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Arévalo CM, Cruz-Rodriguez N, Quijano S, Fiorentino S. Plant-derived extracts and metabolic modulation in leukemia: a promising approach to overcome treatment resistance. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1229760. [PMID: 37520325 PMCID: PMC10382028 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1229760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemic cells acquire complex and often multifactorial mechanisms of resistance to treatment, including various metabolic alterations. Although the use of metabolic modulators has been proposed for several decades, their use in clinical practice has not been established. Natural products, the so-called botanical drugs, are capable of regulating tumor metabolism, particularly in hematopoietic tumors, which could partly explain the biological activity attributed to them for a long time. This review addresses the most recent findings relating to metabolic reprogramming-Mainly in the glycolytic pathway and mitochondrial activity-Of leukemic cells and its role in the generation of resistance to conventional treatments, the modulation of the tumor microenvironment, and the evasion of immune response. In turn, it describes how the modulation of metabolism by plant-derived extracts can counteract resistance to chemotherapy in this tumor model and contribute to the activation of the antitumor immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Mayerli Arévalo
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Sandra Quijano
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Susana Fiorentino
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
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Novel Gene Signatures Promote Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in Glucose Deprivation-Based Microenvironment to Predict Recurrence-Free Survival in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2023; 2023:6114976. [PMID: 36866237 PMCID: PMC9974289 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6114976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Current research studies have suggested that glucose deprivation (GD)-based tumor microenvironment (TME) can promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells, leading to tumor invasion and metastasis. However, no one has yet studied detailedly the synthetic studies that include GD features in TME with EMT status. In our research, we comprehensively developed and validated a robust signature regarding GD and EMT status to provide prognostic value for patients with liver cancer. Methods GD and EMT status were estimated with transcriptomic profiles based on WGCNA and t-SNE algorithms. Two cohorts of training (TCGA_LIHC) and validation (GSE76427) datasets were analyzed with the Cox regression and logistic regression analyses. We identified a 2-mRNA signature to establish a GD-EMT-based gene risk model for the prediction of HCC relapse. Results Patients with significant GD-EMT status were divided into two subgroups: GDlow/EMTlow and GDhigh/EMThigh, with the latter having significantly worse recurrence-free survival (P < 0.01). We employed the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) technique as a method for HNF4A and SLC2A4 filtering and constructing a risk score for risk stratification. In the multivariate analysis, this risk score predicted recurrence-free survival (RFS) in both the discovery and validation cohorts and remained valid in patients stratified by TNM stage and age at diagnosis. The nomogram that combines risk score and TNM stage as well as age produces improved performance and net benefits in the analysis of calibration and decision curves in training and validation groups. Conclusions The GD-EMT-based signature predictive model may provide a prognosis classifier for HCC patients with a high risk of postoperative recurrence to decrease the relapse rate.
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Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Propolis and Its Polyphenolic Compounds against Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810479. [PMID: 36142391 PMCID: PMC9499605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, interest in natural products such as alternative sources of pharmaceuticals for numerous chronic diseases, including tumors, has been renewed. Propolis, a natural product collected by honeybees, and polyphenolic/flavonoid propolis-related components modulate all steps of the cancer progression process. Anticancer activity of propolis and its compounds relies on various mechanisms: cell-cycle arrest and attenuation of cancer cells proliferation, reduction in the number of cancer stem cells, induction of apoptosis, modulation of oncogene signaling pathways, inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases, prevention of metastasis, anti-angiogenesis, anti-inflammatory effects accompanied by the modulation of the tumor microenvironment (by modifying macrophage activation and polarization), epigenetic regulation, antiviral and bactericidal activities, modulation of gut microbiota, and attenuation of chemotherapy-induced deleterious side effects. Ingredients from propolis also "sensitize" cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents, likely by blocking the activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). In this review, we summarize the current knowledge related to the the effects of flavonoids and other polyphenolic compounds from propolis on tumor growth and metastasizing ability, and discuss possible molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the modulation of inflammatory pathways and cellular processes that affect survival, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis of the tumor.
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AMPKα2/HNF4A/BORIS/GLUT4 pathway promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell invasion and metastasis in low glucose microenviroment. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 203:115198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hu J, Lai C, Shen Z, Yu H, Lin J, Xie W, Su H, Kong J, Han J. A Prognostic Model of Bladder Cancer Based on Metabolism-Related Long Non-Coding RNAs. Front Oncol 2022; 12:833763. [PMID: 35280814 PMCID: PMC8913725 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.833763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Some studies have revealed a close relationship between metabolism-related genes and the prognosis of bladder cancer. However, the relationship between metabolism-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) regulating the expression of genetic material and bladder cancer is still blank. From this, we developed and validated a prognostic model based on metabolism-associated lncRNA to analyze the prognosis of bladder cancer. Methods Gene expression, lncRNA sequencing data, and related clinical information were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). And we downloaded metabolism-related gene sets from the human metabolism database. Differential expression analysis is used to screen differentially expressed metabolism-related genes and lncRNAs between tumors and paracancer tissues. We then obtained metabolism-related lncRNAs associated with prognosis by correlational analyses, univariate Cox analysis, and logistic least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. A risk scoring model is constructed based on the regression coefficient corresponding to lncRNA calculated by multivariate Cox analysis. According to the median risk score, patients were divided into a high-risk group and a low-risk group. Then, we developed and evaluated a nomogram including risk scores and Clinical baseline data to predict the prognosis. Furthermore, we performed gene-set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to explore the role of these metabolism-related lncRNAs in the prognosis of bladder cancer. Results By analyzing the extracted data, our research screened out 12 metabolism-related lncRNAs. There are significant differences in survival between high and low-risk groups divided by the median risk scoring model, and the low-risk group has a more favorable prognosis than the high-risk group. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the risk score was closely related to the prognosis of bladder cancer. Then we established a nomogram based on multivariate analysis. After evaluation, the modified model has good predictive efficiency and clinical application value. Furthermore, the GSEA showed that these lncRNAs affected bladder cancer prognosis through multiple links. Conclusions A predictive model was established and validated based on 12 metabolism-related lncRNAs and clinical information, and we found these lncRNA affected bladder cancer prognosis through multiple links.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Hu
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Lai
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zefeng Shen
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyi Lin
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weibin Xie
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huabin Su
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianqiu Kong
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jinli Han, ; Jianqiu Kong,
| | - Jinli Han
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jinli Han, ; Jianqiu Kong,
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Identification of a novel metabolism-related gene signature associated with the survival of bladder cancer. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1267. [PMID: 34819038 PMCID: PMC8611960 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-09006-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignancies and has a relatively poor outcome worldwide. In this study, we attempted to construct a novel metabolism-related gene (MRG) signature for predicting the survival probability of BC patients. Methods First, differentially expressed MRGs between BC and normal samples were identified and used to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and perform mutation analysis. Next, univariate Cox regression analysis was utilized to select prognostic genes, and multivariate Cox regression analysis was applied to establish an MRG signature for predicting the survival probability of BC patients. Moreover, Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were performed to evaluate the predictive capability of the MRG signature. Finally, a nomogram based on the MRG signature was established to better predict the survival of BC. Results In the present study, 27 differentially expressed MRGs were identified, most of which presented mutations in BC patients, and LRP1 showed the highest mutation rate. Next, an MRG signature, including MAOB, FASN and LRP1, was established by using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Furthermore, survival analysis indicated that BC patients in the high-risk group had a dramatically lower survival probability than those in the low-risk group. Finally, Cox regression analysis showed that the risk score was an independent prognostic factor, and a nomogram integrating age, pathological tumor stage and risk score was established and presented good predictive ability. Conclusion We successfully constructed a novel MRG signature to predict the prognosis of BC patients, which might contribute to the clinical treatment of BC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-09006-w.
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Convenient synthesis of flavanone derivatives via oxa-Michael addition using catalytic amount of aqueous cesium fluoride. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Mandal S, Bandyopadhyay S, Tyagi K, Roy A. Recent advances in understanding the molecular role of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C gamma 1 as an emerging onco-driver and novel therapeutic target in human carcinogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188619. [PMID: 34454048 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide metabolism is crucial intracellular signaling system that regulates a plethora of biological functions including mitogenesis, cell proliferation and division. Phospholipase C gamma 1 (PLCγ1) which belongs to phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PLC) family, is activated by many extracellular stimuli including hormones, neurotransmitters, growth factors and modulates several cellular and physiological functions necessary for tumorigenesis such as cell survival, migration, invasion and angiogenesis by generating inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG) via hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate (PIP2). Cancer remains as a leading cause of global mortality and aberrant expression and regulation of PLCγ1 is linked to a plethora of deadly human cancers including carcinomas of the breast, lung, pancreas, stomach, prostate and ovary. Although PLCγ1 cross-talks with many onco-drivers and signaling circuits including PI3K, AKT, HIF1-α and RAF/MEK/ERK cascade, its precise role in carcinogenesis is not completely understood. This review comprehensively discussed the status quo of this ubiquitously expressed phospholipase as a tumor driver and highlighted its significance as a novel therapeutic target in cancer. Furthermore, we have highlighted the significance of somatic driver mutations in PLCG1 gene and molecular roles of PLCγ1 in several major human cancers, a knowledgebase that can be utilized to develop novel, isoform-specific small molecule inhibitors of PLCγ1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supratim Mandal
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, India.
| | - Shrabasti Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, India
| | - Komal Tyagi
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
| | - Adhiraj Roy
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India.
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Wang HY, Zhao JG, Zhang YQ. The flavonoid-rich ethanolic extract from the green cocoon shell of silkworm has excellent antioxidation, glucosidase inhibition, and cell protective effects in vitro. Food Nutr Res 2020; 64:1637. [PMID: 32952498 PMCID: PMC7478120 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v64.1637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The green cocoon shell of a novel variety of silkworm, Bombyx mori, is rich in two types of quercetin and kaempferol flavonoids. The aim of this study was to identify these flavonoids in the ethanolic extract (EE) from green cocoons and develop EE applications in healthy foods. The experimental results indicated that the amount of total amino acids in EE was 27.06%. The flavonoids in EE are presented in quercetin and kaempferol glycosides. The total amount of the two aglycones was 33.42 ± 0.08 mg/g. The IC50 values of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 1,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonicacid) (ABTS), and hydroxyl radical scavenging abilities were 296.95 ± 13.24 μg/mL, 94.31 ± 9.13 μg/mL, and 9.21 ± 0.15 mg/mL, respectively. The IC50 values of the inhibitory activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase were 37.57 ± 6.45 μg/mL and 212.69 ± 22.94 μg/mL, respectively. EE also reduced the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress in L02 cells induced by high glucose levels. It also effectively decreased the content of 8-hydroxyl deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in cells with a good dose effect. These results clearly indicated that the flavonoid-rich EE with excellent antioxidant and glucosidase inhibition abilities significantly reduced the damage to cells caused by oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions. It is suggested that EE might serve as useful functional foods for the treatment of related diseases induced by oxidative stress such as diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Wang
- Silk Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Dushuhu Higher Edu. Town, Suzhou, P R China
| | - Jin-Ge Zhao
- Silk Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Dushuhu Higher Edu. Town, Suzhou, P R China
| | - Yu-Qing Zhang
- Silk Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Dushuhu Higher Edu. Town, Suzhou, P R China
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Wang S, Zhang L, Yu Z, Chai K, Chen J. Identification of a Glucose Metabolism-related Signature for prediction of Clinical Prognosis in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Cancer 2020; 11:4996-5006. [PMID: 32742447 PMCID: PMC7378912 DOI: 10.7150/jca.45296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most prevalent and invasive histological subtypes among all renal cell carcinomas (RCC). Cancer cell metabolism, particularly glucose metabolism, has been reported as a hallmark of cancer. However, the characteristics of glucose metabolism-related gene sets in ccRCC have not been systematically profiled. Methods: In this study, we downloaded a gene expression profile and glucose metabolism-related gene set from TCGA (The Cancer Genome Altas) and MSigDB, respectively, to analyze the characteristics of glucose metabolism-related gene sets in ccRCC. We used a multivariable Cox regression analysis to develop a risk signature, which divided patients into low- and high- risk groups. In addition, a nomogram that combined the risk signature and clinical characteristics was created for predicting the 3- and 5-year overall survival (OS) of ccRCC. The accuracy of the nomogram prediction was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and a calibration plot. Results: A total of 231 glucose metabolism-related genes were found, and 68 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. After screening by univariate regression analysis, LASSO regression analysis and multivariable Cox regression analysis, six glucose metabolism-related DEGs (FBP1, GYG2, KAT2A, LGALS1, PFKP, and RGN) were selected to develop a risk signature. There were significant differences in the clinical features (Fuhrman nuclear grade and TNM stage) between the high- and low-risk groups. The multivariable Cox regression indicated that the risk score was independent of the prognostic factors (training set: HR=3.393, 95% CI [2.025, 5.685], p<0.001; validation set: HR=1.933, 95% CI [1.130, 3.308], p=0.016). The AUCs of the nomograms for the 3-year OS in the training and validation sets were 0.808 and 0.819, respectively, and 0.777 and 0.796, respectively, for the 5- year OS. Conclusion: We demonstrated a novel glucose metabolism-related risk signature for predicting the prognosis of ccRCC. However, additional in vitro and in vivo research is required to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang.,Department of Oncology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang.,Department of Oncology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Zhihong Yu
- Department of Oncology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Kequn Chai
- Department of Oncology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Jiabin Chen
- Department of Oncology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
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Mariadoss AVA, Vinyagam R, Rajamanickam V, Sankaran V, Venkatesan S, David E. Pharmacological Aspects and Potential Use of Phloretin: A Systemic Review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:1060-1067. [PMID: 30864525 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666190311154425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, many researchers have concluded that a diet rich in polyphenolic compounds plays an important therapeutic role in reducing the risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, inflammation, diabetes, and other degenerative diseases. Polyphenolic compounds have been reported to be involved in neutralization of reactive oxygen species and charged radicals, and have anticarcinogenic effects, hepatoprotective effects, low-glycaemic response, and other benefits. The benefits of fruits and vegetables may be partly attributable to polyphenolic compounds, which have antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties. Fruits such as apples contain a variety of phytochemicals, including (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin, phlorizin, phloretin quercetin, cyanidin-3-Ogalactoside, chlorogenic acid, and p-coumaric acid, all of which are strong antioxidants. Phloretin, a natural phenolic compound, is a dihydrochalcone, which is present in the apple. It exhibits a wide variety of activities such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-allergic, anticarcinogenic, anti-thrombotic, and hepatoprotective, besides being involved in the activation of apoptotic associated gene expression and signal transduction in molecular pathways. Despite a multitude of clinical studies, new efforts are needed in clinical research to determine the complete therapeutic potential of phloretin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arokia V A Mariadoss
- Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkadu, Vellore- 632115 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramachandran Vinyagam
- Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkadu, Vellore- 632115 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vinothkumar Rajamanickam
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Vijayalakshmi Sankaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkadu, Vellore- 632115 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sathish Venkatesan
- Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkadu, Vellore- 632115 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ernest David
- Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkadu, Vellore- 632115 Tamil Nadu, India
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Zhang X, Li X, Fang H, Guo F, Li F, Chen A, Huang S. Flavonoids as inducers of white adipose tissue browning and thermogenesis: signalling pathways and molecular triggers. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2019; 16:47. [PMID: 31346342 PMCID: PMC6637576 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-019-0370-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Flavonoids are a class of plant and fungus secondary metabolites and are the most common group of polyphenolic compounds in the human diet. In recent studies, flavonoids have been shown to induce browning of white adipocytes, increase energy consumption, inhibit high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and improve metabolic status. Promoting the activity of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and inducing white adipose tissue (WAT) browning are promising means to increase energy expenditure and improve glucose and lipid metabolism. This review summarizes recent advances in the knowledge of flavonoid compounds and their metabolites. Methods We searched the following databases for all research related to flavonoids and WAT browning published through March 2019: PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Web of Science. All included studies are summarized and listed in Table 1. Result We summarized the effects of flavonoids on fat metabolism and the specific underlying mechanisms in sub-categories. Flavonoids activated the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), promoted the release of adrenaline and thyroid hormones to increase thermogenesis and induced WAT browning through the AMPK-PGC-1α/Sirt1 and PPAR signalling pathways. Flavonoids may also promote brown preadipocyte differentiation, inhibit apoptosis and produce inflammatory factors in BAT. Conclusion Flavonoids induced WAT browning and activated BAT to increase energy consumption and non-shivering thermogenesis, thus inhibiting weight gain and preventing metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First People's Hospital of Yichang, No.4 Hudi Street, Yichang, 443000 Hubei Province China
| | - Xin Li
- 2Department of Pediatrics, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1277 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022 Hubei Province China
| | - Huang Fang
- 3Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei Province China
| | - Fengjin Guo
- 3Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei Province China
| | - Feng Li
- 3Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei Province China
| | - Anmin Chen
- 3Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei Province China
| | - Shilong Huang
- 3Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei Province China
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Sudhakaran M, Sardesai S, Doseff AI. Flavonoids: New Frontier for Immuno-Regulation and Breast Cancer Control. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E103. [PMID: 30995775 PMCID: PMC6523469 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8040103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) remains the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in women in the US, despite advances in detection and treatment. In addition, breast cancer survivors often struggle with long-term treatment related comorbidities. Identifying novel therapies that are effective while minimizing toxicity is critical in curtailing this disease. Flavonoids, a subclass of plant polyphenols, are emerging as promising treatment options for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. Recent evidence suggests that in addition to anti-oxidant properties, flavonoids can directly interact with proteins, making them ideal small molecules for the modulation of enzymes, transcription factors and cell surface receptors. Of particular interest is the ability of flavonoids to modulate the tumor associated macrophage function. However, clinical applications of flavonoids in cancer trials are limited. Epidemiological and smaller clinical studies have been largely hypothesis generating. Future research should aim at addressing known challenges with a broader use of preclinical models and investigating enhanced dose-delivery systems that can overcome limited bioavailability of dietary flavonoids. In this review, we discuss the structure-functional impact of flavonoids and their action on breast tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment, with an emphasis on their clinical role in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Sudhakaran
- Department Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
- Physiology Graduate Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Sagar Sardesai
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Andrea I Doseff
- Department Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
- Department Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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14
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Zhao JG, Wang HY, Wei ZG, Zhang YQ. Therapeutic effects of ethanolic extract from the green cocoon shell of silkworm Bombyx mori on type 2 diabetic mice and its hypoglycaemic mechanism. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2019; 8:407-420. [PMID: 31160974 DOI: 10.1039/c8tx00294k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a clinically complex disease characterized by hyperglycaemia with disturbances in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine the therapeutic effect of ethanolic extract (EE) from the green cocoon sericin layer of silkworm Bombyx mori on mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its hypoglycaemic mechanisms. The results showed that oral EE for 7 weeks had significant ameliorative effects on all the biochemical parameters studied in vivo. The levels of oral glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance were significantly improved. The hypoglycaemic rate in the 350 mg kg-1 high dosage group was 39.38%. The levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the high dosage EE-treated group were significantly reduced, while activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were obviously increased. The islet area and the number of insulin-positive beta cells increased significantly in the high dose group. Furthermore, expression levels of insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate (IRS), phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), p-Akt and phospho-glycogen synthase kinase-3β (p-GSK3β) involved in insulin signalling were increased. Adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) also were activated to regulate glucose metabolism in EE-treated groups. The levels of glucose 6-phosphatase (G6pase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) decreased, while the glucokinase (GK) level increased to promote glycolysis. The results clearly indicated that oral EE, especially at a high dose, could improve the glucose metabolism of T2DM by reducing inflammatory reactions, enhancing the antioxidant capacity and insulin sensitivity, and regulating the balance between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, which means that EE has potential ameliorative effects on T2DM mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ge Zhao
- Silk Biotechnology Laboratory , School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences , Soochow University , China .
| | - Hai-Yan Wang
- Silk Biotechnology Laboratory , School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences , Soochow University , China .
| | - Zheng-Guo Wei
- Silk Biotechnology Laboratory , School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences , Soochow University , China .
| | - Yu-Qing Zhang
- Silk Biotechnology Laboratory , School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences , Soochow University , China .
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15
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Guerra AR, Duarte MF, Duarte IF. Targeting Tumor Metabolism with Plant-Derived Natural Products: Emerging Trends in Cancer Therapy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:10663-10685. [PMID: 30227704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recognition of neoplastic metabolic reprogramming as one of cancer's hallmarks has paved the way for developing novel metabolism-targeted therapeutic approaches. The use of plant-derived natural bioactive compounds for this endeavor is especially promising, due to their diverse structures and multiple targets. Hence, over the past decade, a growing number of studies have assessed the impact of phytochemicals on tumor cell metabolism, aiming at improving current knowledge on their mechanisms of action and, at the same time, evaluating their potential as anti-cancer metabolic modulators. In this Review, we focus on three classes of plant-derived compounds with promising anti-cancer activity-phenolic compounds, isoprenoids, and alkaloids-to describe their effects on major energetic and biosynthetic pathways of human tumor cells. Such a comprehensive and integrated account of the ability of these compounds to hit different metabolic targets is expected to contribute to the rational design and critical assessment of novel anti-cancer therapies based on natural-product-mediated metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R Guerra
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL), Instituto Politécnico de Beja , Apartado 6158 , 7801-908 Beja , Portugal
- CICECO - Instituto de Materiais de Aveiro, Departamento de Quı́mica , Universidade de Aveiro , Campus de Santiago , 3810-193 Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Maria F Duarte
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL), Instituto Politécnico de Beja , Apartado 6158 , 7801-908 Beja , Portugal
- ICAAM - Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas , Universidade de Évora , Pólo da Mitra, 7006-554 Évora , Portugal
| | - Iola F Duarte
- CICECO - Instituto de Materiais de Aveiro, Departamento de Quı́mica , Universidade de Aveiro , Campus de Santiago , 3810-193 Aveiro , Portugal
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16
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Sun X, Ma X, Li Q, Yang Y, Xu X, Sun J, Yu M, Cao K, Yang L, Yang G, Zhang G, Wang X. Anti‑cancer effects of fisetin on mammary carcinoma cells via regulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway: In vitro and in vivo studies. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:811-820. [PMID: 29749427 PMCID: PMC6034928 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fisetin, a natural flavonoid found in a variety of edible and medical plants, has been suggested to inhibit the proliferation of various tumor cells and to induce apoptosis. However, the effects of fisetin on breast cancer have rarely been reported and the underlying mechanism is still undefined. The present study explored the anti‑cancer effects of fisetin on mammary carcinoma cells and the underlying mechanisms. Following treatment with fisetin, viability of 4T1, MCF‑7 and MDA‑MB‑231 cells were measured by MTT assay. The inhibitory effects of fisetin on proliferation, migration and invasion were evaluated in 4T1 cells using proliferation array, wound‑healing assay, and HUV‑EC‑C‑cell barrier based on electrical cell‑substrate impedance sensing platform. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry, and western blotting analysis was performed to identify target molecules. A 4T1 orthotopic mammary tumor model was used to assess the fisetin‑inhibition on tumor growth in vivo. Test kits were used to examine the liver and kidney function of tumor‑bearing mice. The results suggest that fisetin suppressed the proliferation of breast cancer cells, suppressed the metastasis and invasiveness of 4T1 cells, and induced the apoptosis of 4T1 cells in vitro. The potent anti‑cancer effect of fisetin was associated with the regulation of the phosphatidylinositol‑3‑kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. In vivo experiments demonstrated that fisetin suppressed the growth of 4T1 cell‑derived orthotopic breast tumors and enhanced tumor cell apoptosis, and the evaluated alanine amino transferase and aspartate amino transferase levels in serum of tumor‑bearing mice suggested that fisetin may lead to side effects on liver biochemical function. The present study confirms that fisetin exerted an anti‑mammary carcinoma effect. However, in vivo experiments also revealed that fisetin had low solubility and low bioavailability. Further investigation is required to determine the clinical value of fisetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Sun
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010
| | - Xueman Ma
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010
- Department of Oncology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120
| | - Qiwei Li
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010
- School of Graduates, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010
- School of Graduates, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010
- Department of Immunology, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100010
| | - Jiaqi Sun
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010
- Department of Gynecology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Mingwei Yu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010
| | - Kexin Cao
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010
| | - Guowang Yang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010
| | - Ganlin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010
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17
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Mojica L, Luna-Vital DA, Gonzalez de Mejia E. Black bean peptides inhibit glucose uptake in Caco-2 adenocarcinoma cells by blocking the expression and translocation pathway of glucose transporters. Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:552-560. [PMID: 29854625 PMCID: PMC5977767 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Common bean protein fractions decreased glucose uptake in colorectal cancer cells. Protein fractions decreased SGLT1 and GLUT2 gene and protein expression and translocation. Black bean protein fractions could be used as anticancer drug adjuvants.
The objective was to evaluate the effect of black bean protein fraction (PFRA), and its derived peptides on glucose uptake, SGLT1 and GLUT2 expression and translocation on Caco-2 cells. The effect of treatments was evaluated on glucose uptake, protein expression and localization and gene expression on Caco-2 cells. PFRA (10 mg/mL) lowered glucose uptake from 27.4% after 30 min to 33.9% after 180 min of treatment compared to untreated control (p < 0.05). All treatments lowered GLUT2 expression after 30 min of treatment compared to untreated control (31.4 to 48.6%, p < 0.05). Similarly, after 24 h of treatment, GLUT2 was decreased in all treatments (23.5% to 48.9%) (p < 0.05). SGLT1 protein expression decreased 18.3% for LSVSVL (100 μM) to 45.1% for PFRA (10 mg/mL) after 24 h. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed a decrease in expression and membrane translocation of GLUT2 and SGLT1 for all treatments compared to untreated control (p < 0.05). Relative gene expression of SLC2A2 (GLUT2) and SLC5A1 (SGLT1) was downregulated significantly up to two-fold change compared to the untreated control after 24 h treatment. Black bean protein fractions are an inexpensive, functional ingredient with significant biological potential to reduce glucose uptake and could be used as an adjuvant in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Key Words
- 2-NBDG PubChem CID: 6711157
- 2-NBDG, 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxy-d-glucose
- A, alanine
- AMPK, 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase
- AU, arbitrary units
- BPI, bean protein isolate
- Black bean protein fraction
- Colorectal cancer
- E, glutamic acid
- F, phenylalanine
- GLUT2
- GLUT2, glucose transporter 2
- Glucose uptake
- Glucose: PubChem CID: 10954115
- I:K, lysine
- L, leucine
- N, asparagine
- P FRA, protein fractions
- P, proline
- PHL, phloretin
- PKC, protein kinase C II
- Phloretin: PubChem CID: 4788
- S, serine
- SD, standard deviation
- SGLT1
- SGLT1, sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 1
- T, threonine
- V, valine
- WZB117, 3-fluoro-1,2-phenylene bis (3-hydroxybenzoate)
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Mojica
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, 61801, United States.,Tecnología Alimentaria, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., CIATEJ, 44270, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Diego A Luna-Vital
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, 61801, United States
| | - Elvira Gonzalez de Mejia
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, 61801, United States
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