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Biasella F, Plössl K, Baird PN, Weber BHF. The extracellular microenvironment in immune dysregulation and inflammation in retinal disorders. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1147037. [PMID: 36936905 PMCID: PMC10014728 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1147037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) as well as genetically complex retinal phenotypes represent a heterogenous group of ocular diseases, both on account of their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. Therefore, overlaps in clinical features often complicate or even impede their correct clinical diagnosis. Deciphering the molecular basis of retinal diseases has not only aided in their disease classification but also helped in our understanding of how different molecular pathologies may share common pathomechanisms. In particular, these relate to dysregulation of two key processes that contribute to cellular integrity, namely extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis and inflammation. Pathological changes in the ECM of Bruch's membrane have been described in both monogenic IRDs, such as Sorsby fundus dystrophy (SFD) and Doyne honeycomb retinal dystrophy (DHRD), as well as in the genetically complex age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or diabetic retinopathy (DR). Additionally, complement system dysfunction and distorted immune regulation may also represent a common connection between some IRDs and complex retinal degenerations. Through highlighting such overlaps in molecular pathology, this review aims to illuminate how inflammatory processes and ECM homeostasis are linked in the healthy retina and how their interplay may be disturbed in aging as well as in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Biasella
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karolina Plössl
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Paul N. Baird
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Paul N. Baird, ; Bernhard H. F. Weber,
| | - Bernhard H. F. Weber
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Human Genetics, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Paul N. Baird, ; Bernhard H. F. Weber,
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Tajbakhsh A, Gheibihayat SM, Taheri RA, Fasihi-Ramandi M, Bajestani AN, Taheri A. Potential diagnostic and prognostic of efferocytosis-related unwanted soluble receptors/ligands as new non-invasive biomarkers in disorders: a review. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:5133-5152. [PMID: 35419645 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07224-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Efferocytosis is the process by which apoptotic cells are removed without inflammation to maintain tissue homeostasis, prevent unwanted inflammatory responses, and inhibit autoimmune responses. Coordination of efferocytosis occurs via many surfaces and chemotactic molecules and adaptors. Recently, soluble positive or negative mediators of efferocytosis, have been more noticeable as non-invasive valuable biomarkers in prognosis and targeted therapy. These soluble factors can be detected in different bodily fluids, such as serum, plasma, and urine as a non-invasive method. There are lots of studies that have tried to show the importance of receptors and ligands in disorders; while a few studies tried to indicate the importance of soluble forms of receptors/ligands and their clinical aspects as a systemic compound and shedding of targets related to efferocytosis. Some of these soluble forms also can be as sensitive as specific biomarkers for certain diseases compared with routine biomarkers, such as soluble circulatory Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 vs. troponin T in the acute coronary syndrome. Thus, this review tried to gain more understanding about efferocytosis-related unwanted soluble receptors/ligands, their roles, the clinical significance, and potential for diagnosis, and prognosis related to different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Tajbakhsh
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisoning Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibihayat
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ramezan Ali Taheri
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Fasihi-Ramandi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisoning Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Nesaei Bajestani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ayatollah Madani Hospital, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Taheri
- School of Medicine, New Hearing Technologies Research Center, Baghiyyatollah Al-Azam Hospital, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of ENT, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Vitronectin, a Novel Urinary Proteomic Biomarker, Promotes Cell Pyroptosis in Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:8447675. [PMID: 35462789 PMCID: PMC9020974 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8447675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Identifying new markers of juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) is critical event to predict patient stratification and prognosis. The aim of the present study is to analyze alteration of urinary protein expression and screen potential valuable biomarkers in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE). Methods The urine was collected from the patients with or without JSLE and detected by mass spectrometry to analyze proteomic changes. ELISA was used to verify the Vitronectin (VTN) changes in a new set of patients. The clinical correlation was performed to analyze between VTN and clinical pathological parameters. WB and ELISA were used to analyze VTN-mediated cell pyroptosis. Results Herein, we have identified a group of 105 differentially expressed proteins with ≥1.3-fold upregulation or ≤0.77-fold downregulation in JSLE patients. These proteins were involved in several important biological processes, including acute phase inflammatory responses, complement activation, hemostasis, and immune system regulation through Gene Ontology and functional enrichment analysis. Interestingly, urinary ephrin type-A receptor 4 (EPHA4) and VTN were significantly reduced in both inactive and active JSLE patients, and VTN treatment in THP-1 derived macrophages led to a significant increased cell pyroptosis by activation of Nod-like receptor family protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes, resulting in caspase-1 activation, cleaved gasdermin D (GSDMD), and IL-18 secretion. Most importantly, the urinary VTN was also linearly correlated with clinical characteristics of JSLE, implying that VTN could be a specific diagnostic biomarker to distinguish inactive and active JSLE. Conclusion This study provided a novel role of VTN in pyroptosis in JSLE through the urinary proteomic profile for JSLE, which could be a nonintrusive monitoring strategy in clinical diagnosis.
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Analyzing the Effect of Vitronectin on Cell Growth and Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition of Pulmonary Fibroblast Cells. Lung 2021; 199:389-394. [PMID: 34415400 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-021-00467-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vitronectin (VTN), a multifunctional glycoprotein, is involved in various biological and pathological processes. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of VTN on mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) of pulmonary fibroblast cells. METHODS Lentivirus encoding for VTN-specific shRNA was constructed and infected into the cultured fibroblast WI-38 cells. Real-time PCR and Western blot were applied to examine the expression of VTN in WI-38 cells. MTT assay was used to assess cell proliferation. Western blot was conducted to examine the expression of MET-related and apoptosis-related proteins. RESULTS The knockdown of VTN significantly inhibited the growth of WI-38 cells compared to the control group. Meanwhile, knockdown of VTN remarkably increased the expression of Bax and Caspase 3 compared with the control group. Furthermore, knockdown of VTN significantly promoted the expression of E-cadherin in comparison to control group. CONCLUSIONS Knockdown of VTN promoted the expression of apoptosis-related factors, meanwhile, facilitated the MET process of fibroblast cells by regulating the expression of relevant factors. In sum, VTN performed a potential regulator in cell growth and MET of pulmonary fibroblast cells, which can be considered as a potential target for diagnose and therapy of relevant diseases.
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Hägele S, Nusshag C, Müller A, Baumann A, Zeier M, Krautkrämer E. Cells of the human respiratory tract support the replication of pathogenic Old World orthohantavirus Puumala. Virol J 2021; 18:169. [PMID: 34404450 PMCID: PMC8369447 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01636-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transmission of all known pathogenic orthohantaviruses (family Hantaviridae) usually occurs via inhalation of aerosols contaminated with viral particles derived from infected rodents and organ manifestation of infections is characterized by lung and kidney involvement. Orthohantaviruses found in Eurasia cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and New World orthohantaviruses cause hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). However, cases of infection with Old World orthohantaviruses with severe pulmonary manifestations have also been observed. Therefore, human airway cells may represent initial targets for orthohantavirus infection and may also play a role in the pathogenesis of infections with Eurasian orthohantaviruses. METHODS We analyzed the permissiveness of primary endothelial cells of the human pulmonary microvasculature and of primary human epithelial cells derived from bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli for Old World orthohantavirus Puumala virus (PUUV) in vitro. In addition, we examined the expression of orthohantaviral receptors in these cell types. To minimize donor-specific effects, cells from two different donors were tested for each cell type. RESULTS Productive infection with PUUV was observed for endothelial cells of the microvasculature and for the three tested epithelial cell types derived from different sites of the respiratory tract. Interestingly, infection and particle release were also detected in bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial cells although expression of the orthohantaviral receptor integrin β3 was not detectable in these cell types. In addition, replication kinetics and viral release demonstrate enormous donor-specific variations. CONCLUSIONS The human respiratory epithelium is among the first targets of orthohantaviral infection and may contribute to virus replication, dissemination and pathogenesis of HFRS-causing orthohantaviruses. Differences in initial pulmonary infection due to donor-specific factors may play a role in the observed broad variance of severity and symptoms of orthohantavirus disease in patients. The absence of detectable levels of integrin αVβ3 surface expression on bronchial and small airway epithelial cells indicates an alternate mode of orthohantaviral entry in these cells that is independent from integrin β3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hägele
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 162, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Nusshag
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 162, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Müller
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 162, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Baumann
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 162, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Zeier
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 162, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ellen Krautkrämer
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 162, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Immunohistochemistry in the Postmortem Diagnosis of Sepsis: A Systematic Review. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2021; 28:571-578. [PMID: 31290786 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
It is not uncommon for the forensic pathologist to question whether a deceased person had experienced sepsis that could have either been the cause of or contributed to the person's death. Often, the missing typical pathologic factors or lack of clinical and circumstantial information on the death render the autopsy of a sepsis-related death a difficult task for the forensic pathologist. Several authors emphasize on how an immunohistochemical analysis could help in diagnosing death related to sepsis. The research we carried out analyzes the main scientific studies in the literature, primarily the tracing of 21 immunohistochemical antigens evaluated to help diagnose death related to sepsis. The purpose of this review was to analyze and summarize the markers studied until now and to consider the limitations of immunohistochemistry that currently exist with regard to this particular field of forensic pathology. Immunohistochemistry provided interesting and promising results, but further studies are needed in order for them to be confirmed, so that they may be applied in standard forensic practice.
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Modulation of α Vβ 6 integrin in osteoarthritis-related synovitis and the interaction with VTN (381-397 a.a.) competing for TGF-β1 activation. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:210-222. [PMID: 33526813 PMCID: PMC8080589 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00558-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is characterized by structural alteration of joints. Fibrosis of the synovial tissue is often detected and considered one of the main causes of joint stiffness and pain. In our earlier proteomic study, increased levels of vitronectin (VTN) fragment (amino acids 381–397) were observed in the serum of osteoarthritis patients. In this work, the affinity of this fragment for integrins and its putative role in TGF-β1 activation were investigated. A competition study determined the interaction of VTN(381–397 a.a.) with αVβ6 integrin. Subsequently, the presence of αVβ6 integrin was substantiated on primary human fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) by western blot and flow cytometry. By immunohistochemistry, β6 was detected in synovial membranes, and its expression showed a correlation with tissue fibrosis. Moreover, β6 expression was increased under TGF-β1 stimulation; hence, a TGF-β bioassay was applied. We observed that αVβ6 could mediate TGF-β1 bioavailability and that VTN(381–397 a.a.) could prevent TGF-β1 activation by interacting with αVβ6 in human FLSs and increased α-SMA. Finally, we analyzed serum samples from healthy controls and patients with osteoarthritis and other rheumatic diseases by nano-LC/Chip MS–MS, confirming the increased expression of VTN(381–397 a.a.) in osteoarthritis as well as in lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis. These findings corroborate our previous observations concerning the overexpression of VTN(381–397 a.a.) in osteoarthritis but also in other rheumatic diseases. This fragment interacts with αVβ6 integrin, a receptor whose expression is increased in FLSs from the osteoarthritic synovial membrane and that can mediate the activation of the TGF-β1 precursor in human FLSs. Insights into a mechanism underlying the formation of fibrotic tissue within joints in osteoarthritis may also prove relevant to other rheumatological disorders. The general mechanisms underlying fibrosis are reasonably well understood, but it remains unclear what triggers these processes in osteoarthitis. Researchers of the University of Liège in Belgium have uncovered a possible explanation based on experiments with cultured primary synovial fibroblasts from patients. Osteoarthitis is characterized by increased levels of a fragment of the protein vitronectin, and the researchers demonstrated that this in turn binds to a protein called αVβ6, potentially promoting initiation of fibrosis. They also observed elevated levels of the same vitronectin fragment in two other rheumatoid disorders, lupus and systemic sclerosis, and concluded that further research is needed to characterize this protein’s role in inflammation and fibrosis.
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Schmid C, Ignjatovic V, Pang B, Nie S, Williamson NA, Tingay DG, Pereira-Fantini PM. Proteomics reveals region-specific hemostatic alterations in response to mechanical ventilation in a preterm lamb model of lung injury. Thromb Res 2020; 196:466-475. [PMID: 33075590 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preterm infants often require assisted ventilation, however ventilation when applied to the immature lung can initiate ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). The biotrauma which underscores VILI is largely undefined, and is likely to involve vascular injury responses, including hemostasis. We aimed to use a ventilated, preterm lamb model to: (1) characterize regional alterations in hemostatic mediators within the lung and (2) assess the functional impact of protein alterations on hemostasis by analyzing temporal thrombin generation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Preterm lambs delivered at 124 to 127 days gestation received 90 min of mechanical ventilation (positive end-expiratory pressure = 8 cm H2O, VT = 6-8 ml/kg) and were compared with unventilated control lambs. At study completion, lung tissue was taken from standardized nondependent and gravity-dependent regions, and Orbitrap-mass spectrometry and KEGG were used to identify and map regional alterations in hemostasis pathway members. Temporal alterations in plasma thrombin generation were assessed. RESULTS Ventilation was distributed towards the nondependent lung. Significant changes in hemostatic protein abundance, were detected at a two-fold higher rate in the nondependent lung when compared with the gravity-dependent lung. Seven proteins were uniquely altered in non-dependent lung (SERPINA1, MYL12A, RAP1B, RHOA, ITGB1, A2M, GNAI2), compared with a single proteins in gravity-dependent lung (COL1A2). Four proteins were altered in both regions (VTN, FGG, FGA, and ACTB). Tissue protein alterations were mirrored by plasma hypocoagulability at 90-minutes of ventilation. CONCLUSIONS We observed regionally specific, hemostatic alterations within the preterm lung together with disturbed fibrinolysis following a short period of mechanical ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Schmid
- Neonatal Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neonatology, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Vera Ignjatovic
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Haematology Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Boyuan Pang
- Neonatal Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Shuai Nie
- Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | | | - David G Tingay
- Neonatal Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neonatology, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Prue M Pereira-Fantini
- Neonatal Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
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Association of proteome and metabolome signatures with severity in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. J Proteomics 2020; 214:103627. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Viela F, Speziale P, Pietrocola G, Dufrêne YF. Mechanostability of the Fibrinogen Bridge between Staphylococcal Surface Protein ClfA and Endothelial Cell Integrin α Vβ 3. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:7400-7410. [PMID: 31532212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Binding of the Staphylococcus aureus surface protein clumping factor A (ClfA) to endothelial cell integrin αVβ3 plays a crucial role during sepsis, by causing endothelial cell apoptosis and loss of barrier integrity. ClfA uses the blood plasma protein fibrinogen (Fg) to bind to αVβ3 but how this is achieved at the molecular level is not known. Here we investigate the mechanical strength of the three-component ClfA-Fg-αVβ3 interaction on living bacteria, by means of single-molecule experiments. We find that the ClfA-Fg-αVβ3 ternary complex is extremely stable, being able to sustain forces (∼800 pN) that are much stronger than those of classical bonds between integrins and the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) tripeptide sequence (∼100 pN). Adhesion forces between single bacteria and αVβ3 are strongly inhibited by an anti-αVβ3 antibody, the RGD peptide, and the cyclic RGD peptide cilengitide, showing that formation of the complex involves RGD-dependent binding sites and can be efficiently inhibited by αVβ3 blockers. Collectively, our experiments favor a binding mechanism involving the extraordinary elasticity of Fg. In the absence of mechanical stress, RGD572-574 sequences in the Aα chains mediate weak binding to αVβ3, whereas under high mechanical stress exposure of cryptic Aα chain RGD95-97 sequences leads to extremely strong binding to the integrin. Our results identify an unexpected and previously undescribed force-dependent binding mechanism between ClfA and αVβ3 on endothelial cells, which could represent a potential target to fight staphylococcal bloodstream infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Viela
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain , Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte L7.07.06, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve , Belgium
| | - Pietro Speziale
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry , University of Pavia , Viale Taramelli 3/b , 27100 Pavia , Italy
- Department of Industrial and Information Engineering , University of Pavia , 27100 Pavia , Italy
| | - Giampiero Pietrocola
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry , University of Pavia , Viale Taramelli 3/b , 27100 Pavia , Italy
| | - Yves F Dufrêne
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain , Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte L7.07.06, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve , Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO) , 1300 Wavre , Belgium
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Hessenauer MET, Lauber K, Zuchtriegel G, Uhl B, Hussain T, Canis M, Strieth S, Berghaus A, Reichel CA. Vitronectin promotes the vascularization of porous polyethylene biomaterials. Acta Biomater 2018; 82:24-33. [PMID: 30296618 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Rapid implant vascularization is a prerequisite for successful biomaterial engraftment. Vitronectin (VN) is a matricellular glycoprotein well known for its capability to interact with growth factors, proteases, and protease inhibitors/receptors. Since such proteins are highly relevant for angiogenic processes, we hypothesized that VN contributes to the tissue integration of biomaterials. Employing different in vivo and ex vivo microscopy techniques, engraftment of porous polyethylene (PPE) implants was analyzed in the dorsal skinfold chamber model in wild-type (WT) and VN-/- mice. Upon PPE implantation, vascularization of this biomaterial was severely compromised in animals lacking this matricellular protein. Proteome profiling revealed that VN deficiency does not cause major changes in angiogenic protein composition in the implants suggesting that VN promotes PPE vascularization via mechanisms modulating the activity of angiogenic factors rather than by directly enriching them in the implant. Consequently, surface coating with recombinant VN (embedded in Matrigel®) accelerated implant vascularization in WT mice by enhancing the maturation of a vascular network. Thus, VN contributes to the engraftment of PPE implants by promoting the vascularization of this biomaterial. Surface coating with VN might provide a promising strategy to improve the vascularization of PPE implants without affecting the host's integrity. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Porous polyethylene (PPE) is a biomaterial frequently used in reconstructive surgery. The proper vascularization of PPE implants is a fundamental prerequisite for its successful engraftment in host tissue. Although the overall biocompatibility of PPE is good, there are less favorable application sites for its use in tissue reconstruction mostly characterized by low blood supply. Employing advanced in vivo microscopy methods and proteomic analyses in genetically engineered mice, we here describe a previously unrecognized function of vitronectin (VN) that enables this abundantly present glycoprotein to particularly promote the vascularization of PPE biomaterial. These properties of VN specifically facilitate the formation of a dense vessel network within the implant which relies on modulating the activity of angiogenic mediators rather than on the enrichment of these factors in the implant. Consequently, surface coating with this matricellular protein effectively accelerated and intensified implant vascularization which might be beneficial for its implementation at unfavorable sites for implantation without affecting the host's integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian E T Hessenauer
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Kirsten Lauber
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Zuchtriegel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernd Uhl
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Timon Hussain
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Canis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Strieth
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander Berghaus
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph A Reichel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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Aulakh GK. Neutrophils in the lung: “the first responders”. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 371:577-588. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2748-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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McDonnell CJ, Garciarena CD, Watkin RL, McHale TM, McLoughlin A, Claes J, Verhamme P, Cummins PM, Kerrigan SW. Inhibition of major integrin α V β 3 reduces Staphylococcus aureus attachment to sheared human endothelial cells. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14:2536-2547. [PMID: 27606892 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) binds and impairs function of vascular endothelial cells (EC). We investigated the molecular signals triggered by S. aureus adhesion to EC. Inhibition of the EC integrin αVβ3 reduces S. aureus binding and rescues EC function. αVβ3 blockade represents an attractive target to treat S. aureus bloodborne infections. SUMMARY Background Vascular endothelial dysfunction with associated edema and organ failure is one of the hallmarks of sepsis. Although a large number of microorganisms can cause sepsis, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the primary etiologic agents. Currently, there are no approved specific treatments for sepsis, and the initial management bundle is therefore focused on cardiorespiratory resuscitation and mitigation of the immediate threat of uncontrolled infection. The continuous emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria necessitates the development of new therapeutic approaches for this disease. Objective To identify the molecular mechanisms leading to endothelial dysfunction as a result of S. aureus binding. METHODS Binding of wild type and Clumping factor A (ClfA) deficient S. aureus Newman to the endothelium was measured in vitro and in the mesenteric circulation of C57Bl/6 mice. The effects of the αV β3 blocker-cilengitide-on bacterial binding, endothelial VE-cadherin expression, apoptosis, proliferation and permeability were assessed. Results The major S. aureus cell wall protein ClfA bound to endothelial cell αV β3 in the presence of fibrinogen. This interaction resulted in disturbances in barrier function mediated by VE-cadherin in endothelial cell monolayers, and ultimately cell death by apoptosis. With a low concentration of cilengitide, ClfA binding to αV β3 was significantly inhibited both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, preventing S. aureus from attaching to αV β3 resulted in a significant reduction in endothelial dysfunction following infection. Conclusion Inhibition of S. aureus ClfA binding to endothelial cell αV β3 by cilengitide prevents endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J McDonnell
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Infection Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C D Garciarena
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Infection Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R L Watkin
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Infection Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - T M McHale
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Infection Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A McLoughlin
- Endothelial Cell Research Group, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Claes
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - P Verhamme
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - P M Cummins
- Endothelial Cell Research Group, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S W Kerrigan
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Infection Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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14
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Hung YC, Hsu CC, Chung CH, Huang TF. The disintegrin, trimucrin, suppresses LPS-induced activation of phagocytes primarily through blockade of NF-κB and MAPK activation. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2016; 389:723-37. [PMID: 27030393 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1233-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In addition to antiplatelet activity, disintegrin, a small-mass RGD-containing polypeptide, has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects but the mechanism involved remains unclear. In this study, we report that trimucrin, a disintegrin from the venom of Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus, inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced stimulation of THP-1 and RAW 264.7 cells. We also investigate the underlying mechanism. Trimucrin decreased the release of proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nitric oxide, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inhibited the adhesion and migration of LPS-activated phagocytes. Trimucrin significantly blocked the expression of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB)-related downstream inducible enzymes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and COX-2. In addition, its anti-inflammatory effect was associated with the decreased mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation. Furthermore, trimucrin concentration dependently inhibited LPS-induced phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), PI3K, and Akt. Trimucrin also reversed the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB by suppressing the LPS-induced nuclear translocation of p65 and the cytosolic IκB release. Flow cytometric analyses showed that trimucrin bound to cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The anti-αVβ3 mAb also specifically decreased the binding of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated trimucrin. Binding assays demonstrated that integrin αVβ3 was the binding site for trimucrin on THP-1 and RAW 264.7 cells. In conclusion, we showed that trimucrin decreases the inflammatory reaction through the attenuation of iNOS expression and nitric oxide (NO) production by blocking MAP kinase and the NF-κB activation in LPS-stimulated THP-1 and RAW 264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chun Hung
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No1, Sec1, Jen-Ai Rd, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No1, Sec1, Jen-Ai Rd, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hu Chung
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tur-Fu Huang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No1, Sec1, Jen-Ai Rd, Taipei, Taiwan.
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15
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To Target or Not to Target: Active vs. Passive Tumor Homing of Filamentous Nanoparticles Based on Potato virus X. Cell Mol Bioeng 2015; 8:433-444. [PMID: 26316894 PMCID: PMC4540758 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-015-0388-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles are promising platforms for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Diverse classes and shapes of materials have been investigated to establish design principles that achieve the effective partitioning of medical cargos between tumors and healthy tissues. Molecular targeting strategies combined with specific nanoparticle shapes confer tissue-specificity on the carriers, allowing the cell-specific delivery of cargos. We recently developed a filamentous platform technology in which the plant virus Potato virus X (PVX) was used as a scaffold. These particles are flexible 515 × 13 nm filaments that encourage passive tumor homing. Here we sought to advance the PVX platform by including a molecular targeting strategy based on cyclic RGD peptides, which specifically bind to integrins upregulated on tumor cells, neovasculature, and metastatic sites. Although the RGD-targeted filaments outperformed the PEGylated stealth filaments in vitro, enhanced tumor cell targeting did not translate into improved tumor homing in vivo in mouse tumor models. The RGD-PVX and PEG-PVX filaments showed contrasting biodistribution profiles. Both formulations were cleared by the liver and spleen, but only the stealth filaments accumulated in tumors, whereas the RGD-targeted filaments were sequestered in the lungs. These results provide insight into the design principles for virus-based nanoparticles that promote the delivery of medical cargos to the appropriate cell types.
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16
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Opposing effects of collagen I and vitronectin on fibronectin fibril structure and function. Matrix Biol 2014; 34:33-45. [PMID: 24509439 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix fibronectin fibrils serve as passive structural supports for the organization of cells into tissues, yet can also actively stimulate a variety of cell and tissue functions, including cell proliferation. Factors that control and coordinate the functional activities of fibronectin fibrils are not known. Here, we compared effects of cell adhesion to vitronectin versus type I collagen on the assembly of and response to, extracellular matrix fibronectin fibrils. The amount of insoluble fibronectin matrix fibrils assembled by fibronectin-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts adherent to collagen- or vitronectin-coated substrates was not significantly different 20 h after fibronectin addition. However, the fibronectin matrix produced by vitronectin-adherent cells was ~10-fold less effective at enhancing cell proliferation than that of collagen-adherent cells. Increasing insoluble fibronectin levels with the fibronectin fragment, anastellin did not increase cell proliferation. Rather, native fibronectin fibrils polymerized by collagen- and vitronectin-adherent cells exhibited conformational differences in the growth-promoting, III-1 region of fibronectin, with collagen-adherent cells producing fibronectin fibrils in a more extended conformation. Fibronectin matrix assembly on either substrate was mediated by α5β1 integrins. However, on vitronectin-adherent cells, α5β1 integrins functioned in a lower activation state, characterized by reduced 9EG7 binding and decreased talin association. The inhibitory effect of vitronectin on fibronectin-mediated cell proliferation was localized to the cell-binding domain, but was not a general property of αvβ3 integrin-binding substrates. These data suggest that adhesion to vitronectin allows for the uncoupling of fibronectin fibril formation from downstream signaling events by reducing α5β1 integrin activation and fibronectin fibril extension.
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17
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Angiostatin inhibits activation and migration of neutrophils. Cell Tissue Res 2013; 355:375-96. [PMID: 24297047 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1753-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
There is a critical need to identify molecules that modulate the biology of neutrophils because activated neutrophils, though necessary for host defense, cause exuberant tissue damage through production of reactive oxygen species and increased lifespan. Angiostatin, an endogenous anti-angiogenic cleavage product of plasminogen, binds to integrin αvβ3, ATP synthase and angiomotin and its expression is increased in inflammatory conditions. We test the hypothesis that angiostatin inhibits neutrophil activation, induces apoptosis and blocks recruitment in vivo and in vitro. The data show immuno-reactivity for plasminogen/angiostatin in resting neutrophils. Angiostatin conjugated to FITC revealed that angiostatin was endocytozed by activated mouse and human neutrophils in a lipid raft-dependent fashion. Co-immunoprecipitation of human neutrophil lysates, confocal microscopy of isolated mouse and human neutrophils and functional blocking experiments showed that angiostatin complexes with flotillin-1 along with integrin αvβ3 and ATP synthase. Angiostatin inhibited fMLP-induced neutrophil polarization, as well as caused inhibition of hsp-27 phosphorylation and stabilization of microtubules. Angiostatin treatment, before or after LPS-induced neutrophil activation, inhibited phosphorylation of p38 and p44/42 MAPKs, abolished reactive oxygen species production and released the neutrophils from suppressed apoptosis, as indicated by expression of activated caspase-3 and morphological evidence of apoptosis. Finally, intravital microscopy and myeloperoxidase assay showed inhibition of neutrophil recruitment in post-capillary venules of TNFα-treated cremaster muscle in mouse. These in vitro and in vivo data demonstrate angiostatin as a broad deactivator and silencer of neutrophils and an inhibitor of their migration. These data potentially open new avenues for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs.
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18
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Aulakh GK, Suri SS, Singh B. Angiostatin inhibits acute lung injury in a mouse model. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 306:L58-68. [PMID: 24213918 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00368.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury is marked by profound influx of activated neutrophils, which have delayed apoptosis, along with fluid accumulation that impairs lung function and causes high mortality. Inflammatory and antimicrobial molecules, such as reactive oxygen species from activated neutrophils with prolonged lifespan, cause tissue damage and contribute to lung dysfunction. Angiostatin, an endogenous antiangiogenic molecule, is expressed in the lavage fluid of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and modifies neutrophil infiltration in a mouse model of peritonitis. Our aim was to investigate the therapeutic role of angiostatin in acute lung injury. We analyzed bronchoalveolar lavage and lung tissues from C57BL/6 mouse model of Escherichia coli LPS-induced acute lung injury to assess the effects of angiostatin treatment. Subcutaneous angiostatin administered at 5 h after LPS treatment reduces histological signs of inflammation, protein accumulation, lung Gr1+ neutrophils, myeloperoxidase activity, and expression of phosphorylated p38 MAPK in lung tissues and peripheral blood neutrophils, while increasing the number of apoptotic cells in the lungs without affecting the levels of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 α, IL-1β, keratinocyte chemoattractant, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in lavage and lung homogenates at 9 and 24 h after LPS treatment. In contrast, angiostatin administered intravenously 5 h after LPS treatment did not reduce histological sign of inflammation, BAL cell recruitment, and protein concentration at 9 h of LPS treatment. We conclude that angiostatin administered subcutaneously after LPS challenge inhibits acute lung inflammation up to 24 h after LPS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet K Aulakh
- 52 Campus Dr., Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, WCVM, Univ. of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5B4, Canada.
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19
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Bae HB, Tadie JM, Jiang S, Park DW, Bell CP, Thompson LC, Peterson CB, Thannickal VJ, Abraham E, Zmijewski JW. Vitronectin inhibits efferocytosis through interactions with apoptotic cells as well as with macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:2273-81. [PMID: 23345331 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Effective removal of apoptotic cells, particularly apoptotic neutrophils, is essential for the successful resolution of acute inflammatory conditions. In these experiments, we found that whereas interaction between vitronectin and integrins diminished the ability of macrophages to ingest apoptotic cells, interaction between vitronectin with urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) on the surface of apoptotic cells also had equally important inhibitory effects on efferocytosis. Preincubation of vitronectin with plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 eliminated its ability to inhibit phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. Similarly, incubation of apoptotic cells with soluble uPAR or Abs to uPAR significantly diminished efferocytosis. In the setting of LPS-induced ALI, enhanced efferocytosis and decreased numbers of neutrophils were found in bronchoalveolar lavage obtained from vitronectin-deficient (vtn(-/-)) mice compared with wild type (vtn(+/+)) mice. Furthermore, there was increased clearance of apoptotic vtn(-/-) as compared with vtn(+/+) neutrophils after introduction into the lungs of vtn(-/-) mice. Incubation of apoptotic vtn(-/-) neutrophils with purified vitronectin before intratracheal instillation decreased efferocytosis in vivo. These findings demonstrate that the inhibitory effects of vitronectin on efferocytosis involve interactions with both the engulfing phagocyte and the apoptotic target cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Beom Bae
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0012, USA
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Davis PJ, Glinsky GV, Lin HY, Incerpi S, Davis FB, Mousa SA, Tang HY, Hercbergs A, Luidens MK. Molecular mechanisms of actions of formulations of the thyroid hormone analogue, tetrac, on the inflammatory response. Endocr Res 2013; 38:112-8. [PMID: 23545000 DOI: 10.3109/07435800.2013.778865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac) and its nanoparticulate formulation (Nanotetrac) act at a cell surface receptor to block angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation. OBJECTIVE The complex anti-angiogenic properties of tetrac and Nanotetrac caused us to search in the literature and in certain of our unpublished mRNA experiments for evidence that these agents affect the early inflammatory response, perhaps through actions on specific cytokines and chemokines. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Tetrac and Nanotetrac inhibit expression in tumor cells of cytokine genes, e.g., specific interleukins, and chemokine genes, such as fractalkine (CX3CL1), and chemokine receptor genes (CX3CR1) that have been identified as high priority targets in the development of inflammation-suppressant drugs. The possibility is also examined that tetrac formulations have an effect on the function of inflammatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Davis
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York 12144, USA.
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21
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Abstract
Acute lung injury is a common disorder with a high mortality rate, but previous efforts to develop drugs to treat this disorder have been unsuccessful. In an effort to develop more effective treatments, we have been studying the molecular pathways that regulate the dysfunction of alveolar epithelial cells and endothelial cells that serve as a final common pathway leading to alveolar flooding. Using integrin subunit knockout mice and antibodies we developed by immunizing these mice, we have found important and distinct roles for the αvβ6 integrin on epithelial cells and the αvβ5 integrin on endothelial cells in mediating increases in alveolar permeability in multiple models of acute lung injury. We have also found therapeutic effects of αvβ5 inhibition in two models of septic shock even when the antibody was administered to animals that were obviously ill. These results identify αvβ6 and αvβ5 as promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of acute lung injury and septic shock.
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22
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Bae HB, Zmijewski JW, Deshane JS, Zhi D, Thompson LC, Peterson CB, Chaplin DD, Abraham E. Vitronectin inhibits neutrophil apoptosis through activation of integrin-associated signaling pathways. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012; 46:790-6. [PMID: 22281987 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2011-0187oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitronectin is present in large concentrations in serum and the extracellular matrix. Although vitronectin is known to modulate neutrophil adhesion and chemotaxis, and to contribute to neutrophil-associated proinflammatory processes, a role in apoptosis has not been demonstrated. In the present studies, we found that neutrophils demonstrated more rapid progression to spontaneous or TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-induced apoptosis when incubated under vitronectin-free conditions than when vitronectin was present. The ability of native vitronectin to delay neutrophil apoptosis was not recapitulated by the vitronectin somatomedin B domain. In contrast, inclusion of the cyclo[Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Val] peptide in cultures containing vitronectin resulted in enhanced neutrophil apoptosis, showing that the vitronectin RGD motif (Arg-Gly-Asp motif) was responsible for the antiapoptotic effects of vitronectin. Addition of antibodies to β(1), β(3), or β(5), but not to β(2) or β(4) integrins, reversed the ability of vitronectin to diminish neutrophil apoptosis. The ability of vitronectin to enhance neutrophil viability was dependent on activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 kinases, but not on the p38 kinase. Increased numbers of apoptotic neutrophils were present in the lungs of LPS-treated transgenic vitronectin-deficient mice, as compared with control mice. These results demonstrate a novel antiapoptotic function for vitronectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Beom Bae
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, 901 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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23
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Hsu CC, Chuang WJ, Chang CH, Tseng YL, Peng HC, Huang TF. Improvements in endotoxemic syndromes using a disintegrin, rhodostomin, through integrin αvβ3-dependent pathway. J Thromb Haemost 2011; 9:593-602. [PMID: 21143376 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.04163.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Septic shock is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care units, but there is still no effective therapy for the patients. We evaluated the effects of rhodostomin (Rn), an Arg-Gly-Asp-containing snake venom disintegrin, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated phagocytes in vitro and LPS-induced endotoxemia in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS Rn inhibited adhesion, migration, cytokine production and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation of macrophage induced by LPS. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that Rn specifically blocked anti-αv mAb binding to RAW264.7. Besides inhibiting MAPK activation of THP-1, Rn bound to LPS-activated THP-1 and specifically blocked anti-αvβ3 mAb binding to THP-1. Binding assays proved that integrin αvβ3 was the binding site for rhodostomin on phagocytes. Rn reversed the enhancement of fibronectin and vitronectin on LPS-induced monocyte adhesion and cytokine release. Transfection of integrin αv siRNA also inhibited LPS-induced activation of monocyte, and Rn exerted no further inhibitory effect. Furthermore, Rn significantly decreased the production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-a), interleukin (IL)-6, -1β and -10 and attenuated cardiovascular dysfunction, including blood pressure and heart pulse, and thrombocytopenia in LPS-induced endotoxemic mice. Rn also protected against tissue inflammation as evidenced by histological examination. CONCLUSIONS Rn may interact with αvβ3 integrin of monocytes/macrophages leading to interfere with the activation of phagocytes triggered by LPS. These results suggest that the protective function of Rn in LPS-induced endotoxemia may be attributed to its anti-inflammation activities in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-C Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Tsuruta Y, Park YJ, Siegal GP, Liu G, Abraham E. Involvement of Vitronectin in Lipopolysaccaride-Induced Acute Lung Injury. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:7079-86. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.10.7079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Pearce JW, Janardhan KS, Caldwell S, Singh B. Angiostatin and integrin ?v?3 in the feline, bovine, canine, equine, porcine and murine retina and cornea. Vet Ophthalmol 2007; 10:313-9. [PMID: 17760712 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2007.00560.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Angiogenesis is tightly controlled in the ocular tissues of domestic animals but its mechanisms are not fully understood. This is largely because of insufficient data on the expression of molecules that impact angiogenesis. Because angiostatin and one of its receptors integrin alphavbeta3 inhibit and promote angiogenesis, respectively, we hypothesized that the normal retina and cornea of domestic animals would express angiostatin but not integrin alphavbeta3. PROCEDURE Normal eyes of the cat, cow, dog, horse, pig and rat were evaluated for angiostatin and integrin alphavbeta3 by light and electron immunocytochemistry and estern blots. RESULTS Angiostatin was detected in the corneal epithelium of the cat, dog, horse, pig and rat, but was not found in cow corneal epithelium. Angiostatin was localized in the nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer, inner and outer plexiform layers, and the photoreceptor layer of the cat, cow, dog and rat. Horse and pig retinas showed additional staining in the matrix of the inner nuclear layer. Immunogold electron microscopy further confirmed angiostatin in cat retina. Western blots showed angiostatin in corneal and retinal homogenates. Integrin alphavbeta3 was absent in cornea and retina of all the species studied. CONCLUSION These data show that angiostatin, an inhibitor of angiogenesis, is present while integrin alphavbeta3, which promotes angiogenesis, is absent in normal cornea and retina of the domestic animals in this study with the exception being angiostatin absence in cow corneal epithelium. Therefore, angiostatin may contribute to the anti-angiogenic environment in the normal domestic animal eye while its absence in the cow may contribute to greater propensity for corneal vascularization. Because integrin alphavbeta3 is one of the receptors for angiostatin, its absence may prevent angiostatin from killing normal retinal and corneal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline W Pearce
- Immunology Research Group, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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