relationships between 45 dietary habits and five common types of cancer and their histopathological subtypes. In addition, multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis (MVMR) was performed to adjust for traditional risk factors for dietary habits, and the direct or indirect effects of diet on cancer were evaluated. Finally, the prognostic impact of selected instrumental variables on cancer was analyzed using an online data platform. Results In the UVMR analysis, four dietary habits were identified as risk factors for cancer, while five dietary habits were identified as protective factors. Among the latter, one dietary habit showed a significant association with cancer even after FDR correction, indicating a potential causal relationship. The MVMR analysis revealed that weekly beer and cider intake, may act as an independent risk factor for cancer development. Other causal associations between dietary habits and cancer risk may be mediated by intermediate factors. In the prognostic analysis, the SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) of average weekly beer and cider intake were set as independent risk factors and were found to significantly impact overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in lung cancer. Conclusion This causal relationship study supports the notion that adjusting daily dietary habits and specific dietary interventions may decrease the risk of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Erhao Bao
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Dazhou, Dazhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiahao Wang
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Xichong County, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Pingyu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
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Olukunle OF, Omoboyede V, Chukwuemeka PO. Network pharmacology and molecular docking-based identification of drug candidates and key targets of Allium sativum for colorectal cancer treatment. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:4442-4455. [PMID: 37325859 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2220823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a type of cancer with high morbidity and mortality in several developing and developed countries of the world. Its mortality and morbidity are predicted to increase over the next decade, hence, efforts aimed at combating it have remained unabated. In the context of its treatment, the use of chemotherapeutics is often limited by challenges including cost-ineffectiveness, side effects, and drug resistance. Hence, medicinal plants are actively being explored for alternatives. In this study, Allium sativum (A. sativum) was explored for the discovery of key compounds that are worthy of exploration in the context of CRC treatment and the potential mechanism of its anti-CRC effects. The bioactive compounds of A. sativum were retrieved and subjected to drug-likeness and pharmacokinetics properties evaluation, the putative targets of compounds with admirable properties were predicted using PharmMapper while the targets of CRC were retrieved from GeneCards. The interactions between the targets common to both were retrieved from the String database while Cytoscape software was used to visualize and analyze the interactions. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) study revealed the biological processes and pathways A. sativum could potentially restore in CRC. These analyses revealed the key targets via which A. sativum compounds exert their anti-CRC properties, while molecular docking studies of the key compounds against the key targets revealed beta-sitosterol and alpha-bisabolene as the compounds with the highest binding affinity for the key targets. Ultimately, further experimental studies are needed to validate the findings of this study.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatoyin Folake Olukunle
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences (SLS), Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Victor Omoboyede
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences (SLS), Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria
- Computer-Aided therapeutic laboratory (CATL), School of Life Sciences (SLS), Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Prosper Obed Chukwuemeka
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences (SLS), Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria
- Computer-Aided therapeutic laboratory (CATL), School of Life Sciences (SLS), Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
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Zhao SH, Wang WH, Liang YC, Zhang KX, Chen K, Wang HL, Wang XQ. Research Progress of Baihe Gujin Decoction in the Treatment of Lung Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2024; 16:347-359. [PMID: 38707745 PMCID: PMC11066662 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s451657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Baihe Gujin decoction is one of the most commonly used decoction in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of lung cancer. It can nourish yin and moisten the lung as well as prevent phlegm from forming and stop coughing. On the one hand, Baihe Gujin decoction is characterized with extensive application, proven efficacy, a long history, and high safety. On the other hand, Baihe Gujin decoction can induce apoptosis of tumor cells, improve immune function and inhibit inflammation. The main anti-tumor components of this include kaempferol, quercetin, isorhamnetin, glycyrrhizin and β-sitosterol. Clinically, Baihe Gujin decoction can improve the adverse reactions caused by radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy for lung cancer, enhance the quality of life of patients, and prolong their survival time. At present, there are a large number of clinical and basic researches on the treatment of lung cancer with Baihe Gujin decoction. In this paper, we mainly discussed the treatment of lung cancer with Baihe Gujin decoction through analyzing basic and clinical researches at home and abroad in the past 20 years. Through the discussion, we aimed to probe deeper into Baihe Gujin decoction for the treatment of lung cancer, thereby providing a broader idea for clinical diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-hao Zhao
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Massage College, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-hui Wang
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Massage College, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-cong Liang
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Massage College, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai-xin Zhang
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Massage College, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kuan Chen
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Massage College, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-ling Wang
- Department of Oncology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang-qi Wang
- Department of Oncology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, People’s Republic of China
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Poustforoosh A, Faramarz S, Negahdaripour M, Tüzün B, Hashemipour H. Investigation on the mechanisms by which the herbal remedies induce anti-prostate cancer activity: uncovering the most practical natural compound. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:3349-3362. [PMID: 37194430 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2213344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most reported cancers among men worldwide. Targeting the essential proteins associated with PCa could be a promising method for cancer treatment. Traditional and herbal remedies (HRs) are the most practical approaches for PCa treatment. Here, the proteins and enzymes associated with PCa were determined based on the information obtained from the DisGeNET database. The proteins with a gene-disease association (GDA) score greater than 0.7 and the genes that have a disease specificity index (DSI) = 1 were selected as the target proteins. 28 HRs with anti-PCa activity as a traditional treatment for PCa were chosen as potential bioactive compounds. More than 500 compound-protein complexes were screened to find the top-ranked bioactives. The results were further evaluated using the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and binding free energy calculations. The outcomes revealed that procyanidin B2 3,3'-di-O-gallate (B2G2), the most active ingredient of grape seed extract (GSE), can act as an agonist for PTEN. PTEN has a key role in suppressing PCa cells by applying phosphatase activity and inhibiting cell proliferation. B2G2 exhibited a considerable binding affinity to PTEN (11.643 kcal/mol). The MD results indicated that B2G2 could stabilize the key residues of the phosphatase domain of PTEN and increase its activity. Based on the obtained results, the active ingredient of GSE, B2G2, could play an agonist role and effectively increase the phosphatase activity of PTEN. The grape seed extract is a useful nutrition that can be used in men's diets to inhibit PCa in their bodies.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Poustforoosh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sanaz Faramarz
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Manica Negahdaripour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Burak Tüzün
- Plant and Animal Production Department, Technical Sciences Vocational School of Sivas, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Hassan Hashemipour
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
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Nandi S, Nag A, Khatua S, Sen S, Chakraborty N, Naskar A, Acharya K, Calina D, Sharifi-Rad J. Anticancer activity and other biomedical properties of β-sitosterol: Bridging phytochemistry and current pharmacological evidence for future translational approaches. Phytother Res 2024; 38:592-619. [PMID: 37929761 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Sterols, including β-sitosterol, are essential components of cellular membranes in both plant and animal cells. Despite being a major phytosterol in various plant materials, comprehensive scientific knowledge regarding the properties of β-sitosterol and its potential applications is essential for scholarly pursuits and utilization purposes. β-sitosterol shares similar chemical characteristics with cholesterol and exhibits several pharmacological activities without major toxicity. This study aims to bridge the gap between phytochemistry and current pharmacological evidence of β-sitosterol, focusing on its anticancer activity and other biomedical properties. The goal is to provide a comprehensive understanding of β-sitosterol's potential for future translational approaches. A thorough examination of the literature was conducted to gather relevant information on the biological properties of β-sitosterol, particularly its anticancer therapeutic potential. Various databases were searched, including PubMed/MedLine, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science using appropriate keywords. Studies investigating the effects of β-sitosterol on different types of cancer were analyzed, focusing on mechanisms of action, pharmacological screening, and chemosensitizing properties. Modern pharmacological screening studies have revealed the potential anticancer therapeutic properties of β-sitosterol against various types of cancer, including leukemia, lung, stomach, breast, colon, ovarian, and prostate cancer. β-sitosterol has demonstrated chemosensitizing effects on cancer cells, interfering with multiple cell signaling pathways involved in proliferation, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, survival, metastasis invasion, angiogenesis, and inflammation. Structural derivatives of β-sitosterol have also shown anti-cancer effects. However, research in the field of drug delivery and the detailed mode of action of β-sitosterol-mediated anticancer activities remains limited. β-sitosterol, as a non-toxic compound with significant pharmacological potential, exhibits promising anticancer effects against various cancer types. Despite being relatively less potent than conventional cancer chemotherapeutics, β-sitosterol holds potential as a safe and effective nutraceutical against cancer. Further comprehensive studies are recommended to explore the biological properties of β-sitosterol, including its mode of action, and develop novel formulations for its potential use in cancer treatment. This review provides a foundation for future investigations and highlights the need for further research on β-sitosterol as a potent superfood in combating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeshna Nandi
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Anish Nag
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India
| | - Somanjana Khatua
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Surjit Sen
- Department of Botany, Fakir Chand College, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Arghya Naskar
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
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Abid F, Saleem M, Leghari T, Rafi I, Maqbool T, Fatima F, Arshad AM, Khurshid S, Naz S, Hadi F, Tahir M, Akhtar S, Yasir S, Mobashar A, Ashraf M. Evaluation of in vitro anticancer potential of pharmacological ethanolic plant extracts Acacia modesta and Opuntia monocantha against liver cancer cells. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e252526. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.252526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Acacia modesta (AM) and Opuntia monocantha (OM) are distributed in Pakistan, Afghanistan and India. Both of these plants have different pharmacological properties. This study was designed to evaluate anticancer potential of Acacia modesta (AM) and Opuntia monocantha (OM). Liver cancer cell line HepG2 was used for assessment of anticancer activity. For the evaluation of anti-proliferative effects, cell viability and cell death in all groups of cells were evaluated via MTT, crystal violet and trypan blue assays. For the evaluation of apoptosis ELISA of p53 performed. Furthermore, LDH assay to find out the ability of malignant cells to metabolize pyruvate to lactate and antioxidant enzymes activity (GSH, CAT and SOD) at the end HPLC was performed to find active compound of AM and OM. Cytotoxicity (MTT), Viability assays (trypan blue, crystal viability, MUSE analysis) showed more dead, less live cells in plant treated groups with increase of concentration. Scratch assay for the anti-migratory effect of these plants showed treated groups have not ability to heal scratch/wound. ELISA of p53 for cellular apoptosis showed more release of p53 in treated groups. Antioxidant assay via glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) showed less anti-oxidative potential in treated cancer groups. LDH assay showed more lactate dehydrogenase release in treated groups compared with untreated. HPLC analysis showed the presence of phytochemicals such as steroids, alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, anthraquinone and amino acids in AM and OM plant extracts. Based on all these findings, it can be concluded that ethanolic extracts of Acacia modesta and Opuntia monocantha have promising anti-cancer potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Abid
- Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan; The University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M. Saleem
- Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan; University of the Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | - I. Rafi
- University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | | - S. Naz
- University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - F. Hadi
- University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - S. Akhtar
- University of Lahore, Pakistan; University of Bradford, United Kingdom
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Qi Y, Cai JH, Deng QT, Zeng YN, Wang QH. A Study Against Colon Cancer Mechanism of Xanthium sibiricum Herba Based on Computer Simulation and Bioinformatics. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:1716-1734. [PMID: 37143277 DOI: 10.2174/1386207326666230504154304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, accounting for nearly one in six deaths in 2020. As a folk medicine, Xanthium sibiricum Herba (XSH) has been used many times in clinical practice for the treatment of various diseases. With the increasing number of cancer patients, there is a clinical need to find effective anti-cancer drugs. AIM This study aims to explores the bioactivity and the anti-cancer mechanism of XSH. METHODS In this study, bioinformatics, network pharmacology, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation techniques, and apoptosis assay were used to explore the bioactivity and the anti- cancer mechanism of XSH. RESULTS Finally, seven active ingredients in XSH after the screening were obtained, the two most active compounds were β-sitosterol and aloe-emodin, and good anti-cancer activity of XSH was predicted. DISCUSSION Four core targets were obtained from the PPI network map, namely Caspase-3 (CASP3), Transcription factor AP-1 (JUN), Myc proto-oncogene protein (MYC), and cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53). GO and KEGG analyses showed that the mechanism of XSH anti-cancer is mainly related to the apoptosis process, and the main signaling pathways are enriched in the p53 signaling pathway, Apoptosis, and MAPK signaling. The molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation results showed that CASP3, JUN, MYC, and TP53 had a high affinity with β- sitosterol and aloe-emodin. Bioinformatics analyses demonstrated the importance of core targets. Apoptosis assay showed that XSH could significantly promote the apoptosis of cancer cells, and inhibit their proliferation and migration, especially colon cancer cells. CONCLUSION This study uncovered the main active components, bioactivities, and potential targets of XSH, and further revealed the multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway mechanism of XSH for cancer treatment and promoting apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Qi
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jia-Han Cai
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qiu-Tong Deng
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuan-Ning Zeng
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of North Medicine Foundation and Application Research, Ministry of Education/Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Substances of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Medicines, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, Guangzhou, 510145, China
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McKinnie LJ, Cummins SF, Zhao M. Identification of Incomplete Annotations of Biosynthesis Pathways in Rhodophytes Using a Multi-Omics Approach. Mar Drugs 2023; 22:3. [PMID: 38276641 PMCID: PMC10817344 DOI: 10.3390/md22010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhodophytes (red algae) are an important source of natural products and are, therefore, a current research focus in terms of metabolite production. The recent increase in publicly available Rhodophyte whole genome and transcriptome assemblies provides the resources needed for in silico metabolic pathway analysis. Thus, this study aimed to create a Rhodophyte multi-omics resource, utilising both genomes and transcriptome assemblies with functional annotations to explore Rhodophyte metabolism. The genomes and transcriptomes of 72 Rhodophytes were functionally annotated and integrated with metabolic reconstruction and phylogenetic inference, orthology prediction, and gene duplication analysis to analyse their metabolic pathways. This resource was utilised via two main investigations: the identification of bioactive sterol biosynthesis pathways and the evolutionary analysis of gene duplications for known enzymes. We report that sterol pathways, including campesterol, β-sitosterol, ergocalciferol and cholesterol biosynthesis pathways, all showed incomplete annotated pathways across all Rhodophytes despite prior in vivo studies showing otherwise. Gene duplication analysis revealed high rates of duplication of halide-associated haem peroxidases in Florideophyte algae, which are involved in the biosynthesis of drug-related halogenated secondary metabolites. In summary, this research revealed trends in Rhodophyte metabolic pathways that have been under-researched and require further functional analysis. Furthermore, the high duplication of haem peroxidases and other peroxidase enzymes offers insight into the potential drug development of Rhodophyte halogenated secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan J. McKinnie
- Seaweed Research Group, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QSL 4558, Australia; (L.J.M.); (S.F.C.)
- School of Science, Technology, and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QSL 4558, Australia
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QSL 4558, Australia
| | - Scott F. Cummins
- Seaweed Research Group, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QSL 4558, Australia; (L.J.M.); (S.F.C.)
- School of Science, Technology, and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QSL 4558, Australia
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QSL 4558, Australia
| | - Min Zhao
- Seaweed Research Group, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QSL 4558, Australia; (L.J.M.); (S.F.C.)
- School of Science, Technology, and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QSL 4558, Australia
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Chen Y, Yin S, Liu R, Yang Y, Wu Q, Lin W, Li W. β-Sitosterol activates autophagy to inhibit the development of hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating the complement C5a receptor 1/alpha fetoprotein axis. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 957:175983. [PMID: 37598926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is highly refractory. β-Sitosterol has been reported to suppress proliferation and migration as well as interfere with cell metabolism in tumors. However, there is limited information on the effects of β-sitosterol on HCC. Herein, we used a xenograft mouse model to investigate the effects of β-sitosterol on HCC tumor growth. The molecular mechanism was elucidated using quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting, lentiviral transfection, CCK8, scratch, Transwell, and Ad-mCherry-GFP-LC3B assays. The results showed that HepG2 cells highly expressed complement C5a receptor 1. β-Sitosterol antagonized complement component 5a and exerted inhibitory effects on the proliferation and migration of HepG2 cells. The inhibitory effect of β-sitosterol was reversed by the knockdown of complement C5a receptor 1. Bioinformatics analysis suggested alpha fetoprotein (AFP) as a downstream factor of complement C5a receptor 1. β-Sitosterol inhibited AFP expression, which was reversed by complement C5a receptor 1 knockdown. The inhibitory effects of β-sitosterol on cell proliferation and migration were weakened by AFP overexpression. Furthermore, β-sitosterol induced autophagy in HepG2 cells, which was reversed by complement C5a receptor 1 knockdown and AFP overexpression. Blockade of autophagy by 3-MA attenuated β-sitosterol inhibition of proliferation and migration in HepG2 cells. Moreover, β-sitosterol inhibited HCC progression in vivo. Our findings demonstrate that β-sitosterol inhibits HCC advancement by activating autophagy through the complement C5a receptor 1/AFP axis. These findings recommend β-sitosterol as a promising therapy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuankun Chen
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan, Haikou 570100, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Health, Hainan Medical University, Hainan, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Song Yin
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei 230001, China; Wannan Medical College, Anhui, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan, Haikou 570100, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Health, Hainan Medical University, Hainan, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Yijun Yang
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan, Haikou 570100, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Health, Hainan Medical University, Hainan, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Qiuping Wu
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan, Haikou 570100, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Health, Hainan Medical University, Hainan, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Wenyu Lin
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Wenting Li
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan, Haikou 570100, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Health, Hainan Medical University, Hainan, Haikou 571199, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, Hefei 230022, China.
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Wang H, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Liu J, Hong L. β-Sitosterol as a Promising Anticancer Agent for Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy: Mechanisms of Action and Future Prospects. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:1085-1110. [PMID: 37247842 PMCID: PMC10509430 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the primary causes of death worldwide, and its incidence continues to increase yearly. Despite significant advances in research, the search for effective and nontoxic preventive and therapeutic agents remains greatly important. Cancer is a multimodal disease, where various mechanisms play significant roles in its occurrence and progression. This highlights the need for multitargeted approaches that are not only safe and inexpensive but also provide effective alternatives for current therapeutic regimens. β-Sitosterol (SIT), the most abundant phytosterol found in various plant foods, represents such an option. Preclinical evidence over the past few decades has overwhelmingly shown that SIT exhibits multiple anticancer activities against varied cancers, such as liver, cervical, colon, stomach, breast, lung, pancreatic, and prostate cancers, in addition to leukemia, multiple myeloma, melanoma, and fibrosarcoma. In this article, we present the latest advances and perspectives on SIT-systematically summarizing its antitumor mechanisms of action into 7 main sections and combining current challenges and prospects-for its use as a promising agent for cancer prevention and treatment. In particular, SIT plays a role in cancer prevention and treatment mainly by enhancing apoptosis, inducing cell cycle arrest, bidirectionally regulating oxidative stress, improving metabolic reprogramming, inhibiting invasion and metastasis, modulating immunity and inflammation, and combating drug resistance. Although SIT holds such great promise, the poor aqueous solubility and bioavailability coupled with low targeting efficacy limit its therapeutic efficacy and clinical application. Further research on novel drug delivery systems may improve these deficiencies. Overall, through complex and pleiotropic mechanisms, SIT has good potential for tumor chemoprevention and chemotherapy. However, no clinical trials have yet proven this potential. This review provides theoretical basis and rationality for the further design and conduct of clinical trials to confirm the anticancer activity of SIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zihui Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingchun Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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12
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Michellod D, Bien T, Birgel D, Violette M, Kleiner M, Fearn S, Zeidler C, Gruber-Vodicka HR, Dubilier N, Liebeke M. De novo phytosterol synthesis in animals. Science 2023; 380:520-526. [PMID: 37141360 PMCID: PMC11139496 DOI: 10.1126/science.add7830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Sterols are vital for nearly all eukaryotes. Their distribution differs in plants and animals, with phytosterols commonly found in plants whereas most animals are dominated by cholesterol. We show that sitosterol, a common sterol of plants, is the most abundant sterol in gutless marine annelids. Using multiomics, metabolite imaging, heterologous gene expression, and enzyme assays, we show that these animals synthesize sitosterol de novo using a noncanonical C-24 sterol methyltransferase (C24-SMT). This enzyme is essential for sitosterol synthesis in plants, but not known from most bilaterian animals. Our phylogenetic analyses revealed that C24-SMTs are present in representatives of at least five animal phyla, indicating that the synthesis of sterols common to plants is more widespread in animals than currently known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolma Michellod
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstraße 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Tanja Bien
- Institute of Hygiene, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 41, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Daniel Birgel
- Institute for Geology, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability, University of Hamburg, Bundesstraße 55, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marlene Violette
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Manuel Kleiner
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Sarah Fearn
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Zeidler
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstraße 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Nicole Dubilier
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstraße 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- MARUM, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Manuel Liebeke
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstraße 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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13
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Hanif A, Ibrahim AH, Ismail S, Al-Rawi SS, Ahmad JN, Hameed M, Mustufa G, Tanwir S. Cytotoxicity against A549 Human Lung Cancer Cell Line via the Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and Nuclear Condensation Effects of Nepeta paulsenii Briq., a Perennial Herb. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062812. [PMID: 36985784 PMCID: PMC10054104 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Nepeta belongs to the largest Lamiaceae family, with 300 species, which are distributed throughout the various regions of Africa, Asia, India, and America. Along with other plant families distinguished by their medicinal and therapeutic values, the Nepeta genus of Lameaceae remains relatively valuable. Hence, the phytochemicals of N. paulsenii Briq. were extracted using different plant parts, i.e., leaves, stem, roots, flowers, and the whole plant by using various solvents (ethanol, water, and ethyl acetate), obtaining 15 fractions. Each extract of dried plant material was analyzed by FT-IR and GC-MS to identify the chemical constituents. The cytotoxicity of each fraction was analyzed by MTT assay and mitochondrial membrane potential and nuclear condensation assays against lung cancer cells. Among the ethyl acetate and ethanolic extracts, the flowers showed the best results, with IC50 values of 51.57 μg/mL and 50.58 μg/mL, respectively. In contrast, among the water extracts of the various plant segments, the stem showed the best results, with an IC50 value of 123.80 μg/mL. 5-flourouracil was used as the standard drug, providing an IC50 value of 83.62 μg/mL. The Hoechst 33342 stain results indicated apoptotic features, i.e., chromatin dissolution and broken down, fragmented, and crescent-shaped nuclei. The ethanolic extracts of the flowers showed more pronounced apoptotic effects on the cells. The mitochondrial membrane potential indicated that rhodamine 123 fluorescence signals suppressed mitochondrial potential due to the treatment with the extracts. Again, the apoptotic index of the ethanolic extract of the flowers remained the highest. Hence it can be concluded that the flower part of N. paulsenii Briq. was found to be the most active against the A459 human lung cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Hanif
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad H Ibrahim
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, 100mt. St., Near Baz Interaction, Erbil 44001, KRG, Iraq
| | - Sidra Ismail
- Incharge Health Officer, BHU 418 GB, Faisalabad 37150, Pakistan
| | - Sawsan S Al-Rawi
- Biology Education Department, Faculty of Education, Tishk International University, 100mt. St., Near Baz Interaction, Erbil 44001, KRG, Iraq
| | - Jam Nazeer Ahmad
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mansoor Hameed
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Mustufa
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Samina Tanwir
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
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Roy AC, Prasad A, Priya K, Das P, Singh S, Ghosh C, Ghosh I. Anticancer effect of antioxidant-rich methanolic extract of Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz leaves in HepG2 and HeLa cells: A mechanistic insight. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2023.102674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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15
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Natural Bioactive Compounds Promote Cell Apoptosis in Gastric Cancer Treatment: Evidence from Network Pharmacological Study and Experimental Analysis. J CHEM-NY 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/6316589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most lethal cancers. Shenlian capsule (SLC) is a Chinese patent medicine made from 11 herbs containing numerous plant-derived compounds, and the clinical trials of SLCs confirmed that they had effective adjuvant therapy for a variety of cancer such as lung cancer and gastric cancer. Moreover, the HPLC fingerprint of SLCs was established from other research to find potential components. In this study, network pharmacology-based research was used to identify combinations with molecules, targets, and pathways to explore their interaction mechanisms. Methods. The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database and the Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Database (TCMID) were widely implemented in selecting the active chemical components of SLCs with an oral bioavailability (OB) ≥ 30% and drug-likeness (DL) ≥ 18%. In addition, the TCMSP and TCMID databases obtained the targets of SLCs, and PharmMapper (PM) was used to predict targets of SLCs. Gastric cancer-related genes were provided by the GeneCards and TTD databases. Subsequently, the drug/target/pathway network was established and visualized using Cytoscape software. Then, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) enrichment analyses were used to predict the potential genes and pathways of gastric cancer. Molecular docking was performed to study the interaction between ligands and targets; the interaction was visualized using Discovery Studio and PyMOL. Finally, the potential primary mechanism used by SLCs against gastric cancer was verified by cell experiments, including MTT cell apoptosis assay, flow cytometry cell cycle assay, and western blotting with HGC-27 cells (undifferentiated). Results. Of 213 active chemical components from SLCs, 35 primary active chemical components were identified, and 10 potential critical targets were selected from the 185 intersections of the targets of SLCs and GC, such as RAC-alpha serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1), cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53), interleukin-6 (IL6), caspase-3 (CASP3), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). GO and KEGG enrichment analysis provided the PI3K/AKT, TNF, and p53 signaling pathways, which may be the primary signaling pathways modulating gastric cancer. Molecular docking verified targets such as AKT1, TP53, EGFR, and CASP3, which exhibited satisfactory binding capacity with active ingredients. Experiments with HCG-27 cells confirmed that SLCs may provide favorable treatment for GC by promoting CASP3 and TP53 expression to induce cell apoptosis and provided the predictions for network pharmacology and molecular docking. MTT and flow cytometry assays verified that SLCs promoted cell apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation by triggering G0/G1 and S cell cycle arrest. In addition, western blot analysis confirmed that SLCs promoted TP53 and CASP3 overexpression, which led to HGC-27 gastric cell apoptosis. Conclusions. Our results confirmed that SLCs inhibit proliferation of HGC-27 gastric cell by promoting cell apoptosis and, therefore, have potential in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. P53 signaling pathway was the key pathway. In addition, quercetin, matrine, and ursolic acid might be the main active ingredients.
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Xu J, Yang L, Lin T. β-sitosterol targets glucocorticoid receptor to reduce airway inflammation and remodeling in allergic asthma. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2023; 78:102183. [PMID: 36481301 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2022.102183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In most asthma patients, symptoms are controlled by treatment with glucocorticoid, but long-term or high-dose use can produce adverse effects. Therefore, it is crucial to find new therapeutic strategies. β-sitosterol could suppress type Ⅱ inflammation in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced mice, but its mechanisms have remained unclear. METHODS A binding activity of β-sitosterol with glucocorticoid receptor (GR) was analyzed by molecular docking. Human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) and human bronchial smooth muscle cells (HBSMC) were treated with different concentrations (0, 1, 5, 10, 20, and 50 μg/mL) of β-sitosterol for suitable concentration selection. In transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 treated BEAS-2B and HBSMC, cells were treated with 20 μg/mL β-sitosterol or dexamethasone (Dex) to analyze its possible mechanism. In OVA-induced mice, 2.5 mg/kg β-sitosterol or Dex administration was performed to analyze the therapeutic mechanism of β-sitosterol. A GR antagonist RU486 was used to confirm the mechanism of β-sitosterol in the treatment of asthma. RESULTS A good binding of β-sitosterol to GR (score = -8.2 kcal/mol) was found, and the GR expression was upregulated with β-sitosterol dose increase in BEAS-2B and HBSMC. Interleukin (IL)-25 and IL-33 secretion was significantly decreased by β-sitosterol in the TGF-β1-induced BEAS-2B, and the levels of collagen 1A and α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) were reduced in the TGF-β1-induced HBSMC. In the OVA-challenged mice, β-sitosterol treatment improved airway inflammation and remodeling through suppressing type Ⅱ immune response and collagen deposition. The therapeutic effects of β-sitosterol were similar to Dex treatment in vitro and in vivo. RU486 treatment clearly hampered the therapeutic effects of β-sitosterol in the TGF-β1-induced cells and OVA-induced mice. CONCLUSION This study identified that β-sitosterol binds GR to perform its functions in asthma treatment. β-sitosterol represent a potential therapeutic drug for allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Xu
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Tiantian Lin
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, 264000, China.
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He B, Dai L, Jin L, Liu Y, Li X, Luo M, Wang Z, Kai G. Bioactive components, pharmacological effects, and drug development of traditional herbal medicine Rubus chingii Hu (Fu-Pen-Zi). Front Nutr 2023; 9:1052504. [PMID: 36698464 PMCID: PMC9868258 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1052504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Rubus chingii Hu (Chinese Raspberry), known as Fu-Pen-Zi in Chinese, a woody perennial plant of the genus Rubus in the Rosaceae family, has specific nutritional and medicinal values, which is considered food-medicine herb in China for thousands of years to treat impotence, premature ejaculation, enuresis, frequent urination, and other diseases. This review aims to summarize recent advances in the bioactive components, pharmacological effects, and drug development and utilization of Rubus chingii Hu, hoping to provide useful support for its further research and clinical application. The bioactive components in Rubus chingii Hu contain mainly terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolic acids, polysaccharides, and steroids. The main pharmacological effects are their anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor capacity on human health. Rubus chingii Hu is a very valuable food-medicine herb. The development of Rubus chingii Hu-related drugs is relatively single, which is limited to traditional Chinese medicine and prescriptions. Therefore, it is vital to pay interest to Rubus chingii Hu and its bioactive components in the future and extend its scientific application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beihui He
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linghao Dai
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Jin
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minmin Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhian Wang
- Zhejiang Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoyin Kai
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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18
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Šedbarė R, Pašakinskienė I, Janulis V. Changes in the Composition of Biologically Active Compounds during the Ripening Period in Fruit of Different Large Cranberry ( Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton) Cultivars Grown in the Lithuanian Collection. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12010202. [PMID: 36616331 PMCID: PMC9824273 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In our investigation, we evaluated the content of chlorogenic acid, proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins, flavonols, triterpenoids, and phytosterols in cranberry fruit extracts of the cultivars ‘Baifay’, ‘Early Black’, ‘Howes’, ‘Pilgrim’, ‘Red Star’, and ‘Stevens’ grown in Lithuania, as well as changes in the antioxidant activity in extracts of fruit samples of these cultivars during the period of berry maturation. The highest amount of proanthocyanidins (8.87 ± 0.57 mg EE/g EE) and flavonols (3688.52 ± 22.85 µg/g) was determined in cranberries of the cultivar ‘Howes’ harvested on 12 August. Remarkably, the highest anthocyanins content (9628.62 ± 266 µg/g) was determined in cranberries of the cultivar ‘Howes’ harvested on 22 October. The study showed that the content of phytochemical compounds in cranberries varied between 12 August and 22 October; the content of proanthocyanidins decreased by a factor of about 2, the content of chlorogenic acid decreased by a factor of about 1.3, the content of flavonols decreased by a factor of about 2, and the content of anthocyanins increased by 27 to 450 times. A strong correlation was found between the total proanthocyanidin content of cranberry fruit extracts and their in vitro antiradical and reducing activity (r = 0.781 and 0.726, respectively, p < 0.001). The data of our study detail the accumulation of the phytochemical composition of biologically active compounds in cranberry samples during the stages of maturity, therefore these data are significant for the assessment of harvest time of cranberry and can be applied to select cranberry cultivars for further cultivation in Lithuanian climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Šedbarė
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50166 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | - Valdimaras Janulis
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50166 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Guo R, Yi Z, Wang Y, Wang L. Network pharmacology and experimental validation to explore the potential mechanism of Sanjie Zhentong Capsule in endometriosis treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1110995. [PMID: 36817586 PMCID: PMC9935822 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1110995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Sanjie Zhentong Capsule (SZC) is gradually becoming widely used in the treatment of endometriosis (EMs) and has demonstrated an excellent curative effect in the clinic. However, the active components and mechanisms of Sanjie Zhentong Capsule (SZC) in the treatment of endometriosis (EMs) remain unclear, and further research is needed to explore the effects of Sanjie Zhentong Capsule (SZC). MATERIALS AND METHODS First, a drug target database of Sanjie Zhentong capsule (SZC) was established by consulting the TCMSP database and related literature. An endometriosis (EMs) disease target database was then established by consulting the GeneCards, OMIM and Drug Bank databases. The overlapping genes of SZC and EMs were determined, and protein-protein interactions (PPIs), gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Gene and Genome Encyclopedia (KEGG) analyses were performed to predict the potential therapeutic mechanisms. Molecular docking was used to observe whether the key active ingredients and targets predicted by network pharmacology had good binding energy. Finally, in vitro experiments such as CCK-8, flow cytometry and RT-PCR assays were carried out to preliminarily verify the potential mechanisms. RESULTS Through the construction of a pharmacological network, we identified a total of 28 active components in SZC and 52 potential therapeutic targets. According to GO and KEGG enrichment analyses, the effects of SZC treatment may be related to oxidative stress, steroid metabolism, apoptosis and proliferation. We also experimentally confirmed that SZC can regulate the expression of steroid hormone biosynthesis-related genes, inhibit ectopic endometrial stromal cell (EESC) proliferation and oxidative stress, and promote apoptosis. CONCLUSION This study explored the potential mechanism of SZC in the treatment of EMs through network pharmacology and experiments, providing a basis for further future research on SZC in the treatment of EMs.
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Muruthi CW, Ngugi MP, Runo SM, Mwitari PG. In Vitro Antiproliferative Effects and Phytochemical Characterization of Carissa edulis ((Forssk) Vahl) and Pappea capensis (Eckyl and Zeyh) Extracts. J Evid Based Integr Med 2023; 28:2515690X231187711. [PMID: 37489007 PMCID: PMC10387709 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x231187711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer mortality is a global concern. The current therapeutic approaches despite showing efficacy are characterized by several limitations. Search for alternatives has led to the use of herbal plants including C. edulis and P. capensis. However, there is limited research on antiproliferative effects of these medicinal plants. The study sought to evaluate antiproliferative effects of the plants against human breast and prostate cancers using cell viability, and gene expression assays to determine modulation of apoptotic genes. Further, Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometer (LC-MS) and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometer (GC-MS) analyses were performed to confirm phytocompounds in the extracts. The results indicated that ethylacetate extracts of C. edulis and P. capensis had the highest activity against cancer cells with IC50 values of 2.12 ± 0.02, and 6.57 ± 0.03 μg/ml on HCC 1395 and 2.92 ± 0.17 and 5.00 ± 0.17 μg/ml on DU145, respectively. Moreover, the plants extracts exhibited relatively less cytotoxic activities against Vero cell lines (IC50 > 20 μg/ml). The extracts also exhibit selectivity against the cancer cells (SI > 3). Further, mRNA expression of p53 in the treated HCC 1395 was increased by 7 and 3-fold, whereas by 3 and 2-fold in DU145 cells, upon treatment with ethylacetate extracts of C. edulis and P. capensis, respectively. Similarly, several-fold increases were observed in the number of transcripts of Bax in HCC 1395 and HOXB13 in DU145 cells. Phytochemical analyses detected presence of phytocompounds including flavonoids, phenolics, tocopherols and terpenoids which are associated with anticancer activity. Findings from this study provide a scientific validation for the folklore use of these plants in management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Wanjira Muruthi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology-Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mathew Piero Ngugi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology-Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Steven Maina Runo
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology-Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Peter Githaiga Mwitari
- Centre for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research-Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
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Wu C, Yu Q, Shou W, Zhang K, Li Y, Guo W, Bao Q. Identification of molecular mechanism of the anti-lung cancer effect of Jin Ning Fang using network pharmacology and its experimental verification. ALL LIFE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2022.2085813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai TCM University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiquan Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai TCM University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weizhen Shou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai TCM University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai TCM University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai TCM University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wentao Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai TCM University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Bao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai TCM University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Xie RF, Song ZY, Xu-shao LY, Huang JG, Zhao T, Yang Z. The mechanism of Bai He Gu Jin Tang against non-small cell lung cancer revealed by network pharmacology and molecular docking. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32555. [PMID: 36596057 PMCID: PMC9803515 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a leading cause of cancer-related burden and deaths, thus effective treatment strategies with lower side effects for NSCLC are urgently needed. To systematically analyze the mechanism of Bai He Gu Jin Tang (BHGJT) against NSCLC by network pharmacology and molecular docking. METHODS The active compounds of BHGJT were obtained by searching the Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Encyclopaedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Search tool for interactions of chemicals was used for acquiring the targets of BHGJT. The component-target network was mapped by Cytoscape. NSCLC-related genes were obtained by searching Genecards, DrugBank and Therapeutic Target Database. The protein-protein interaction network of intersection targets was established based on Search Tool for Recurring Instances of Neighboring Genes (STRING), and further, the therapeutic core targets were selected by topological parameters. The hub targets were transmitted to Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery for gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Finally, AutoDock Vina and MglTools were employed for molecular docking validation. RESULTS Two hundred fifty-six compounds and 237 putative targets of BHGJT-related active compounds as well as 1721potential targets of NSCLC were retrieved. Network analysis showed that 8 active compounds of BHGJT including kaempferol, quercetin, luteolin, isorhamnetin, beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol, mairin and liquiritigenin as well as 15 hub targets such as AKR1B10 and AKR1C2 contribute to the treatment of BHGJT against NSCLC. GO functional enrichment analysis shows that BHGJT could regulate many biological processes, such as apoptotic process. Three modules of the endocrine related pathways including the inflammation, hypoxia related pathways as well as the other cancer related pathways based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis might explain the biological mechanisms of BHGJT in treating BHGJT. The results of molecular docking verified that AKR1B10 and AKR1C2 had the strongest binding activity with the 8 key compounds of NSCLC. CONCLUSION Our study reveals the mechanism of BHGJT in treating NSCLC involving multiple components, multiple targets and multiple pathways. The present study laid an initial foundation for the subsequent research and clinical application of BHGJT and its active compounds against NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-fei Xie
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Hangzhou Cancer Institute, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zi-yu Song
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu-yao Xu-shao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin-ge Huang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zi Yang
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- * Correspondence: Zi Yang, The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China (e-mail: )
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Maja M, Tyteca D. Alteration of cholesterol distribution at the plasma membrane of cancer cells: From evidence to pathophysiological implication and promising therapy strategy. Front Physiol 2022; 13:999883. [PMID: 36439249 PMCID: PMC9682260 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.999883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol-enriched domains are nowadays proposed to contribute to cancer cell proliferation, survival, death and invasion, with important implications in tumor progression. They could therefore represent promising targets for new anticancer treatment. However, although diverse strategies have been developed over the years from directly targeting cholesterol membrane content/distribution to adjusting sterol intake, all approaches present more or less substantial limitations. Those data emphasize the need to optimize current strategies, to develop new specific cholesterol-targeting anticancer drugs and/or to combine them with additional strategies targeting other lipids than cholesterol. Those objectives can only be achieved if we first decipher (i) the mechanisms that govern the formation and deformation of the different types of cholesterol-enriched domains and their interplay in healthy cells; (ii) the mechanisms behind domain deregulation in cancer; (iii) the potential generalization of observations in different types of cancer; and (iv) the specificity of some alterations in cancer vs. non-cancer cells as promising strategy for anticancer therapy. In this review, we will discuss the current knowledge on the homeostasis, roles and membrane distribution of cholesterol in non-tumorigenic cells. We will then integrate documented alterations of cholesterol distribution in domains at the surface of cancer cells and the mechanisms behind their contribution in cancer processes. We shall finally provide an overview on the potential strategies developed to target those cholesterol-enriched domains in cancer therapy.
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Begum S, Jena S, Chand PK. Silver Nanocrystals Bio-Fabricated Using Rhizobium rhizogenes-Transformed In Vitro Root Extracts Demonstrate Health Proactive Properties. BIONANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-022-01040-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ni B, Song X, Shi B, Wang J, Sun Q, Wang X, Xu M, Cao L, Zhu G, Li J. Research progress of ginseng in the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1036498. [PMID: 36313365 PMCID: PMC9603756 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1036498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer has become one of the major causes of human death. Several anticancer drugs are available; howeve their use and efficacy are limited by the toxic side effects and drug resistance caused by their continuous application. Many natural products have antitumor effects with low toxicity and fewer adverse effects. Moreover, they play an important role in enhancing the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents, reducing toxic side effects, and reversing chemoresistance. Consequently, natural drugs are being applied as potential therapeutic options in the field of antitumor treatment. As natural medicinal plants, some components of ginseng have been shown to have excellent efficacy and a good safety profile for cancer treatment. The pharmacological activities and possible mechanisms of action of ginseng have been identified. Its broad range of pharmacological activities includes antitumor, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-stress, anti-fibrotic, central nervous system modulating, cardioprotective, and immune-enhancing effects. Numerous studies have also shown that throuth multiple pathways, ginseng and its active ingredients exert antitumor effects on gastrointestinal (GI) tract tumors, such as esophageal, gastric, colorectal, liver, and pancreatic cancers. Herein, we introduced the main components of ginseng, including ginsenosides, polysaccharides, and sterols, etc., and reviewed the mechanism of action and research progress of ginseng in the treatment of various GI tumors. Futhermore, the pathways of action of the main components of ginseng are discussed in depth to promote the clinical development and application of ginseng in the field of anti-GI tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyi Ni
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotong Song
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bolun Shi
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Hongqi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Qianhui Sun
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinmiao Wang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Manman Xu
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luchang Cao
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jie Li
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Li,
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Sun Y, Jiang P, Yang H, Zhang Z, Zhou Y, Li P, Zeng Q, Zhang X. Network Pharmacology-Based Analysis of the Potential Biological Mechanisms of Coix Seed against Colorectal Cancer. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:9261768. [PMID: 36248436 PMCID: PMC9560812 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9261768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to explore the potential biological mechanisms of coix seed in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) based on network pharmacology analysis. Methods The active components of coix seed and their potential action targets were retrieved from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP). The disease targets related to CRC were obtained from the DisGeNET database. The intersection targets of the drug targets and disease targets were selected, and a component-target-disease network was built using Cytoscape 3.8.0 tool. A global network of the core target protein interactions was constructed using String database. Biological function analysis and pathway enrichment analysis of core targets were conducted to explore the potential. Results A total of nine active components were obtained from the TCMSP database corresponding to 37 targets. Further analysis showed that 18 overlapping targets were associated with CRC. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis was conducted based on the 18 targets and 11 significantly enriched signaling pathways implicated in CRC were identified. Conclusion The multicomponent and multitarget characteristics of coix seed are preliminarily verified, and the potential biological mechanisms of coix seed in the treatment of CRC are predicted, which provides a theoretical basis for the experimental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Peishi Jiang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Hongjie Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Zhichun Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Yuanda Zhou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Qingsheng Zeng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Xipeng Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China
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Papathoti NK, Mendam K, Sriram Kanduri BH, Thepbandit W, Sangpueak R, Saengchan C, Hoang NH, Megavath VS, Kurakula M, Le Thanh T, Buensanteai N. Investigation of bioactive compounds from Bacillus sp. against protein homologs CDC42 of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causing anthracnose disease in cassava by using molecular docking and dynamics studies. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1010603. [PMID: 36213126 PMCID: PMC9537347 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1010603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Manihot esculenta, commonly called cassava, is an economically valuable crop and important staple food, grown in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Demand for cassava in the food and fuel industry is growing worldwide. However, anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides severely affects cassava yield and production. The bioactive molecules from Bacillus are widely used to control fungal diseases in several plants. Therefore, in this study, bioactive compounds (erucamide, behenic acid, palmitic acid, phenylacetic acid, and β-sitosterol) from Bacillus megaterium were assessed against CDC42, a key protein for virulence, from C. gloeosporioides. Structure of the CDC42 protein was generated through the comparative homology modeling method. The binding site of the ligands and the stability of the complex were analyzed through docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies, respectively. Furthermore, a protein interaction network was envisaged through the STRING database, followed by enrichment analysis in the WebGestalt tool. From the enrichment analysis, it is apparent that bioactive from B. megaterium chiefly targets the MAP kinase pathway that is essential for filamentous growth and virulence. Further exploration through experimental studies could be advantageous for cassava improvement as well as to combat against C. gloeosporioides pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Kumar Papathoti
- School of Crop Production Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Kishore Mendam
- Department of Zoology, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Open University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Wannaporn Thepbandit
- School of Crop Production Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Rungthip Sangpueak
- School of Crop Production Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Chanon Saengchan
- School of Crop Production Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Nguyen Huy Hoang
- School of Crop Production Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Vineela Sai Megavath
- Department of Biotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Nalgonda, Telangana, India
| | - Madhuri Kurakula
- Department of Biotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Nalgonda, Telangana, India
| | - Toan Le Thanh
- Department of Plant Protection, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Viet Nam
| | - Natthiya Buensanteai
- School of Crop Production Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Natthiya Buensanteai,
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Systems Network Pharmacology-Based Prediction and Analysis of Potential Targets and Pharmacological Mechanism of Actinidia chinensis Planch. Root Extract for Application in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2116006. [PMID: 36193154 PMCID: PMC9526650 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2116006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) sometimes plays a crucial role in advanced cancer treatment. Despite the significant therapeutic efficacy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that Actinidia chinensis Planch root extract (acRoots) has proven, its complex composition and underlying mechanism have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this study analyzed the multiple chemical compounds in acRoots and their targets via network pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis, with the overarching goal of revealing the potential mechanisms of the anti-HCC effect. Methods The main ingredients contained in acRoots were initially screened from the traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), and the candidate bioactive ingredient targets were identified using DrugBank and the UniProt public databases. Second, the biological processes of the targets of active molecules filtered from the ingredients of acRoots were evaluated using gene ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses. Third, weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to identify gene coexpression modules associated with HCC. The hub genes of acRoots in HCC were defined via contrasting the above module eigengenes with candidate target genes of acRoots. Furthermore, the target-pathway network was analyzed to explore the mechanism for anti-HCC effect of hub genes. Kaplan–Meier plotter database analysis was performed to validate the hub genes of acRoots correlation with prognostic values in HCC. In order to verify the results of the network pharmacological analysis, we performed a molecular docking approach on the active ingredients and key targets using the Discovery Studio software. The viability of SMMC-7721 and HL-7702 cells was determined by Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) after being treated with different concentrations of (+)-catechin (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 g/ml) for 24, 48, and 72 hours, respectively. Finally, qRT-PCR and Western blot involving human hepatocarcinoma cells were utilized to verify the impact of (+)-catechin on the hub genes associated with prognosis. Results 6 out of 26 active ingredients extracted from TCMSP were deemed as the core ingredients of acRoots. 175 bioactive-ingredient targets of acRoots were obtained and a bioactive-ingredient targets network was established correspondingly. The biological processes (BP) of target genes mainly involved processes, such as toxic substance and wounding. The results of KEGG pathways indicated that the target genes were mainly enriched in pathways in cancer, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, IL-17 signaling pathway, and other pathways. Also, the two hub genes (i.e., ESR1 and CAT) were closely associated with the prognosis of HCC patients. As a consequence, we predicated a series of signaling pathways, including estrogen signaling pathway and longevity regulation pathway, through which acRoots could facilitate the treatment for HCC. The molecular docking experiment ascertained that ESR1 and CAT had an effective binding force with (+)-catechin, one of the core ingredients of acRoots. Furthermore, (+)-catechin inhibited SMMC-7721 cell growth in a dose-dependent manner and a time-dependent manner. Finally, we suggest that the expression level of ESR1 and CAT is positively related to the (+)-catechin concentrations in in-vitro experiments. Conclusion The bioactive ingredients of acRoots, including quercetin, (+)-catechin, beta-sitosterol, and aloe-emodin, have synergistic interactions in reinforcing the anticancer effect in HCC. Evidently, acRoots took effect by regulating multitargets and multipathways through its active ingredients. Further, (+)-catechin, the possible paramount anti-HCC active ingredient in acRoots, helped improve the prognosis of HCC patients by increasing the expression of ESR1 and CAT. Additionally, the findings yielded provide a conceptual guidance for the clinical treatment of HCC and the methods adopted are potentially applicable in the future comprehensive analysis of the underlying mechanisms of TCMs.
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Kamel R, AbouSamra MM, Afifi SM, Galal AF. Phyto-emulsomes as a novel nano-carrier for morine hydrate to combat leukemia: In vitro and pharmacokinetic study. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mahmod AI, Haif SK, Kamal A, Al-Ataby IA, Talib WH. Chemoprevention effect of the Mediterranean diet on colorectal cancer: Current studies and future prospects. Front Nutr 2022; 9:924192. [PMID: 35990343 PMCID: PMC9386380 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.924192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second most deadly cancer worldwide. Nevertheless, more than 70% of CRC cases are resulted from sporadic tumorigenesis and are not inherited. Since adenoma-carcinoma development is a slow process and may take up to 20 years, diet-based chemoprevention could be an effective approach in sporadic CRC. The Mediterranean diet is an example of a healthy diet pattern that consists of a combination of nutraceuticals that prevent several chronic diseases and cancer. Many epidemiological studies have shown the correlation between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and low incidence of CRC. The goal of this review is to shed the light on the anti-inflammatory and anti-colorectal cancer potentials of the natural bioactive compounds derived from the main foods in the Mediterranean diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Ismail Mahmod
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutic, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Shatha Khaled Haif
- Department of Pharmacy, Princess Sarvath Community College, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ayah Kamal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutic, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Israa A Al-Ataby
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutic, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Wamidh H Talib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutic, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
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Khan Z, Nath N, Rauf A, Emran TB, Mitra S, Islam F, Chandran D, Barua J, Khandaker MU, Idris AM, Wilairatana P, Thiruvengadam M. Multifunctional roles and pharmacological potential of β-sitosterol: Emerging evidence toward clinical applications. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 365:110117. [PMID: 35995256 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Currently, available therapeutic medications are both costly as well as not entirely promising in terms of potency. So, new candidates from natural resources are of research interest to find new alternative therapeutics. A well-known combination is a β-sitosterol, a plant-derived nutrient with anticancer properties against breast, prostate, colon, lung, stomach, and leukemia. Studies have shown that β-sitosterol interferes with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, cardioprotective, and antidiabetic effects have been discovered during pharmacological screening without significant toxicity. The pharmacokinetic profile of β-sitosterol has also been extensively investigated. However, a comprehensive review of the pharmacology, phytochemistry and analytical methods of β-sitosterol is desired. Because β-sitosterol is a significant component of most plant materials, humans use it for various reasons, and numerous β-sitosterol-containing products have been commercialized. To offset the low efficacy of β-sitosterol, designing β-sitosterol delivery for "cancer cell-specific" therapy holds great potential. Delivery of β-sitosterol via liposomes is a demonstration that has shown great promise. But further research has not progressed on the drug delivery of β-sitosterol or how it can enhance β-sitosterol mediated anti-inflammatory activity, thus making β-sitosterol an orphan nutraceutical. Therefore, extensive research on β-sitosterol as an anticancer nutraceutical is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zidan Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Nikhil Nath
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar, 23430, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, 4381, Bangladesh; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Deepak Chandran
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 642109, India
| | - Jackie Barua
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 410 East Saint Mary Boulevard, Lafayette, LA, 70503, USA
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abubakr M Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea; Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 600077, India.
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Khan A, Sohaib M, Ullah R, Hussain I, Niaz S, Malak N, de la Fuente J, Khan A, Aguilar-Marcelino L, Alanazi AD, Ben Said M. Structure-based in silico design and in vitro acaricidal activity assessment of Acacia nilotica and Psidium guajava extracts against Sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:2901-2915. [PMID: 35972548 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07615-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Infestation by Sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi mite causes scabies in humans and mange in animals. Alternative methods for developing environmentally friendly and effective plant-based acaricides are now a priority. The purpose of this research was the in silico design and in vitro evaluation of the efficacy of ethanol extracts of Acacia nilotica and Psidium guajava plant leaves against S. scabiei. Chem-Draw ultra-software (v. 12.0.2.1076.2010) was used to draw 36 distinct compounds from these plants that were employed as ligands in docking tests against S. scabiei Aspartic protease (SsAP). With docking scores of - 6.50993 and - 6.16359, respectively, clionasterol (PubChem CID 457801) and mangiferin (PubChem CID 5281647) from A. nilotica inhibited the targeted protein SsAP, while only beta-sitosterol (PubChem CID 222284) from P. guajava interacted with the SsAP active site with a docking score of - 6.20532. Mortality in contact bioassay at concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g/ml was determined to calculate median lethal time (LT50) and median lethal concentration (LC50) values. Acacia nilotica extract had an LC50 value of 0.218 g/ml compared to P. guajava extract, which had an LC50 value of 0.829 g/ml at 6 h. These results suggest that A. nilotica extract is more effective in killing mites, and these plants may have novel acaricidal properties against S. scabiei. Further research should focus on A. nilotica as a potential substitute for clinically available acaricides against resistant mites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshan Khan
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohaib
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Rooh Ullah
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Imdad Hussain
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Niaz
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Nosheen Malak
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - José de la Fuente
- SaBio. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Adil Khan
- Department of Zoology, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Liliana Aguilar-Marcelino
- National Center for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Safety (INIFAP), Km 11 Federal Road Cuernavaca-Cuautla, 62550, Jiutepec, Morelos, México
| | - Abdullah D Alanazi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, 1040 Ad-Dawadimi, 11911, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mourad Ben Said
- Department of Basic Sciences, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, 2010, Manouba, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Microbiology, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, 2010, Manouba, Tunisia
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Afzal O, Akhter MH, Ahmad I, Muzammil K, Dawria A, Zeyaullah M, Altamimi ASA, Khalilullah H, Mir Najib Ullah SN, Rahman MA, Ali A, Shahzad N, Jaremko M, Emwas AH, Abdel Aziz Ibrahim I. A β-Sitosterol Encapsulated Biocompatible Alginate/Chitosan Polymer Nanocomposite for the Treatment of Breast Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081711. [PMID: 36015337 PMCID: PMC9416187 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
β−sitosterol is the most abundant type of phytosterol or plant sterol and can be found in various plant dietary sources including natural oils, soy products, and nuts. Numerous studies have demonstrated the potential therapeutic and clinical applications of β−sitosterol including lowering low-density lipoprotein and cholesterol levels, scavenging free radicals in the body, and interestingly, treating and preventing cancer. This study focuses on synthesizing and characterizing β−sitosterol encapsulated Alginate/Chitosan nanoparticles (β−sito−Alg/Ch/NPs) and evaluating their effectiveness in breast cancer treatment and their pharmacokinetic profile in vivo. The synthesized NPs, which incurred a mean size of 25 ± 1 nm, were extensively characterized in vitro for various parameters including surface charge and morphology. The NPs were further analyzed using DSC, FT-IR, thermogravimetry and X-ray diffraction studies. The release of β−sito from NPs was carried out in a bio-relevant medium of pH 7.4 and pH 5.5 and samples were drawn off and analyzed under time frames of 0, 8, 16, 32, 64, 48, 80, and 96 h, and the best kinetic release model was developed after fitting drug release data into different kinetic models. The metabolic activity of MCF-7 cells treated with the prepared formulation was assessed. The radical scavenging potential of β−sito−Alg/Ch/NPs was also studied. The pharmacokinetic parameters including Cmax, Tmax, half-life (t1/2), and bioavailability were measured for β−sito−Alg/Ch/NPs as compared to β−sito−suspension. The β−sito−Alg/Ch/NPs stability was assessed at biological pH 7.4. The % drug release in PBS of pH 7.4 reportedly has shown 41 ± 6% vs. 11 ± 1% from β−sito−Alg/Ch/NPs and β−sito−suspension. In acidic pH 5.5 mimicking the tumor microenvironment has shown 75 ± 9% vs. 12 ± 4% drug release from β−sito−Alg/Ch/NPs and β−sito−suspension. When compared to the β−sito−suspension, the β−sito−Alg/Ch/NPs demonstrated greater cytotoxicity (p < 0.05) and ~3.41-fold higher oral bioavailability. Interestingly, this work demonstrated that β−sito−Alg/Ch/NPs showed higher cytotoxicity due to improved bioavailability and antioxidant potential compared to the β−sito−suspension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Habban Akhter
- School of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics (SoPPHI), DIT University, Dehradun 248009, India
- Correspondence:
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 62521, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khursheed Muzammil
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushait Campus, King Khalid University, Abha 62521, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adam Dawria
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushait Campus, King Khalid University, Abha 62521, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Zeyaullah
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushait Campus, King Khalid University, Abha 62521, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmalik S. A. Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Habibullah Khalilullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammad Akhlaquer Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abuzer Ali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naiyer Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Abdel Aziz Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
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Wang KN, Hu Y, Han LL, Zhao SS, Song C, Sun SW, Lv HY, Jiang NN, Xv LZ, Zhao ZW, Li M. Salvia chinensis Benth Inhibits Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Progression by Inducing the DNA Damage Pathway. Front Oncol 2022; 12:882784. [PMID: 36033499 PMCID: PMC9404549 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.882784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is distinguished by early recurrence and metastases, a high proclivity for treatment resistance, and a lack of targeted medicines, highlighting the importance of developing innovative therapeutic techniques. Salvia chinensis Benth (SCH) has been widely studied for its anticancer properties in a variety of cancers. However, its significance in TNBC treatment is rarely discussed. Our study investigated the anticancer effect of SCH on TNBC and the underlying mechanisms.MethodsFirst, we used clonogenic, cell viability, flow cytometry, and Transwell assays to assess the effect of SCH on TNBC. Bioinformatic studies, especially network pharmacology-based analysis and RNA sequencing analysis, were performed to investigate the constituents of SCH and its molecular mechanisms in the suppression of TNBC. High-performance liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography were used to identify two major components, quercetin and β-sitosterol. Then, we discovered the synergistic cytotoxicity of quercetin and β-sitosterol and assessed their synergistic prevention of cell migration and invasion. Breast cancer xenografts were also created using MDA-MB-231 cells to test the synergistic therapeutic impact of quercetin and β-sitosterol on TNBC in vivo. The impact on the DNA damage and repair pathways was investigated using the comet assay and Western blot analysis.ResultsOur findings showed that SCH decreased TNBC cell growth, migration, and invasion while also inducing cell death. We identified quercetin and β-sitosterol as the core active components of SCH based on a network pharmacology study. According to RNA sequencing research, the p53 signaling pathway is also regarded as a critical biological mechanism of SCH treatment. The comet assay consistently showed that SCH significantly increased DNA damage in TNBC cells. Our in vivo and in vitro data revealed that the combination of quercetin and β-sitosterol induced synergistic cytotoxicity and DNA damage in TNBC cells. In particular, SCH particularly blocked the inter-strand cross-link repair mechanism and the double-strand breach repair caused by the homologous recombination pathway, in addition to inducing DNA damage. Treatment with quercetin and β-sitosterol produced similar outcomes.ConclusionThe current study provides novel insight into the previously unknown therapeutic potential of SCH as a DNA-damaging agent in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-nan Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ye Hu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lin-lin Han
- Health Management Center, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shan-shan Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chen Song
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Si-wen Sun
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hui-yun Lv
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ni-na Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ling-zhi Xv
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Ling-zhi Xv, ; Zuo-wei Zhao, ; Man Li,
| | - Zuo-wei Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Ling-zhi Xv, ; Zuo-wei Zhao, ; Man Li,
| | - Man Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Ling-zhi Xv, ; Zuo-wei Zhao, ; Man Li,
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Liu H, Hu Y, Qi B, Yan C, Wang L, Zhang Y, Chen L. Network pharmacology and molecular docking to elucidate the mechanism of pulsatilla decoction in the treatment of colon cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:940508. [PMID: 36003525 PMCID: PMC9393233 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.940508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Colon cancer is a malignant neoplastic disease that seriously endangers the health of patients. Pulsatilla decoction (PD) has some therapeutic effects on colon cancer. This study is based on the analytical methods of network pharmacology and molecular docking to study the mechanism of PD in the treatment of colon cancer. Methods: Based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database, the main targets and active ingredients in PD were filtered, and then, the colon cancer-related targets were screened using Genecards, OMIM, PharmGKB, and Drugbank databases. Then, the screened drug and disease targets were Venn analyzed to obtain the intersection targets. Cytoscape software was used to construct the “Components–Targets–Pathway” map, and the String database was used to analyze the protein interaction network of the intersecting targets and screen the core targets, and then, the core targets were analyzed using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses. Molecular docking was implemented using AutoDockTools to predict the binding capacity for the core targets and the active components in PD. Results: Sixty-five ingredients containing 188 nonrepetitive targets were screened and 180 potential targets of PD anticolon cancer were identified, including 10 core targets, namely, MAPK1, JUN, AKT1, TP53, TNF, RELA, MAPK14, CXCL8, ESR1, and FOS. The results of GO analysis showed that PD anticolon cancer may be related to cell proliferation, apoptosis, energy metabolism, immune regulation, signal transduction, and other biological processes. The results of KEGG analysis indicated that the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, proteoglycans in cancer, IL-17 signaling pathway, cellular senescence, and TNF signaling pathway were mainly involved in the regulation of tumor cells. We further selected core targets with high degree values as receptor proteins for molecular docking with the main active ingredients of the drug, including MAPK1, JUN, and AKT1. The docking results showed good affinity, especially quercetin. Conclusion: This study preliminarily verified that PD may exert its effect on the treatment of colon cancer through multi-ingredients, multitargets, and multipathways. This will deepen our understanding of the potential mechanisms of PD anticolon cancer and establish a foundation for further basic experimental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yuting Hu
- College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
- *Correspondence: Yuting Hu, ; Liang Chen,
| | - Baoyu Qi
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Chengqiu Yan
- Anorectal Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Anorectal Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yuting Hu, ; Liang Chen,
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Si X, Wang Y, Song BN, Zhang Y, Yang QX, Li Z, Luo YP, Duan YQ, Ma X, Zhang YY. Potential Chemoprevention of Paeoniflorin in Colitis-associated Colorectal Cancer by Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and In Vivo Experiment. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200295. [PMID: 35841592 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation plays a positive role in the development and progression of colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). Medicinal plants and their extracts with anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties may be an effective treatment and prevention strategy for CAC. This research aimed to explore the potential chemoprevention of paeoniflorin (PF) for CAC by network pharmacology, molecular docking technology, and in vivo experiments. The results showed that interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a key target of PF against CAC. In the CAC mouse model, PF increased the survival rate of mice and decreased the number and size of colon tumors. Moreover, reduced histological score of colitis and expression of Ki-67 and PCNA were observed in PF-treated mice. In addition, the chemoprevention mechanisms of PF in CAC may be associated with suppression of the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway and the IL-17 level. This research provides experimental evidence of potential chemoprevention strategies for CAC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Si
- Lanzhou University, Department of Immunology, 199 West Donggang Road, 730000, lanzhou, CHINA
| | - Yan Wang
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, 35 East Dingxi Road, lanzhou, CHINA
| | - Bo-Ni Song
- Lanzhou University of Technology, School of Life Science and Engineering, 287 LanGongPing Road, lanzhou, CHINA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Lanzhou University, Department of Immunology, 199 West Donggang Road, lanzhou, CHINA
| | - Qing-Xia Yang
- Lanzhou University, Department of Immunology, 199 West Donggang Road, lanzhou, CHINA
| | - Zhi Li
- Lanzhou University, Department of Immunology, 199 West Donggang Road, lanzhou, CHINA
| | - Yan-Ping Luo
- Lanzhou University, Department of Immunology, 199 West Donggang Road, lanzhou, CHINA
| | - Yong-Qiang Duan
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, 35 East Dingxi Road, lanzhou, CHINA
| | - Xingming Ma
- Lanzhou University, Department of Immunology, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou 730030, P. R. China, 730000, lanzhou, CHINA
| | - Yan-Ying Zhang
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Scientific Research and Experimental Center, 35 East Dingxi Road, lanzhou, CHINA
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De La Cruz-Jiménez L, Hernández-Torres MA, Monroy-García IN, Rivas-Morales C, Verde-Star MJ, Gonzalez-Villasana V, Viveros-Valdez E. Biological Activities of Seven Medicinal Plants Used in Chiapas, Mexico. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1790. [PMID: 35890424 PMCID: PMC9316193 DOI: 10.3390/plants11141790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Seven medicinal plants from Chiapas, Mexico, used by Native Americans were analyzed, aiming to improve the understanding of their medicinal properties through the evaluation of various biological activities, i.e., bactericidal, antioxidant, α-glucosidase inhibition, and toxicity, to provide a scientific basis for the management of infectious and hyperglycemic diseases in the Mexican southeast. Plant extracts were obtained from Cordia dodecandra, Gaultheria odorata, Heliotropium angiospermum, Justicia spicigera, Leucaena collinsii spp. collinsii, Tagetes nelsonii, and Talisia oliviformis through maceration techniques using methanol and chloroform (1:1). Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was employed to determine the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter faecalis, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeuroginosa. The antiradical/antioxidant activity was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays and antihemolytic activity using the 2,2’-Azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride radical (APPH). The anti-α-glucosidase activity was evaluated in vitro through the chromogenic PNPG assay. The toxicity was assessed using the brine shrimp lethality assay. The highest antimicrobial activity was displayed by T. nelsonii, mainly against E. faecalis and P. aeuroginosa. The extracts of L. collinsii, J. spicigera, and T. nelsonii possess antioxidant properties with EC50 < 50 μg/mL. J. spicigera and T. nelsonii extracts showed the highest antihemolytic activity with IC50 < 14 μg/mL. T. nelsonii exhibited a remarkable inhibitor effect on the α-glucosidase enzyme and the greatest toxic effect on Artemia salina with IC50 = 193 ± 20 μg/mL and LD50 = 14 ± 1 μg/mL, respectively. According to our results, G. odorata, J. spicigera, T. nelsonii, and T. oliviformis extracts contained active antimicrobial compounds. At the same time, T. nelsonii stands to be a possible source of effective antineoplastic and antihyperglycemic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana De La Cruz-Jiménez
- Department of Chemistry, College of Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Pedro de Alba S/N, San Nicolás de los Garza 66450, Nuevo León, Mexico; (L.D.L.C.-J.); (M.A.H.-T.); (I.N.M.-G.); (C.R.-M.); (M.J.V.-S.)
| | - Mario Alberto Hernández-Torres
- Department of Chemistry, College of Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Pedro de Alba S/N, San Nicolás de los Garza 66450, Nuevo León, Mexico; (L.D.L.C.-J.); (M.A.H.-T.); (I.N.M.-G.); (C.R.-M.); (M.J.V.-S.)
| | - Imelda N. Monroy-García
- Department of Chemistry, College of Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Pedro de Alba S/N, San Nicolás de los Garza 66450, Nuevo León, Mexico; (L.D.L.C.-J.); (M.A.H.-T.); (I.N.M.-G.); (C.R.-M.); (M.J.V.-S.)
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instiuto Tecnológico de Los Mochis, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica, Juan de Dios Bátiz y 20 de Noviembre, Los Mochis 81259, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Catalina Rivas-Morales
- Department of Chemistry, College of Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Pedro de Alba S/N, San Nicolás de los Garza 66450, Nuevo León, Mexico; (L.D.L.C.-J.); (M.A.H.-T.); (I.N.M.-G.); (C.R.-M.); (M.J.V.-S.)
| | - María Julia Verde-Star
- Department of Chemistry, College of Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Pedro de Alba S/N, San Nicolás de los Garza 66450, Nuevo León, Mexico; (L.D.L.C.-J.); (M.A.H.-T.); (I.N.M.-G.); (C.R.-M.); (M.J.V.-S.)
| | - Vianey Gonzalez-Villasana
- Department of Cellular Biology and Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Pedro de Alba S/N, San Nicolás de los Garza 66450, Nuevo León, Mexico;
| | - Ezequiel Viveros-Valdez
- Department of Chemistry, College of Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Pedro de Alba S/N, San Nicolás de los Garza 66450, Nuevo León, Mexico; (L.D.L.C.-J.); (M.A.H.-T.); (I.N.M.-G.); (C.R.-M.); (M.J.V.-S.)
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Wang W, Gu W, He C, Zhang T, Shen Y, Pu Y. Bioactive components of Banxia Xiexin Decoction for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases based on flavor-oriented analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 291:115085. [PMID: 35150814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Banxia Xiexin Decoction (BXD) was first recorded in a Chinese medical classic, Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Miscellaneous Diseases, which was written in the Eastern Han dynasty of China. This ancient prescription consists of seven kinds of Chinese herbal medicine, namely, Pinellia ternata, Rhizoma Coptidis, Radix scutellariae, Rhizoma Zingiberis, Ginseng, Jujube, and Radix Glycyrrhizaepreparata. In clinic practice, its original application in China mainly has focused on the treatment of chronic gastritis for several hundred years. BXD is also effective in treating other gastrointestinal diseases (GIDs) in modern medical application. Despite available literature support and clinical experience, the treatment mechanisms or their relationships with the bioactive compounds in BXD responsible for its pharmacological actions, still need further explorations in more diversified channels. According to the analysis based on the five-flavor theory of TCM, BXD is traditionally viewed as the most representative prescription for pungent-dispersion, bitter-purgation and sweet-tonification. Consequently, based on the flavor-oriented analysis, the compositive herbs in BXD can be divided into three flavor groups, namely, the pungent, bitter, and sweet groups, each of which has specific active ingredients that are possibly relevant to GID treatment. AIM OF THE REVIEW This paper summarized recent literatures on BXD and its bioactive components used in GID treatment, and provided the pharmacological or chemical basis for the further exploration of the ancient prescription and the relative components. METHOD ology: Relevant literature was collected from various electronic databases such as Pubmed, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Citations were based on peer-reviewed articles published in English or Chinese during the last decade. RESULTS Multiple components were found in the pungent, bitter, and sweet groups in BXD. The corresponding bioactive components include gingerol, shogaol, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol in the pungent group; berberine, palmatine, coptisine, baicalein, and baicalin in the bitter group; and ginsenosides, polysaccharides, liquiritin, and glycyrrhetinic acid in the sweet group. These components have been found directly or indirectly responsible for the remarkable effects of BXD on GID. CONCLUSION This review provided some valuable reference to further clarify BXD treatment for GID and their possible material basis, based on the perspective of the flavor-oriented analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Experiment Center of Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Weiliang Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chao He
- Experiment Center of Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yao Shen
- Shanghai Center of Biomedicine Development, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yiqiong Pu
- Experiment Center of Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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He S, He S, Chen Y, Jin X, Mei W, Lu Q. Beta-Sitosterol Modulates the Migration of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells via the PPARG/AMPK/mTOR Pathway. Pharmacology 2022; 107:495-509. [PMID: 35679828 DOI: 10.1159/000525218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The increased migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is an essential pathological factor in the early development of atherosclerosis. Beta-sitosterol (BS), a natural phytosterol abundant in plant seeds, exhibits various bioactivities, including cardioprotective effects. However, its effects on VSMC migration and underlying mechanisms remain to be explored. METHOD AND RESULT BS inhibited the proliferation and migration of angiotensin II-induced A7r5 cells and reduced intracellular oxidative stress. Targets related to VSMC migration and the targets of BS were screened, cross-referenced, and analyzed by network pharmacology combined with molecular docking technology. The identified targets were verified at the protein and gene levels using Western blotting and quantitative PCR, respectively. BS was observed to activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARG) and adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and negatively regulate mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) expression. Furthermore, a PPARG inhibitor reversed the BS-induced activation of AMPK and mTOR. CONCLUSION This study indicated that regulation of the PPARG/AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway could potentially contribute to the inhibitory effects of BS on angiotensin II-induced VSMC migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumiao He
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China,
| | - Siqing He
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuankun Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobao Jin
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Mei
- Guangdong Province Engineering and Technology Center for Molecular Probe and Bio-medicine Imaging, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qun Lu
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Engineering and Technology Center for Molecular Probe and Bio-medicine Imaging, Guangzhou, China
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Qin C, Wu M, Wang X, Zhang W, Qi G, Wu NY, Liu X, Lu Y, Zhang J, Chai Y. Study on the mechanism of Danshen-Guizhi drug pair in the treatment of ovarian cancer based on network pharmacology and in vitro experiment. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13148. [PMID: 35411258 PMCID: PMC8994495 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Our study aims to explore the active components and mechanisms of the Danshen-Guizhi drug pair in treating ovarian cancer by network pharmacology and in vitro experiment. The "component-target-pathway" diagram of the Danshen-Guizhi drug pair was established by network pharmacology, and the effective active components, important targets as well as potential mechanisms of the Danshen-Guizhi drug pair were analyzed. The predicted results were verified by molecular docking and in vitro experiments. The main active components of the Danshen-Guizhi drug pair in the treatment of ovarian cancer are salviolone, luteolin, β-sitosterol and tanshinone IIA. The main core target is PTGS2. The pathways involved mainly include the cancer pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and IL-17 signaling pathway. The molecular docking results showed that salviolone and tanshinone IIA had good binding ability to the target. The expression of PTGS2 mRNA and PGE2 in ovarian cells were significantly inhibited by salviolone. The mechanism of the Danshen-Guizhi drug pair in the treatment of ovarian cancer may be regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis and tumor immunity. This provides a theoretical basis for the clinical development and application of the Danshen-Guizhi drug pair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongzhen Qin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Menglin Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenda Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guangzhao Qi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Na-Yi Wu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoting Liu
- The Second People’s Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Yaoyao Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingmin Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuna Chai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Abeesh P, Guruvayoorappan C. Preparation and characterization of beta sitosterol encapsulated nanoliposomal formulation for improved delivery to cancer cells and evaluation of its anti-tumor activities against Daltons Lymphoma Ascites tumor models. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Pathak K, Pathak MP, Saikia R, Gogoi U, Sahariah JJ, Zothantluanga JH, Samanta A, Das A. Cancer Chemotherapy via Natural Bioactive Compounds. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2022; 19:e310322202888. [PMID: 35362385 DOI: 10.2174/1570163819666220331095744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-induced mortality is increasingly prevalent globally which skyrocketed the necessity to discover new/novel safe and effective anticancer drugs. Cancer is characterized by the continuous multiplication of cells in the human which is unable to control. Scientific research is drawing its attention towards naturally-derived bioactive compounds as they have fewer side effects compared to the current synthetic drugs used for chemotherapy. OBJECTIVE Drugs isolated from natural sources and their role in the manipulation of epigenetic markers in cancer are discussed briefly in this review article. METHODS With advancing medicinal plant biotechnology and microbiology in the past century, several anticancer phytomedicines were developed. Modern pharmacopeia contains at least 25% herbal-based remedy including clinically used anticancer drugs. These drugs mainly include the podophyllotoxin derivatives vinca alkaloids, curcumin, mistletoe plant extracts, taxanes, camptothecin, combretastatin, and others including colchicine, artesunate, homoharringtonine, ellipticine, roscovitine, maytanasin, tapsigargin,andbruceantin. RESULTS Compounds (psammaplin, didemnin, dolastin, ecteinascidin,and halichondrin) isolated from marine sources and animals such as microalgae, cyanobacteria, heterotrophic bacteria, invertebrates. They have been evaluated for their anticancer activity on cells and experimental animal models and used chemotherapy.Drug induced manipulation of epigenetic markers plays an important role in the treatment of cancer. CONCLUSION The development of a new drug from isolated bioactive compounds of plant sources has been a feasible way to lower the toxicity and increase their effectiveness against cancer. Potential anticancer therapeutic leads obtained from various ethnomedicinal plants, foods, marine, and microorganisms are showing effective yet realistically safe pharmacological activity. This review will highlight important plant-based bioactive compounds like curcumin, stilbenes, terpenes, other polyphenolic phyto-compounds, and structurally related families that are used to prevent/ ameliorate cancer. However, a contribution from all possible fields of science is still a prerequisite for discovering safe and effective anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani Pathak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786004, Assam, India
| | - Manash Pratim Pathak
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Assam down town University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati-781026, Assam, India
| | - Riya Saikia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786004, Assam, India
| | - Urvashee Gogoi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786004, Assam, India
| | - Jon Jyoti Sahariah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786004, Assam, India
| | - James H Zothantluanga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786004, Assam, India
| | - Abhishek Samanta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786004, Assam, India
| | - Aparoop Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786004, Assam, India
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Raj S, Jayaraj R, Kodiveri Muthukaliannan G. Chemical Profiling and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anticancer Potential of Tuber Crop Amorphophallus commutatus var. wayanadensis. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 77:68-76. [PMID: 34977995 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-021-00942-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cancer and cancer-related diseases are a global health concern in the present scenario. Functional food and nutraceuticals are considered as a boon towards cancer management. Amorphophallus commutatus var. wayanadensis (ACW) is an herbaceous plant used by the local communities of Wayanad, India, for food and primary healthcare. Various radical scavenging and reducing power assays were undertaken to evaluate the antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of ACW (MEAC). In vitro anticancer activity was evaluated against HT-29 cell line by MTT assay, morphological analysis, DNA fragmentation assay and cell cycle analysis. Caspase and COX-2 enzyme assays were conducted to examine the underlying mechanism. Studies on Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) transplanted mice models was carried out to evaluate the in-vivo antioxidant and anticancer potential of MEAC. The major bioactive nutraceutical compound present in MEAC was isolated by bioactivity-guided fractionation. MEAC showed significant in vitro antioxidant activity. Further, MEAC promoted cytotoxicity against HT-29 cells by activating caspase-3 dependent apoptotic pathway with a cell cycle arrest at the G1/S phase and subsequent down regulation of COX-2 pathway. The potential antitumor activity of MEAC was further confirmed in EAC tumor bearing mice models in which treatment with MEAC increased the levels of antioxidant enzymes, improved the hematological profile towards normal and also augmented the life span of tumor bearing mice. β-sitosterol isolated from ACW induces anticancer activity via caspase-dependent pathway. Our study confirmed the antioxidant and anticancer activities of ACW, which proposes the medicinal importance of this plant as a preventive and supportive therapy for arising tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreena Raj
- School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Rama Jayaraj
- Northern Territory Institute of Research and Technology, Darwin, Australia
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Zhou M, Li J, Luo D, Zhang H, Yu Z, Chen Y, Li Q, Liang F, Chen R. Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking-Based Investigation: Prunus mume Against Colorectal Cancer via Silencing RelA Expression. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:761980. [PMID: 34867383 PMCID: PMC8640358 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.761980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most pervasive cancers in the human disease spectrum worldwide, ranked the second most common cause of cancer death by the end of 2020. Prunus mume (PM) is an essential traditional Chinese medicine for the adjuvant treatment of solid tumors, including CRC. In the current study, we utilize means of network pharmacology, molecular docking, and multilayer experimental verification to research mechanism. The five bioactive compounds and a total of eight critical differentially expressed genes are screened out using the bioinformatics approaches of Cytoscape software, String database, Gene Ontology analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, and molecular docking. RelA has been proven to be highly expressed in CRC. Experiments in vitro have shown that kaempferol, the main active component of PM, dramatically inhibited the growth, migration, and invasion of CRC cells, and experiments in vivo have shown that PM effectively delays CRC formation and improves the survival cycle of mice. Further analysis shows that PM inhibits the CRC progression by down-regulating the expression level of RelA, Bax, caspase 3, caspase 9, and EGFR in CRC. PM and its extract are potentially effective therapeutics for the treatment of CRC via the RelA/nuclear factor κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minfeng Zhou
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinxiao Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wuhan First Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haiming Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaomin Yu
- Department of Oncology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Youlin Chen
- School of Resources and Environment Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiumeng Li
- Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Fengxia Liang
- College of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Orthopaedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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ER-Mitochondria Calcium Flux by β-Sitosterol Promotes Cell Death in Ovarian Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101583. [PMID: 34679718 PMCID: PMC8533280 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytosterols, which are derived from plants, have various beneficial physiological effects, including anti-hypercholesterolemic, anti-inflammatory, and antifungal activities. The anticancer activities of natural products have attracted great attention, being associated with a low risk of side effects and not inducing antineoplastic resistance. β-sitosterol, a phytosterol, has been reported to have anticancer effects against fibrosarcoma and colon, breast, lung, and prostate cancer. However, there are no reports of its activity against ovarian cancer. Therefore, we investigated whether β-sitosterol shows anticancer effects against ovarian cancer using human ovarian cancer cell lines. We confirmed that β-sitosterol induced the apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells and suppressed their proliferation. It triggered pro-apoptosis signals and the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, enhanced the generation of reactive oxygen species and calcium influx through the endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria axis, and altered signaling pathways in human ovarian cancer cells. In addition, we observed inhibition of cell aggregation, suppression of cell growth, and decreased cell migration in ovarian cancer cells treated with β-sitosterol. Further, our data obtained using ovarian cancer cells showed that, in combination with standard anti-cancer drugs, β-sitosterol demonstrated synergistic anti-cancer effects. Thus, our study suggests that β-sitosterol may exert anti-cancer effects against ovarian cancer in humans.
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Jabbar AA. Onosma mutabilis: Phytochemical composition, antioxidant, cytotoxicity, and acute oral toxicity. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:5755-5764. [PMID: 34646543 PMCID: PMC8498047 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The traditional use of Onosma L. species as a remedy motivated scientists to discover great biological/pharmacological potentials in this plant. In the current study, in addition to the phytochemical composition of methanol (MeOH), water, and ethyl acetate extract of aerial parts of Onosma mutabilis Boiss., an endemic plant species in the flora of Kurdistan, Iraq, in vitro antioxidant, cytotoxicity, and oral toxicity activity were investigated. Results of total phenolic and total flavonoid tests show the MeOH extract superiority, and the results of Gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometer(GS/GS-MS) show 18 chemical compounds in the MeOH extract, and the majority of the detected compounds were alkaloids (78.77%) and steroids (11.48%), namely as 5,8-dihydroxy-2-(4-methylpent-3-enyl) naphthalene-1,4-dione (48.60%), 3-O-Methyl-d-glucose (27.49%), β-Sitosterol (6.81%), Phenol, 2,4-bis (1,1-dimethyl ethyl)-, phosphite (3.46%), and 24,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol (3.14%). Results of the antioxidant tests show the MeOH extract superiority in the phosphomolybdenum assay, radical scavenging [on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS)] assays, and reducing power [cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)] assays (1.45, 3.54, 2.33, 1.12, 1.62, mg/ml, respectively). The cytotoxicity results of the plant extract are presented as IC50 (inhibitory concentration at 50%) on the prostate cancer cells (DU-145), mammary cancer cells (MCF-7), and human cervix carcinoma (Hep2c), at which values ranged from 28.79 to 41.83 μg/ml. Results of the acute toxicity in the dose-dependent trail (100, 200, 300, 600 mg/kg of MeOH) show the absence of the behavior and appearance changes of female Wister rats. Overall, O. mutabilis extract exhibited significant natural potentials probably because of its polar phytochemicals, which could be an alternative source for remedial, nutrient, and cosmetic manufacture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Aj. Jabbar
- Department of Medical Laboratory TechnologyErbil Technical Health CollegeErbil Polytechnic UniversityErbilIraq
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Izuegbuna O, Otunola GA, Bradley G. GC-MS Profiling and Antineoplastic Activity of Pelargonium Inquinans Ait Leaves on Acute Leukaemia Cell Lines U937 and Jurkat. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:1849-1871. [PMID: 34477039 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1969417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the antineoplastic activities of extracts of Pelargonium inquinans leaves, a plant native to South Africa on acute leukemia cell lines, U937 and Jurkat and the inflammatory effect (nitric oxide and cyclo-oxygenase-2) on RAW 264.7 cells. The extracts of Pelargonium inquinans have significant cytotoxicity especially on U937 cells and pro-inflammatory release of nitric oxide on RAW 264.7 macrophages. The GC-MS study of the essential oil showed it had more than a hundred compounds. This study showed that Pelargonium inquinans have antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities which can be further explored in In Vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ogochukwu Izuegbuna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science & Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Gloria A Otunola
- Medicinal Plant and Economic Development (MPED), Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Graeme Bradley
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science & Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
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Azoxymethane Alters the Plasma Metabolome to a Greater Extent in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet Compared to an AIN-93 Diet. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11070448. [PMID: 34357342 PMCID: PMC8307161 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11070448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) links obesity to colon cancer in humans. Our data show that a HFD (45% energy fat versus 16% energy fat in an AIN-93 diet (AIN)) promotes azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) formation in a mouse cancer model. However, the underlying metabolic basis remains to be determined. In the present study, we hypothesize that AOM treatment results in different plasma metabolomic responses in diet-induced obese mice. An untargeted metabolomic analysis was performed on the plasma samples by gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS). We found that 53 of 144 identified metabolites were different between the 4 groups of mice (AIN, AIN + AOM, HFD, HFD + AOM), and sparse partial least-squares discriminant analysis showed a separation between the HFD and HFD + AOM groups but not the AIN and AIN + AOM groups. Moreover, the concentrations of dihydrocholesterol and cholesterol were inversely associated with AOM-induced colonic ACF formation. Functional pathway analyses indicated that diets and AOM-induced colonic ACF modulated five metabolic pathways. Collectively, in addition to differential plasma metabolomic responses, AOM treatment decreases dihydrocholesterol and cholesterol levels and alters the composition of plasma metabolome to a greater extent in mice fed a HFD compared to the AIN.
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Cao B, Lin J, Wu Z, Liu H, Zhang D, Xu H, Xu R, Han L. Mechanisms exploration of Xiaojin Pills on lung cancer based on metabolomics and network pharmacology. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:1071-1079. [PMID: 33864464 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was designed to evaluate the pharmacological activity and therapeutic mechanism of Xiaojin Pills (XJW) on lung cancer. METHODS Mice were orally administered with Xiaojin Pills for 21 days. Tumour samples were collected to evaluate the antilung cancer effect, and blood samples were collected to identify differential metabolites with metabolomics. Through the analysis of network pharmacology, the active ingredients and targets related to XJW therapy for lung cancer were filtered. KEY FINDINGS Different expression of seven metabolites related to seven pathways, including Arachidonic acid metabolism, Citrate cycle, tryptophan metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, were demonstrated to explain the efficacy of XJW in the treatment of lung cancer. Furthermore, a total of 19 active ingredients (ursolic acid, α-thujone, pelargonidin, succinic acid, boswellic acid, muscone, daidzein, xanthorrhizol, isoeugenol, oleic acid, β-caryophyllene, vanillin, β-sitosterol, lupeol, palmitic acid, eugenol, methylbutenol, β-elemene and quercetin) acted directly on 9 targets (CAT, PTGS2, PTGS1, CTH, ABTA, ALT1, ME2, AGXT and AGXT 2) and regulated 3 out of 7 metabolites (3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid, Pyruvate and Prostaglandin G2). CONCLUSIONS Through metabolomics and network pharmacology analyses, this study demonstrated that the major metabolites of XJW in treating lung cancer were regulated by multitarget and multicomponent interaction network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Junzhi Lin
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenfeng Wu
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Chengdu Yongkang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Runchun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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The Mechanism of Xiaoyao San in the Treatment of Ovarian Cancer by Network Pharmacology and the Effect of Stigmasterol on the PI3K/Akt Pathway. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:4304507. [PMID: 34306252 PMCID: PMC8263223 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4304507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This study was aimed at exploring the regulatory mechanism of Xiaoyao San (XYS) and its main compound, Stigmasterol, in the biological network and signaling pathway of ovarian cancer (OC) through network pharmacology-based analyses and experimental validation. Methods The active compounds and targets of XYS were studied by the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP). The GeneCards and OMIM databases were used to screen common targets of XYS in the treatment of OC. Combined with the STRING database and Cytoscape 3.6.0, the core compounds and targets of XYS were obtained. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses of core target genes were carried out by using the Metascape and DAVID databases. Molecular docking has been achieved by using the AutoDock Vina program to discuss the interaction of the core targets and compounds of XYS in the treatment of OC. The effect of Stigmasterol on proliferation and migration were assessed by CCK8 and wound healing assay. Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to analyze the protein and mRNA expressions of PI3K, Akt, and PTEN after treatment of Stigmasterol. Results A total of 113 common targets of XYS for the treatment of OC were obtained from 975 targets related to OC and 239 targets of XYS's effect. The main compounds of XYS include Quercetin, Naringenin, Isorhamnetin, and Stigmasterol, which mainly regulate the targets such as TP53, Akt1, and MYC and PI3K/Akt, p53, and cell cycle signal pathways. At the same time, molecular docking showed that Stigmasterol and Akt1 had good docking conformation. Stigmasterol inhibited OC cell proliferation and migration in vitro and reduced the protein and mRNA expressions of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Conclusion Stigmasterol as the one of the main compounds of XYS suppresses OC cell activities through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.
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