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Galván GC, Macias E, Sanders S, Ramirez-Torres A, Stock S, You S, Riera CE, Tamukong P, Smith-Warner SA, Genkinger JM, Luthringer DJ, Freeman MR, Freedland SJ. The effects of glycemic index on prostate cancer progression in a xenograft mouse model. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2024; 27:348-354. [PMID: 38082056 PMCID: PMC11096094 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-023-00769-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we found low-carbohydrate diets slowed prostate cancer (PC) growth and increased survival vs. a Western diet in mice, by inhibiting the insulin/IGF-1 axis. Thus, we tested whether modifying carbohydrate quality to lower glycemic index (GI) without changing quantity results in similar benefits as with reduced quantity. METHODS Male SCID mice injected with LAPC-4 cells were single-housed and randomized when their tumors reached 200 mm3 on average to a LoGI (48% carbohydrate kcal, from Hylon-VII) or HiGI Western diet (48% carbohydrate kcal, from sucrose). Body weight and tumor volume were measured weekly. Body composition was assessed 35 days after randomization. Blood glucose and serum insulin, IGF-1 and IGFBP3 were measured at study end when tumor volumes reached 800 mm3. We analyzed gene expression of mice tumors by RNA-sequencing and human tumors using the Prostate Cancer Transcriptome Atlas. RESULTS There were no significant differences in tumor volume (P > 0.05), tumor proliferation (P = 0.29), and overall survival (P = 0.15) between groups. At 35 days after randomization, the LoGI group had 30% lower body fat (P = 0.007) despite similar body weight (P = 0.58). At sacrifice, LoGI mice had smaller livers (P < 0.001) and lower glucose (P = 0.15), insulin (P = 0.11), IGF-1 (P = 0.07) and IGF-1:IGFBP3 ratio (P = 0.05), and higher IGFBP3 (P = 0.09) vs. HiGI, although none of these metabolic differences reached statistical significance. We observed differential gene expression and pathway enrichment in mice tumors by diet. The most upregulated and downregulated gene in the LoGI group showed expression patterns more closely resembling expression in human benign prostate tissue vs. PC. CONCLUSIONS In this single mouse xenograft model, consuming a low GI diet did not delay PC growth or survival vs. a high GI diet despite suggestions of decreased activation of the insulin/IGF-1 pathway. These data suggest that improving carbohydrate quality alone while consuming a high carbohydrate diet may not effectively slow PC growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Everardo Macias
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sergio Sanders
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Shannon Stock
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Urology Section, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sungyong You
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Computational Biomedicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Celine E Riera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Tamukong
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie A Smith-Warner
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeanine M Genkinger
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Michael R Freeman
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephen J Freedland
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Urology Section, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC, USA.
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Pu JY, Xu W, Zhu Q, Sun WP, Hu JJ, Cai D, Zhang JY, Gong JP, Xiong B, Zhong GC. Prediagnosis ultra-processed food consumption and prognosis of patients with colorectal, lung, prostate, or breast cancer: a large prospective multicenter study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1258242. [PMID: 37850087 PMCID: PMC10577176 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1258242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Whether ultra-processed food consumption is associated with cancer prognosis remains unknown. We aimed to test whether prediagnosis ultra-processed food consumption is positively associated with all-cause and cancer-specific mortality in patients with colorectal, lung, prostate, or breast cancer. Methods This study included 1,100 colorectal cancer patients, 1750 lung cancer patients, 4,336 prostate cancer patients, and 2,443 breast cancer patients. Ultra-processed foods were assessed using the NOVA classification before the diagnosis of the first cancer. Multivariable Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for all-cause and cancer-specific mortality. Results High ultra-processed food consumption before cancer diagnosis was significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in lung (HRquartile 4 vs. 1: 1.18; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.40; Ptrend = 0.021) and prostate (HRquartile 4 vs. 1: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.39; Ptrend = 0.017) cancer patients in a nonlinear dose-response manner (all Pnonlinearity < 0.05), whereas no significant results were found for other associations of interest. Subgroup analyses additionally revealed a significantly positive association with colorectal cancer-specific mortality among colorectal cancer patients in stages I and II but not among those in stages III and IV (Pinteraction = 0.006), and with prostate cancer-specific mortality among prostate cancer patients with body mass index <25 but not among those with body mass index ≥25 (Pinteraction = 0.001). Conclusion Our study suggests that reducing ultra-processed food consumption before cancer diagnosis may improve the overall survival of patients with lung or prostate cancer, and the cancer-specific survival of certain subgroups of patients with colorectal or prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Yuan Pu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Liangping District, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei-Ping Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie-Jun Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun-Yong Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian-Ping Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Xiong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guo-Chao Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Peppa M, Manta A, Mavroeidi I, Nastos C, Pikoulis E, Syrigos K, Bamias A. Dietary Approach of Patients with Hormone-Related Cancer Based on the Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load Estimates. Nutrients 2023; 15:3810. [PMID: 37686842 PMCID: PMC10490329 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hormone-related cancers, namely breast, endometrial, cervical, prostate, testicular, and thyroid, constitute a specific group of cancers dependent on hormone levels that play an essential role in cancer growth. In addition to the traditional risk factors, diet seems to be an important environmental factor that partially explains the steadily increased prevalence of this group of cancer. The composition of food, the dietary patterns, the endocrine-disrupting chemicals, and the way of food processing and preparation related to dietary advanced glycation end-product formation are all related to cancer. However, it remains unclear which specific dietary components mediate this relationship. Carbohydrates seem to be a risk factor for cancer in general and hormone-related cancers, in particular, with a difference between simple and complex carbohydrates. Glycemic index and glycemic load estimates reflect the effect of dietary carbohydrates on postprandial glucose concentrations. Several studies have investigated the relationship between the dietary glycemic index and glycemic load estimates with the natural course of cancer and, more specifically, hormone-related cancers. High glycemic index and glycemic load diets are associated with cancer development and worse prognosis, partially explained by the adverse effects on insulin metabolism, causing hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, and also by inflammation and oxidative stress induction. Herein, we review the existing data on the effect of diets focusing on the glycemic index and glycemic load estimates on hormone-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melpomeni Peppa
- Endocrine Unit, 2nd Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12641 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (I.M.)
| | - Aspasia Manta
- Endocrine Unit, 2nd Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12641 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (I.M.)
| | - Ioanna Mavroeidi
- Endocrine Unit, 2nd Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12641 Athens, Greece; (A.M.); (I.M.)
| | - Constantinos Nastos
- 3rd Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12641 Athens, Greece; (C.N.); (E.P.)
| | - Emmanouil Pikoulis
- 3rd Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12641 Athens, Greece; (C.N.); (E.P.)
| | - Konstantinos Syrigos
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Sotiria Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Aristotelis Bamias
- 2nd Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12641 Athens, Greece;
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Bergengren O, Pekala KR, Matsoukas K, Fainberg J, Mungovan SF, Bratt O, Bray F, Brawley O, Luckenbaugh AN, Mucci L, Morgan TM, Carlsson SV. 2022 Update on Prostate Cancer Epidemiology and Risk Factors-A Systematic Review. Eur Urol 2023; 84:191-206. [PMID: 37202314 PMCID: PMC10851915 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2023.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Understanding the epidemiology and risk factors of the disease is paramount to improve primary and secondary prevention strategies. OBJECTIVE To systematically review and summarize the current evidence on the descriptive epidemiology, large screening studies, diagnostic techniques, and risk factors of PCa. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION PCa incidence and mortality rates for 2020 were obtained from the GLOBOCAN database of the International Agency for Research on Cancer. A systematic search was performed in July 2022 using PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE biomedical databases. The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022359728). EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Globally, PCa is the second most common cancer, with the highest incidence in North and South America, Europe, Australia, and the Caribbean. Risk factors include age, family history, and genetic predisposition. Additional factors may include smoking, diet, physical activity, specific medications, and occupational factors. As PCa screening has become more accepted, newer approaches such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and biomarkers have been implemented to identify patients who are likely to harbor significant tumors. Limitations of this review include the evidence being derived from meta-analyses of mostly retrospective studies. CONCLUSIONS PCa remains the second most common cancer among men worldwide. PCa screening is gaining acceptance and will likely reduce PCa mortality at the cost of overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Increasing use of MRI and biomarkers for the detection of PCa may mitigate some of the negative consequences of screening. PATIENT SUMMARY Prostate cancer (PCa) remains the second most common cancer among men, and screening for PCa is likely to increase in the future. Improved diagnostic techniques can help reduce the number of men who need to be diagnosed and treated to save one life. Avoidable risk factors for PCa may include factors such as smoking, diet, physical activity, specific medications, and certain occupations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Bergengren
- Department of Surgery (Urology Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Kelly R Pekala
- Department of Surgery (Urology Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Fainberg
- Department of Surgery (Urology Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sean F Mungovan
- Westmead Private Physiotherapy Services and The Clinical Research Institute, Westmead Private Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ola Bratt
- Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Freddie Bray
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Otis Brawley
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Lorelei Mucci
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Todd M Morgan
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sigrid V Carlsson
- Department of Surgery (Urology Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Kahrizsangi MA, Ebrahimi Z, Shateri Z, Mansouri F, Zangene A, Rajabzadeh-Dehkordi M, Nouri M, Rashidkhani B. Carbohydrate quality indices and colorectal cancer risk: a case-control study. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:347. [PMID: 37069525 PMCID: PMC10108463 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10786-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth and third most common cancer in Iran and the world, respectively. Carbohydrates can lead to the proliferation of cancer cells, including CRC. The current study aimed to investigate the association between glycemic load (GL), insulin load (IL), glycemic index (GI), insulin index (II), low-carbohydrate diet score (LCDS), and carbohydrate quality index (CQI) with CRC odds. METHODS The present case-control study was performed on 71 CRC cases and 142 controls in the Hospital Cancer Organization and three general hospitals in Tehran, Iran. We calculated the dietary GI, GL, IL, II, CQI, and LCDS by a validated food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS The results indicated that people who were in the highest tertile of the GI had higher odds of CRC compared to the lower tertile (in the adjusted model: odds ratio (OR) = 3.89; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.71-8.84). On the contrary, people who were in the highest tertile of the CQI and LCDS had significantly lower odds of CRC compared to the lower tertile (in the adjusted model: tertile (T) 2-OR = 0.24; 95% CI: 0.11-0.53 and T3-OR = 0.15; 95% CI: 0.06-0.39 for CQI and T2-OR = 0.33; 95% CI: 0.13-0.79 and T3-OR = 0.28; 95% CI: 0.10-0.82 for LCDS). Also, IL was positively associated with the odds of CRC after adjusting for confounding factors (T2-OR = 2.46; CI: 1.08-5.61 and T3- OR = 2.80; 95% CI: 1.07-7.31). Regarding the GL, only individuals who were in the second tertile had significantly higher odds of CRC compared to the first tertile (OR = 2.42; CI: 1.07-5.47). CONCLUSION According to the findings, it is recommended to use a diet with high-quality carbohydrates and low GI and GL to minimize the odds of developing CRC. People should also be encouraged to have a balanced carbohydrate intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Amini Kahrizsangi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zohreh Ebrahimi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zainab Shateri
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mansouri
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Zangene
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Milad Rajabzadeh-Dehkordi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehran Nouri
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Bahram Rashidkhani
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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6
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Naemi Kermanshahi M, Safaei E, Tutunchi H, Naghshi S, Mobarak S, Asadi M, Sadeghi O. Fruit and vegetable intake in relation to gastric cancer risk: A comprehensive and updated systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies. Front Nutr 2023; 10:973171. [PMID: 36814513 PMCID: PMC9939448 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.973171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Since the release of previous meta-analyses, some studies on the associations between fruit and vegetable intake with gastric cancer risk have been published. Therefore, we aimed to update the previous meta-analyses on these associations by including recently published studies as well as considering the main limitations of those meta-analyses. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted in online databases including PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar to detect relevant prospective cohort studies published up to October 2021. Summary relative risks (RRs) were estimated using a random-effects model. Results Overall, 17 articles containing 18 prospective studies with a total sample size of 1,527,995 participants, aged between 18 and 90 years, were included in the current meta-analysis. During the follow-up periods ranging between 4.5 and 21 years, 8,477 cases of gastric cancer were diagnosed. A higher intake of total fruit [RR: 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.80 to 0.94, I 2 = 0%] and total fruit and vegetable (RR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.61 to 0.93, I 2 = 55.2%) were associated with a lower risk of gastric cancer. For total vegetable intake, a significant inverse association was found among the studies that controlled their analysis for energy intake. Based on the linear dose-response analysis, each 100 g/day increase in total fruit intake (Pooled RR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.90 to 0.99, I 2 = 49%) and 200 g/day increase in total fruit and vegetable intake (RR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.88 to 0.99, I 2 = 37.6%) were associated with a 5 and 6% lower risk of gastric cancer, respectively. Conclusion Fruit and vegetable consumption has a protective association with gastric cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Naemi Kermanshahi
- Student Research Committee, Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Safaei
- Student Research Committee, Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Helda Tutunchi
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sina Naghshi
- Student Research Committee, Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sara Mobarak
- Abadan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Asadi
- Department of Operating Room Nursing, Abadan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran,Masoomeh Asadi,
| | - Omid Sadeghi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,*Correspondence: Omid Sadeghi,
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7
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Sadeghi A, Saedisomeolia A, Jalili-Baleh L, Khoobi M, Soleimani M, Fakhr Yasseri AM, Yekaninejad MS, Farzin A, Amini E, Nowroozi MR. FruHis significantly increases the anti-benign prostatic hyperplasia effect of lycopene: A double-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1011836. [PMID: 36407517 PMCID: PMC9668902 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1011836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For decades, lycopene was considered the main compound of tomato protecting benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Recent animal studies suggest that a newly discovered compound "FruHis" boosts lycopene for its action. This study aimed to determine whether FruHis enhances the action of lycopene to modify the laboratory parameters and clinical outcomes of patients with BPH. MATERIALS AND METHODS Current study was conducted on 52 BPH patients, who were randomly assigned into four groups of treatments: lycopene plus FruHis (n = 11, 25 mg/day lycopene and 10 mg/day FruHis), lycopene (n = 12, 25 mg/day lycopene), FruHis (n = 12, 10 mg/day FruHis), and placebo (n = 13). Patients received these supplements for 8 weeks. RESULTS FruHis intake strengthened the reducing effects of lycopene on insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) (-54.47 ± 28.36 ng/mL in the lycopene + FruHis group vs. -30.24 ± 46.69 ng/mL in the lycopene group), total prostate-specific antigen (TPSA) (-1.49 ± 4.78 ng/mL in the lycopene + FruHis group vs. -0.64 ± 2.02 ng/mL in the lycopene group), and symptom score (-4.45 ± 4.03 in the lycopene + FruHis group vs. -1.66 ± 5.41 in the lycopene group) in BPH patients. Such findings were also seen for body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). However, except for IGF-1, these reductions were not statistically significant compared with the placebo, and the intakes of lycopene and FruHis alone, however, were clinically important. Such effects of lycopene and FruHis were not seen for free PSA (FPSA) and FPSA/TPSA ratio. CONCLUSION Despite the non-significant effects of lycopene and FruHis, it seems that FruHis intake strengthens the beneficial effects of lycopene on IGF-1, TPSA, and symptom scores among BPH patients. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION [www.irct.ir], identifier [IRCT20190522043669N1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Sadeghi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Saedisomeolia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Leili Jalili-Baleh
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoobi
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soleimani
- Department of Urology, Modares University Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mir Saeed Yekaninejad
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirreza Farzin
- Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Erfan Amini
- Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Dietary Patterns and Prostate Cancer: CAPLIFE Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143475. [PMID: 35884536 PMCID: PMC9316982 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of prostate cancer (PCa) remains uncertain, and the role of diet is unclear. We aimed to evaluate the role of diet, through dietary patterns, on PCa, considering tumor aggressiveness and extension. The CAPLIFE study is a population-based case-control study including a total of 428 incident PCa cases and 393 controls aged 40-80 years. Dietary information was collected through a validated food frequency questionnaire. Three dietary patterns were identified through principal component analysis: "Mediterranean," "Western," and "Unhealthy," which were categorized into tertiles according to the control group cutoff points. Tumor aggressiveness and extension was determined. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between dietary patterns and PCa. High adherence to an unhealthy dietary pattern was associated with higher odds of PCa, ORT3vsT1 = 1.52 (95% CI 1.02-2.27), especially for cases with ISUP 1-2 and localized PCa tumors. This association was not observed with a Western or Mediterranean pattern. In conclusion, adherence to an unhealthy diet appears to be associated with higher odds of PCa, especially for cases with ISUP 1-2 and localized PCa tumors.
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9
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Alzahrani MA, Shakil Ahmad M, Alkhamees M, Aljuhayman A, Binsaleh S, Tiwari R, Almannie R. Dietary protein intake and prostate cancer risk in adults: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Complement Ther Med 2022; 70:102851. [PMID: 35820576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2022.102851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis to summarize available findings on the associations between dietary protein intake and prostate cancer risk as well as the dose-response associations of total, animal, plant, and dairy protein intake with prostate cancer risk. METHODS This study followed the 2020 PRISMA guideline. We conducted a systematic search in the online databases of PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar to detect eligible prospective studies published to October 2021 that assessed total, animal, plant, and dairy protein intake in relation to prostate cancer risk. RESULTS Overall, 12 articles containing prospective studies with a total sample size of 388,062 individuals and 30,165 cases of prostate cancer were included. The overall relative risks (RRs) of prostate cancer, comparing the highest and lowest intakes of total, animal, plant, and dairy protein intake, were 0.99 (95% CI: 92-1.07, I2 =12.8%), 0.99 (95% CI: 95-1.04, I2 =0), 1.01 (95% CI: 96-1.06, I2 =0), and 1.08 (95% CI: 1.00-1.16, I2 =38.1%), respectively, indicating a significant positive association for dairy protein intake (P = 0.04) and non-significant associations for other protein types. However, this positive association was seen among men who consumed ≥ 30 gr/day of dairy protein, such that a 20 g/d increase in dairy protein intake (equal to 2.5 cups milk or yogurt) was associated with a 10% higher risk of prostate cancer (Pooled RR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.02-1.20, I2 = 42.5%). Such dose-response association was not seen for total, animal, and plant protein intake. CONCLUSION Overall, dairy protein intake may increase the risk of prostate cancer in men who consumed > 30 gr/day of dairy protein. Larger, well-designed studies are still required to further evaluation of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meshari A Alzahrani
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad Shakil Ahmad
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Alkhamees
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Aljuhayman
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Binsaleh
- Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, King Saud University, College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahul Tiwari
- Consultant Urologist in Kailash Hospital, Noida, India
| | - Raed Almannie
- Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, King Saud University, College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Long T, Liu K, Long J, Li J, Cheng L. Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load and cancer risk: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:2115-2127. [PMID: 35034169 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02797-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is considerable inconsistency in results regarding the association of dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) with cancer risk. We therefore conducted this systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies to evaluate the relationship between dietary GI/GL and cancer risk. METHODS We searched PubMed and Web of Science for prospective cohort studies of dietary GI/GL in relation to risks of all types of cancer up to 31 March 2021. We used a random-effect model to calculate summary relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The certainty of evidence was assessed by the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. This study was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42020215338). RESULTS Overall, 55 cohorts were included in the meta-analysis. We assessed the relationship between dietary GI or GL and risks of 23 cancer types, including hormone-related cancers, cancers from digestive system, respiratory system, urinary system and other cancer sites. High GI diet increased overall risk of cancer with low certainty of evidence (highest vs lowest categories, n = 3, RR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.07). For site-specific cancers, high GI diet increased risks of lung cancer (highest vs lowest categories, n = 5, RR 1.08, 95% CI 1.01-1.18) and breast cancer (highest vs lowest categories, n = 14, RR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.09), especially for postmenopausal breast cancer (highest vs lowest categories, n = 10, RR 1.06, 95% CI 1.00-1.13), all with low certainty of evidence. Additionally, dietary GI was positively related to risk of bladder cancer with low certainty of evidence (highest vs lowest categories, n = 3, RR 1.23, 95% CI 1.09-1.40), as well as negatively related to ovarian cancer risk with very low certainty of evidence (highest vs lowest categories, n = 4, RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.69-1.00) and lymphoma risk with low certainty of evidence (highest vs lowest categories, n = 2, RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.72-0.98). Besides, we found an inverse association of dietary GL with lung cancer risk with low certainty of evidence (highest vs lowest categories, n = 5, RR 0.87, 95% CI 0.80-0.94). CONCLUSION High dietary GI increased overall cancer risk with low certainty of evidence. For site-specific cancers, high GI diet increased the risks of breast cancer with low certainty of evidence and lung cancer with low certainty of evidence. Dietary GL was inversely associated with lung cancer risk with low certainty of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Long
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jieyi Long
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jiaoyuan Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Liming Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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11
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Debras C, Chazelas E, Srour B, Julia C, Kesse-Guyot E, Zelek L, Agaësse C, Druesne-Pecollo N, Andreeva VA, Galan P, Hercberg S, Latino-Martel P, Deschasaux-Tanguy M, Touvier M. Glycaemic index, glycaemic load and cancer risk: results from the prospective NutriNet-Santé cohort. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 51:250-264. [PMID: 34491326 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyab169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence is accumulating that high dietary glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) are potential risk factors for several metabolic disorders (e.g. type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases), but remains limited concerning cancer risk. Although, mechanistic data suggest that consuming high-GI foods may contribute to carcinogenesis through elevated blood glucose levels, insulin resistance or obesity-related mechanisms. Our objective was to study the associations between dietary GI/GL and cancer. METHODS In total, 103 020 French adults (median age = 40.2 years) from the NutriNet-Santé cohort (2009-2020) with no cancer or diabetes at baseline were included (705 137 person-years, median follow-up time = 7.7 years). Repeated 24-h dietary records linked with a detailed food-composition table (>3500 food/beverage items). We computed the average dietary GI and GL at the individual level. Associations between GI, GL, contribution of low- and medium/high-GI foods to energy and carbohydrate intake and cancer risk (overall, breast, prostate and colorectal) were assessed using multivariable Cox proportional-hazard models. RESULTS Higher dietary GL was associated with higher overall cancer risk [n = 3131 cases, hazard ratios (HRs) for sex-specific quintile 5 vs 1 = 1.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03-1.52; Ptrend = 0.008] and specifically postmenopausal breast cancer (n = 924, HRQ5vs.Q1 = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.06-2.55; Ptrend = 0.03). A higher contribution of low-GI food/beverages to energy intake was associated with lower cancer risk whereas a higher contribution of medium/high-GI items to energy intake was positively associated with higher risk of overall, breast and postmenopausal breast cancers (Ptrend ≤ 0.02). CONCLUSIONS These results support a possible impact of GI/GL on cancer risk. If confirmed in other populations and settings, dietary GI/GL could be considered as modifiable risk factors for primary cancer prevention. TRIAL REGISTRATION https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03335644.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Debras
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, INRAE U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Eloi Chazelas
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, INRAE U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Bernard Srour
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, INRAE U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Chantal Julia
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, INRAE U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France.,Public Health Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Bobigny, France
| | - Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, INRAE U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Laurent Zelek
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, INRAE U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France.,Oncology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Bobigny, France
| | - Cédric Agaësse
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, INRAE U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Nathalie Druesne-Pecollo
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, INRAE U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Valentina A Andreeva
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, INRAE U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Pilar Galan
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, INRAE U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, INRAE U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France.,Public Health Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Bobigny, France
| | - Paule Latino-Martel
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, INRAE U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Mélanie Deschasaux-Tanguy
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, INRAE U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, INRAE U1125, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
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12
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Dietary Carbohydrate Intake Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load and the Risk of Prostate Cancer among Iranian Men: A Case-Control Study. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:882-888. [PMID: 34096410 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1933100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have presented a few evidences on the relationship between dietary carbohydrate intake, glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), with the prostate cancer risk. We performed a case-control study to evaluate these associations in 50 men with histologically confirmed prostate cancer and 100 control men. Odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were derived using logistic regression. The fully adjusted ORs for the top vs. the bottom quartile were 15.02 (P trend = 0.004), 1.04 (P trend = 0.003), and 10.35 (P trend = 0.002) for carbohydrate intake, GI and GL, respectively. Significant associations with prostate cancer remained only among men with reduced fiber intake for carbohydrate intake, GI and GL and among those had increased fiber intake for GI. These findings support the hypothesis that diet with high carbohydrate, GI and GL enhance risk of prostate cancer.
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13
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Zhang Y, Zhang T, Yang W, Chen H, Geng X, Li G, Chen H, Wang Y, Li L, Sun B. Beneficial Diets and Pancreatic Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Practice. Front Oncol 2021; 11:630972. [PMID: 34123787 PMCID: PMC8193730 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.630972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a malignant tumor with high invasiveness, easy metastatic ability, and chemoresistance. Patients with PC have an extremely low survival rate due to the difficulty in early diagnosis. It is estimated that nearly 90% of PC cases are caused by environmental risk factors. Approximately 50% of PC cases are induced by an unhealthy diet, which can be avoided. Given this large attribution to diet, numerous studies have assessed the relationship between various dietary factors and PC. This article reviews three beneficial diets: a ketogenic diet (KD), a Mediterranean diet (MD), and a low-sugar diet. Their composition and impact mechanism are summarized and discussed. The associations between these three diets and PC were analyzed, and we aimed to provide more help and new insights for the prevention and treatment of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenbo Yang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongze Chen
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinglong Geng
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guanqun Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yongwei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Le Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
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14
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Darooghegi Mofrad M, Mozaffari H, Askari MR, Amini MR, Jafari A, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Potato Consumption and Risk of Site-Specific Cancers in Adults: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1705-1722. [PMID: 33861304 PMCID: PMC8483953 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of cancer type may vary significantly due to anatomy, embryology, and physiology of the cancer site. Although the association between potato consumption and colorectal cancer (CRC) was summarized in a 2018 meta-analysis of 5 cohort studies, to the best of our knowledge, no meta-analysis has evaluated potato consumption in relation to multiple cancer sites in adults. Medline/PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched for relevant publications through August 2020. We selected cohort or case-control studies conducted in adults that reported risk estimates (relative risk [RRs], HRs, and ORs) of potato intake for any cancer type. Random effects meta-analyses compared high and low intake categories. Twenty prospective cohort studies (total n = 785,348) including 19,882 incident cases, and 36 case-control studies (21,822 cases; 66,502 controls) were included. Among cohort studies, we did not find an association between high versus low intake of total potato (white and yellow) consumption and overall cancers: 1.04 (95% CI: 0.96, 1.11; tau2 = 0.005, n = 18). We found no relation between total potato consumption (high compared with low intake) and risk of CRC, pancreatic cancer, colon, gastric, breast, prostate, kidney, lung, or bladder cancer in cohort or case-control studies. We did not find an association between high versus low consumption of potato preparations (boiled/fried/mashed/roasted/baked) and risk of gastrointestinal-, sex-hormone-, or urinary-related cancers in cohort or case-control studies. Certainty of the evidence was low for total cancer, CRC, colon, rectal, renal, pancreatic, breast, prostate, and lung cancer and very low for gastric and bladder cancer. In conclusion, potato intake or potato preparations were not associated with multiple cancer sites when comparing high and low intake categories. This finding was consistent with the findings from the 2018 meta-analysis regarding potato intake and risk of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manije Darooghegi Mofrad
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadis Mozaffari
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mohammad Reza Askari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Amini
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Jafari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pamela J Surkan
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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15
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Hatami Marbini M, Amiri F, Sajadi Hezaveh Z. Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, insulin index, insulin load and risk of diabetes-related cancers: A systematic review of cohort studies. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 42:22-31. [PMID: 33745582 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS It is believed that diets high in glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), Insulin index (II), and Insulin load (IL) are associated with the increased risks of certain cancers through increasing serum glucose or insulin levels. METHODS We conducted this systematic review of cohort studies to evaluate the possible relation between GI, GL, II, and IL with diabetes-related cancers, including colorectal, bladder, breast, endometrium, liver, pancreas, and prostate cancers. Two separate investigators conducted a literature search through PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases up to February 2020, plus reference lists of relevant articles. RESULTS Fifty-three cohort studies with a total of 100 098 cancer cases were included in this systematic review. Fifteen out of eighteen studies among breast cancer cases reported no significant association between GI/GL and cancer risk. These numbers were 4 out of 13 for colorectal cancer, 7 out of 9 for endometrial cancer, 2 out of 3 for liver cancer, 8 out of 10 for pancreatic cancer, and 3 out of 3 for prostate cancer. Only one cohort investigated this association in terms of bladder cancer and reported a significant association. Also, five studies reported this relation in terms of II/IL, and only one cohort among endometrial cancer patients observed a significant positive association between the risk of cancer and IL. CONCLUSION We concluded a weak association between dietary GI/GL and no association between II/IL with diabetes-related cancer risk. More cohort studies are required to be performed regarding II/IL and the risk of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motahare Hatami Marbini
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemehsadat Amiri
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zohreh Sajadi Hezaveh
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Jayedi A, Soltani S, Jenkins D, Sievenpiper J, Shab-Bidar S. Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, and chronic disease: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:2460-2469. [PMID: 33261511 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1854168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to present a comprehensive review of the association of dietary glycemic index (GI) and load (GL) with the risk of chronic disease. Published meta-analyses of prospective observational studies evaluating the association of dietary GI and GL with risk of chronic disease were identified by a search in PubMed and Scopus to November, 2020. Summary relative risks (SRRs) were recalculated using random-effects models. The certainty of evidence was rated by the GRADE approach. Eighteen meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies, reporting 19 SRRs for dietary GI and 17 SRRs for dietary GL were identified. There was a positive association between dietary GI and the risk of type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and colorectal, breast, and bladder cancers, as well as between dietary GL and the risk of coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and stroke. With regard to cancers at other sites, there was no significant association. The certainty of evidence ranged from very low to low. Although by GRADE classification no associations were rated stronger than low, they were classified as one grade higher when the NutriGrade system was used. Further research is needed to add evidence for the relation of dietary GI and GL with cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Jayedi
- Food Safety Research Center (Salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Soltani
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - David Jenkins
- Faculty of Medicine, Departments of Nutritional Science and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Clinical Nutrition & Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - John Sievenpiper
- Faculty of Medicine, Departments of Nutritional Science and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Clinical Nutrition & Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Turati F, Galeone C, Augustin LSA, La Vecchia C. Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load and Cancer Risk: An Updated Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102342. [PMID: 31581675 PMCID: PMC6835610 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diets high in glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) have been related to an increased risk of selected cancers, but additional quantification is required. We updated a systematic review and meta-analysis published in 2015 to May 2019 to provide quantitative information on GI/GL and cancer risk. Relative risks (RR) and the corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for the highest versus the lowest categories of GI and GL were extracted from selected studies and pooled using random-effects models. Twenty reports (>22,000 cancer cases) have become available after January 2015, and 15 were added to the meta-analyses by cancer sites, which considered a total of 88 investigations. The five additional reports were reviewed, but not included in the meta-analyses, since data were inadequate to be pooled. For hormone-related cancers, summary RRs for the highest versus lowest GI and GL intakes were moderately increased. They ranged from 1.04 (breast) to 1.12 (endometrium) for GI and from 1.03 (prostate) to 1.22 (ovary) for GL, of borderline significance. High GI was associated with small increased risks of colorectal (summary RR for GI: 1.20, 95% CI, 1.07–1.34—GL: 1.09, 95% CI, 0.97–1.22, 19 studies), bladder (GI: 1.25, 95% CI, 1.11–1.41—GL: 1.10, 95% CI, 0.85–1.42, four studies) and kidney cancers (GI: 1.16, 95% CI, 1.02–1.32—GL: 1.14, 95% CI, 0.81–1.60, five studies). GL was not significantly related to those cancer sites. Stomach, prostate and lung cancers were not associated with GI and GL. The present analysis, based on an updated comprehensive evaluation of the epidemiological literature, indicates moderate unfavorable effects of high versus low GI on colorectal, and possibly bladder and kidney cancers, and a possible moderate positive association between GL and endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Turati
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Carlotta Galeone
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Livia S A Augustin
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.
- National Cancer Institute, SSD di Epidemiologia, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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