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Pyrzanowska J. The toxic contaminants of Aspalathus linearis plant material as well as herb-drug interactions may constitute the health risk factors in daily rooibos tea consumers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2023; 33:129-142. [PMID: 34823434 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2021.2009780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rooibos tea is brewed using Aspalathus linearis plant material sensitive to environmental contamination. This review covers the safety data from preclinical experiments as well as human studies and delivers a report on its hepatic activity. In vitro tea investigation reveals antioxidative and anti-mutagenic features and ability to modulate microsomal enzymes. In rodent research, it exerts protective or neutral impact on liver functions and morphology, yet several human case reports suggest possible acute hepatic damage. Summarizing rooibos consumption seems to be safe in terms of hepatotoxicity; however, there may be designated a group of consumers with higher risk of liver irritation. The contamination of plant material may contribute to herb-induced liver injury. Due to the impact on CYPs, there is a possible risk of herb-drug interactions affecting bioavailability of some co-administered medicines. Caution should be exercised in patients receiving the treatment with allopathic medicines to avoid untoward alteration of drug plasma concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Pyrzanowska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Warsaw, Poland
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Kapoor S, Damiani E, Wang S, Dharmanand R, Tripathi C, Tovar Perez JE, Dashwood WM, Rajendran P, Dashwood RH. BRD9 Inhibition by Natural Polyphenols Targets DNA Damage/Repair and Apoptosis in Human Colon Cancer Cells. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204317. [PMID: 36297001 PMCID: PMC9610492 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in the etiology of colorectal cancer (CRC) and other malignancies due, in part, to deregulated bromodomain (BRD) functions. Inhibitors of the bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) family have entered into clinical trials as anticancer agents, and interest has grown in other acetyl 'reader' proteins as therapeutic targets, including non-BET member bromodomain-containing protein 9 (BRD9). We report here that overexpression of BRD9 is associated with poor prognosis in CRC patients, and that siRNA-mediated knockdown of BRD9 decreased cell viability and activated apoptosis in human colon cancer cells, coincident with increased DNA damage. Seeking natural compounds as BRD9 antagonists, molecular docking in silico identified several polyphenols such as Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), Equol, Quercetin, and Aspalathin, with favorable binding energies, supported by BROMOscan® (DiscoverX) and isothermal titration calorimetry experiments. Polyphenols mimicked BRD9 knockdown and iBRD9 treatment in reducing colon cancer cell viability, inhibiting colony formation, and enhancing DNA damage and apoptosis. Normal colonic epithelial cells were unaffected, signifying cancer-specific effects. These findings suggest that natural polyphenols recognize and target BRD9 for inhibition, and might serve as useful lead compounds for bromodomain therapeutics in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabeeta Kapoor
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Elisabetta Damiani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Shan Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Ravirajan Dharmanand
- Center for Infectious & Inflammatory Diseases, Texas A&M Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chakrapani Tripathi
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Wan Mohaiza Dashwood
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Praveen Rajendran
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (P.R.); (R.H.D.); Tel.: +1-713-677-7803 (P.R.); +1-713-677-7806 (R.H.D.)
| | - Roderick Hugh Dashwood
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (P.R.); (R.H.D.); Tel.: +1-713-677-7803 (P.R.); +1-713-677-7806 (R.H.D.)
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Aspalathus linearis (Rooibos) and Agmatine May Act Synergistically to Beneficially Modulate Intestinal Tight Junction Integrity and Inflammatory Profile. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091097. [PMID: 36145318 PMCID: PMC9501288 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to promote gastrointestinal health, significant increases in the prevalence of gastrointestinal disorders should be paralleled by similar surges in therapeutics research. Nutraceutical interventions may play a significant role in patient management. The current study aimed to determine the potential of Aspalathus linearis (rooibos) to prevent gastrointestinal dysregulation resulting from high-dose trace-amine (TA) exposure. Considering the substantial female bias in functional gastrointestinal disorders, and the suggested phytoestrogenicity of rooibos, the study design allowed for a comparison between the effects of an ethanol extract of green rooibos and 17β-estradiol (E2). High levels of ρ-tyramine (TYR) and agmatine (AGM), but not β-phenethylamine (PEA) or tryptamine (TRP), resulted in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) hypersecretion, increased tight-junction protein (TJP; occludin and ZO-1) secretion and (dissimilarly) disrupted the TJP cellular distribution profile. Modulating benefits of rooibos and E2 were TA-specific. Rooibos pre-treatment generally reduced IL-8 secretion across all TA conditions and prevented PGE2 hypersecretion after exposure to both TYR and AGM, but was only able to normalise TJP levels and the distribution profile in AGM-exposed cells. In contrast, E2 pre-treatment prevented only TYR-associated PGE2 hypersecretion and TJP dysregulation. Together, the data suggest that the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of rooibos, rather than phytoestrogenicity, affect benefits illustrated for rooibos.
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Singh C, Anand SK, Tiwari KN, Mishra SK, Kakkar P. Phytochemical profiling and cytotoxic evaluation of Premna serratifolia L. against human liver cancer cell line. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:115. [PMID: 33604231 PMCID: PMC7865065 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02654-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Premna serratifolia L. (Lamiaceae) is a medicinal plant, widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions and commonly used in traditional medicine. The current study was focused to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of aqueous extract of root of P. serratifolia (AEPS) against human hepatoblastoma cancer cell line (Hep G2).The yield of the dried extract was 5.8% and used for further studies.Cytotoxic potential of AEPS was analyzed by MTT assay, which exhibits IC50 value 1000 µg/mL after 48 h incubation. Hoechst and AO/EtBr staining, ROS measurement, mitochondrial membrane potential, clonogenic and wound healing assays also confirmed the cytotoxic efficacy of AEPS in dose and time-dependent manner. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis of AEPS confirmed the presence of 12polyphenolic compounds, namely 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid, linarin, peonidin-3,5-O-di-beta-glucopyranoside, diosmin, trans-cinnamic acid, daidzein, saponarin, homoorietin, acacetin, sarsasapogenin, phytol and sissotrin. The cytotoxic potential of AEPS might due to presence of biologically active polyphenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrashekhar Singh
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Sumit Kumar Anand
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Kavindra Nath Tiwari
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Sunil Kumar Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Poonam Kakkar
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001 Uttar Pradesh India
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Gao X, Yanan J, Santhanam RK, Wang Y, Lu Y, Zhang M, Chen H. Garlic flavonoids alleviate H 2 O 2 induced oxidative damage in L02 cells and induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells by Bcl-2/Caspase pathway. J Food Sci 2021; 86:366-375. [PMID: 33448034 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Liver damage is a common liver disorder, which could induce liver cancer. Oral antioxidant is one of the effective treatments to prevent and alleviate liver damage. In this study, three flavonoids namely myricetin, isoquercitrin, and isorhamnetin were isolated and identified from Laba garlic. The isolated compounds were investigated on the protective effects against H2 O2 -induced oxidative damages in hepatic L02 cells and apoptosis inducing mechanism in hepatic cancer cells HepG2 by using MTT assay, flow cytometry and western blotting analysis. Myricetin, isoquercitrin, and isorhamnetin showed proliferation inhibition on HepG2 cells with IC50 value of 44.32 ± 0.213 µM, 49.68 ± 0.192 µM, and 54.32 ± 0.176 µM, respectively. While they showed low toxicity on normal cell lines L02. They could significantly alleviate the oxidative damage towards L02 cells (P < 0.05), via inhibiting the morphological changes in mitochondria and upholding the integrity of mitochondrial structure and function. The fluorescence intensity of L02 cells pre-treated with myricetin, isoquercitrin, and isorhamnetin (100 µM) was 89.23 ± 1.26%, 89.35 ± 1.43% and 88.97 ± 0.79%, respectively. Moreover, the flavonoids could induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells via Bcl-2/Caspase pathways, where it could up-regulate the expression of Bax and down-regulate the expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, pro-Caspase-3, and pro-Caspase-9 proteins in a dose dependent manner. Overall, the results suggested that the flavonoids from Laba garlic might be a promising candidate for the treatment of various liver disorders. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Flavonoids from Laba garlic showed selective toxicity towards HepG2 cells in comparison to L02 cells via regulating Bcl-2/caspase pathway. Additionally, the isolated flavonoids expressively barred the oxidative damage induced by H2 O2 in L02 cells. These results suggested that the flavonoids from laba garlic could be a promising agent towards the development of functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jia Yanan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Ramesh Kumar Santhanam
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, University Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, 21030, Malaysia
| | - Yajie Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yangpeng Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, P.R. China
| | - Haixia Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
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