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Nrf2 Lowers the Risk of Lung Injury via Modulating the Airway Innate Immune Response Induced by Diesel Exhaust in Mice. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8100443. [PMID: 33096811 PMCID: PMC7589508 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8100443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the role of Nrf2 in airway immune responses induced by diesel exhaust (DE) inhalation in mice. C57BL/6J Nrf2+/+ and Nrf2−/− mice were exposed to DE or clean air for 8 h/day and 6 days/week for 4 weeks. After DE exposure, the number of neutrophils and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2 level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and interleukin (IL)-17 level in the lung tissue increased in Nrf2−/− mice compared with Nrf2+/+ mice; however, the lack of an increase in the level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the lung tissue in Nrf2+/+ mice and mild suppression of the level of TNF-α in Nrf2−/− mice were observed; the level of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in the lung tissue decreased in Nrf2−/− mice than in Nrf2+/+ mice; the number of DE particle-laden alveolar macrophages in BALF were larger in Nrf2−/− mice than in Nrf2+/+ mice. The results of electron microscope observations showed alveolar type II cell injury and degeneration of the lamellar body after DE exposure in Nrf2−/− mice. Antioxidant enzyme NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase (NQO)1 mRNA expression level was higher in Nrf2+/+ mice than in Nrf2−/− mice after DE exposure. Our results suggested that Nrf2 reduces the risk of pulmonary disease via modulating the airway innate immune response caused by DE in mice.
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Fizeșan I, Chary A, Cambier S, Moschini E, Serchi T, Nelissen I, Kiss B, Pop A, Loghin F, Gutleb AC. Responsiveness assessment of a 3D tetra-culture alveolar model exposed to diesel exhaust particulate matter. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 53:67-79. [PMID: 30081072 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the responses of a 3D tetra-culture alveolar model cultivated at the air-liquid-interface (ALI) after apical exposure to diesel exhaust particulate matter (DEPM) based on the three-tiered oxidative stress concept. The alveolar model exposed to increasing doses of DEPM (1.75-5 μg/cm2) responded with increasing activity of the anti-oxidant defense mechanisms (Nrf2 translocation, increased gene expression for anti-oxidant proteins and increased HMOX-1 synthesis) (tier 1). Higher exposure generated a proinflammatory response (NF-kB translocation, increased gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules, and increased IL-6 and IL-8 synthesis) (tier 2) and, finally, the highest doses applied resulted in a decrease of cell viability due to necrosis (extra-cellular release of LDH) or apoptosis (increased expression of the pro-apoptotic genes CASP7 and FAS) (tier 3). Overall, the results of our study demonstrate that the 3D tetra-culture model when directly exposed to DEPM potently generates a realistic response according to the three-tiered oxidative stress concept. Further evaluation and benchmarking against currently used in vivo rodent models is needed to show its suitability, and to serve in the future as an alternative for in vivo studies in the hazard evaluation of inhalable irritants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionel Fizeșan
- Toxicology Department, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Aline Chary
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Sébastien Cambier
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Elisa Moschini
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Tommaso Serchi
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Inge Nelissen
- Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO NV), Mol, Belgium
| | - Béla Kiss
- Toxicology Department, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Pop
- Toxicology Department, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Felicia Loghin
- Toxicology Department, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Arno C Gutleb
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg.
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Falcon-Rodriguez CI, De Vizcaya-Ruiz A, Rosas-Pérez IA, Osornio-Vargas ÁR, Segura-Medina P. Inhalation of concentrated PM 2.5 from Mexico City acts as an adjuvant in a guinea pig model of allergic asthma. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 228:474-483. [PMID: 28570992 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to Particulate Matter (PM) could function as an adjuvant depending on the city of origin in mice allergic asthma models. Therefore, our aim was to determine whether inhalation of fine particles (PM2.5) from Mexico City could act as an adjuvant inducing allergic sensitization and/or worsening the asthmatic response in guinea pig, as a suitable model of human asthma. Experimental groups were Non-Sensitized (NS group), sensitized with Ovalbumin (OVA) plus Aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) as adjuvant (S + Adj group), and sensitized (OVA) without adjuvant (S group). All the animals were exposed to Filtered Air (FA) or concentrated PM2.5 (5 h/daily/3 days), employing an aerosol concentrator system, PM2.5 composition was characterized. Lung function was evaluated by barometric plethysmography (Penh index). Inflammatory cells present in bronchoalveolar lavage were counted as well as OVA-specific IgG1 and IgE were determined by ELISA assay. Our results showed in sensitized animals without Al(OH)3, that the PM2.5 exposure (609 ± 12.73 μg/m3) acted as an adjuvant, triggering OVA-specific IgG1 and IgE concentration. Penh index increased ∼9-fold after OVA challenge in adjuvant-sensitized animals as well as in S + PM2.5 group (∼6-fold), meanwhile NS + FA and S + FA lacked response. S + Adj + PM2.5 group showed an increase significantly of eosinophils and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage. PM2.5 composition was made up of inorganic elements and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, as well as endotoxins and β-glucan, all these components could act as adjuvant. Our study demonstrated that acute inhalation of PM2.5 acted as an adjuvant, similar to the aluminum hydroxide effect, triggering allergic asthma in a guinea pig model. Furthermore, in sensitized animals with aluminum hydroxide an enhancing influence of PM2.5 exposure was observed as specific-hyperresponsiveness to OVA challenge (quickly response) and eosinophilic and neutrophilic airway inflammation. Fine particles from Mexico City is a complex mix, which play a significant role as adjuvant in allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Iván Falcon-Rodriguez
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria (CU), Del. Coyoacán, C.P. 04510 Ciudad de México (CDMX), Mexico; Departamento de Investigación en Hiperactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias (INER), Calz. de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Belisario Domínguez, Sección XVI, Del. Tlalpan, C.P. 14080 Ciudad de México (CDMX), Mexico.
| | - Andrea De Vizcaya-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Toxicología de Contaminantes Atmosféricos y Estrés Oxidativo, Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV)-Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07360 Ciudad de México (CDMX), Mexico.
| | - Irma Aurora Rosas-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Aerobiología, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, UNAM, Av. Universidad 3000, CU, Del. Coyoacán, C.P. 04360 Ciudad de México (CDMX), Mexico.
| | - Álvaro Román Osornio-Vargas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, 3-591 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405 87th Avenue, Edmonton T6G 1C9, Canada.
| | - Patricia Segura-Medina
- Departamento de Investigación en Hiperactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias (INER), Calz. de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Belisario Domínguez, Sección XVI, Del. Tlalpan, C.P. 14080 Ciudad de México (CDMX), Mexico.
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Nrf2 Regulates the Risk of a Diesel Exhaust Inhalation-Induced Immune Response during Bleomycin Lung Injury and Fibrosis in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030649. [PMID: 28304344 PMCID: PMC5372661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of diesel exhaust (DE) on an experimental model of bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung injury and fibrosis in mice. BLM was intravenously administered to both Nrf2+/+ and Nrf2−/− C57BL/6J mice on day 0. The mice were exposed to DE for 56 days from 28 days before the BLM injection to 28 days after the BLM injection. Inhalation of DE induced significant inhibition of airway clearance function and the proinflammatory cytokine secretion in macrophages, an increase in neutrophils, and severe lung inflammatory injury, which were greater in Nrf2−/− mice than in Nrf2+/+ mice. In contrast, inhalation of DE was observed to induce a greater increase of hydroxyproline content in the lung tissues and significantly higher pulmonary antioxidant enzyme mRNA expression in the Nrf2+/+ mice than in Nrf2−/− mice. DE is an important risk factor, and Nrf2 regulates the risk of a DE inhalation induced immune response during BLM lung injury and fibrosis in mice.
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Campbell A, Daher N, Solaimani P, Mendoza K, Sioutas C. Human brain derived cells respond in a type-specific manner after exposure to urban particulate matter (PM). Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 28:1290-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Kato T, Tada-Oikawa S, Wang L, Murata M, Kuribayashi K. Endocrine disruptors found in food contaminants enhance allergic sensitization through an oxidative stress that promotes the development of allergic airway inflammation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 273:10-8. [PMID: 24035973 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the past few decades, there has been a significant increase in incidence of allergic diseases. The hygiene hypothesis may provide some clues to explain this rising trend, but it may also be attributable to other environmental factors that exert a proallergic adjuvant effects. However, there is limited information on the risks of developing allergic asthma and related diseases through the ingestion of environmental chemicals found in food contaminants. In the present study, we have shown that oral administration of tributyltin, used as a model environmental chemical, induced oxidative-stress status in the bronchial lymph node, mesenteric lymph node and spleen, but not in the lung, where the initial step of allergic asthma pathogenesis takes place. Mice exposed to tributyltin exhibited heightened Th2 immunity to the allergen with more severe airway inflammation. Tributyltin also induced Treg cells apoptosis preferentially over non-Treg cells. All these effects of tributyltin exposure were canceled by the administration of glutathione monoethyl ester. Meanwhile, tributyltin did not affect airway inflammation of mice transferred with allergen-specific Th2 cells. Collectively, these results suggest that tributyltin exerts its pathological effect during the sensitization phase through oxidative stress that enhances the development of allergic diseases. The current study dissects the pathogenic role of oxidative stress induced by oral exposure to an environmental chemical during the sensitization phase of allergic airway inflammation and would be important for developing therapeutics for prevention of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Kato
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
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Sadakane K, Ichinose T, Takano H, Yanagisawa R, Inoue KI, Kawazato H, Yasuda A, Hayakawa K. Organic chemicals in diesel exhaust particles enhance picryl chloride-induced atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2013; 162:7-15. [PMID: 23817207 DOI: 10.1159/000350765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diesel exhaust particles (DEP) have been reported to worsen allergic airway inflammation in mice. Recently, the organic chemical components of DEP (DEP-OC) were found to be important contributors to the aggravation of allergic airway inflammation in mice. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of DEP-OC on atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin lesions induced by picryl chloride (PiCl) in NC/Nga mice. METHODS DEP were extracted with benzene/ethanol, and the soluble organic fraction formed the DEP-OC. NC/Nga male mice received simultaneous application of DEP-OC and/or PiCl on their ears once a week for 9 or 3 weeks. We evaluated skin lesions by noting scaling, eruption, excoriation, erosion, hemorrhage, pathologic changes, production of cytokines, and IgE level in the serum. RESULTS PiCl application alone produced progressively severe AD-like skin lesions. The application of PiCl plus DEP-OC resulted in a marked worsening of skin lesions in the early stages of AD. Moreover, mast cell counts significantly increased in the subcutaneous tissue. Administration of PiCl combined with DEP-OC resulted in a greater increase in the local expression of interleukin-4, keratinocyte chemoattractant, and neutrophils in subcutaneous tissue compared with PiCl treatment alone. In contrast, the combination treatment produced lower levels of IFN-γ compared with PiCl treatment alone. CONCLUSIONS DEP-OC application to the skin aggravated PiCl-induced AD. This aggravation may be due to activation of the Th2-associated immune responses by the organic chemicals in DEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Sadakane
- Department of Health Sciences, Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Oita, Japan
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Li YJ, Shimizu T, Hirata Y, Inagaki H, Takizawa H, Azuma A, Kawada T, Sugawara I, Kudoh S, Sunazuka T, Omura S. EM, EM703 inhibit NF-kB activation induced by oxidative stress from diesel exhaust particle in human bronchial epithelial cells: Importance in IL-8 transcription. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2013; 26:318-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2012.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Nrf2 is a protective factor against oxidative stresses induced by diesel exhaust particle in allergic asthma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:323607. [PMID: 23738037 PMCID: PMC3655666 DOI: 10.1155/2013/323607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that air pollutants, such as diesel exhaust particle (DEP), are implicated in the increased incidence of allergic airway disorders. In vitro studies of molecular mechanisms have focused on the role of reactive oxygen species generated directly and indirectly by the exposure to DEP. Antioxidants effectively reduce the allergic inflammatory effects induced by DEP both in vitro and in vivo. On the other hand, Nrf2 is a transcription factor essential for the inducible and/or constitutive expression of phase II and antioxidant enzymes. Disruption of Nrf2 enhances susceptibility to airway inflammatory responses and exacerbation of allergic inflammation induced by DEP in mice. Host responses to DEP are regulated by a balance between antioxidants and proinflammatory responses. Nrf2 may be an important protective factor against oxidative stresses induced by DEP in airway inflammation and allergic asthma and is expected to contribute to chemoprevention against DEP health effects in susceptible individuals.
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Vesterdal LK, Jantzen K, Sheykhzade M, Roursgaard M, Folkmann JK, Loft S, Møller P. Pulmonary exposure to particles from diesel exhaust, urban dust or single-walled carbon nanotubes and oxidatively damaged DNA and vascular function in apoE(-/-) mice. Nanotoxicology 2012; 8:61-71. [PMID: 23148895 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2012.750385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the oxidative stress level and vasomotor dysfunction after exposure to urban dust, diesel exhaust particles (DEP) or single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT). DEP and SWCNT increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cultured endothelial cells and acellullarly, whereas the exposure to urban dust did not generate ROS. The apoE(-/-) mice, which were exposed twice to 0.5 mg/kg of the particles by intratracheal (i.t.) instillation, had unaltered acetylcholine-elicited vasorelaxation in aorta segments. There was unaltered pulmonary expression level of Vcam-1, Icam-1, Hmox-1 and Ogg1. The levels of oxidatively damaged DNA were unchanged in lung tissue. The exposure to SWCNT significantly increased the expression of Ccl-2 in the lung tissue of the mice. The exposure to DEP and SWCNT was associated with elevated ROS production in cultured cells, whereas i.t. instillation of the same particles had no effect on biomarkers of pulmonary oxidative stress and dilatory dysfunction in the aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise K Vesterdal
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
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Peltier RE, Cromar KR, Ma Y, Fan ZHT, Lippmann M. Spatial and seasonal distribution of aerosol chemical components in New York City: (2) road dust and other tracers of traffic-generated air pollution. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2011; 21:484-94. [PMID: 21522187 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2011.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We describe spatial and temporal patterns of seven chemical elements commonly observed in fine particulate matter (PM) and thought to be linked to roadway emissions that were measured at residential locations in New York City (NYC). These elements, that is, Si, Al, Ti, Fe, Ba, Br, and black carbon (BC), were found to have significant spatial and temporal variability at our 10 residential PM(2.5) sampling locations. We also describe pilot study data of near-roadway samples of both PM(10-2.5) and PM(2.5) chemical elements of roadway emissions. PM(2.5) element concentrations collected on the George Washington Bridge (GWB) connecting NYC and New Jersey were higher that similar elemental concentration measured at residential locations. Coarse-particle elements (within PM(10-2.5)) on the GWB were 10-100 times higher in concentration than their PM(2.5) counterparts. Roadway elements were well correlated with one another in both the PM(2.5) and PM(10-2.5) fractions, suggesting common sources. The same elements in the PM(2.5) collected at residential locations were less correlated, suggesting either different sources or different processing mechanisms for each element. Despite the fact that these elements are only a fraction of total PM(2.5) or PM(10-2.5) mass, the results have important implications for near-roadway exposures where elements with known causal links to health effects are shown to be at elevated concentrations in both the PM(2.5) and PM(10-2.5) size ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E Peltier
- Division of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, School of Public Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts School of Public Health, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
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Abstract
The incidence of allergic diseases in most industrialized countries has increased. Although the exact mechanisms behind this rapid increase in prevalence remain uncertain, a variety of air pollutants have been attracting attention as one causative factor. Epidemiological and toxicological research suggests a causative relationship between air pollution and the increased incidence of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and other allergic disorders. These include ozone, nitrogen dioxide and, especially particulate matter, produced by traffic-related and industrial activities. Strong epidemiological evidence supports a relationship between air pollution and the exacerbation of asthma and other respiratory diseases. Recent studies have suggested that air pollutants play a role in the development of asthma and allergies. Researchers have elucidated the mechanisms whereby these pollutants induce adverse effects; they appear to affect the balance between antioxidant pathways and airway inflammation. Gene polymorphisms involved in antioxidant pathways can modify responses to air pollution exposure. While the characterization and monitoring of pollutant components currently dictates pollution control policies, it will be necessary to identify susceptible subpopulations to target therapy/prevention of pollution-induced respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Takizawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Pollution atmosphérique, facteur de risque des BPCO ? ARCH MAL PROF ENVIRO 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.admp.2010.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Gowdy KM, Krantz QT, King C, Boykin E, Jaspers I, Linak WP, Gilmour MI. Role of oxidative stress on diesel-enhanced influenza infection in mice. Part Fibre Toxicol 2010; 7:34. [PMID: 21092162 PMCID: PMC3001415 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-7-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that air pollutants, including diesel exhaust (DE), reduce host defenses, resulting in decreased resistance to respiratory infections. This study sought to determine if DE exposure could affect the severity of an ongoing influenza infection in mice, and examine if this could be modulated with antioxidants. BALB/c mice were treated by oropharyngeal aspiration with 50 plaque forming units of influenza A/HongKong/8/68 and immediately exposed to air or 0.5 mg/m3 DE (4 hrs/day, 14 days). Mice were necropsied on days 1, 4, 8 and 14 post-infection and lungs were assessed for virus titers, lung inflammation, immune cytokine expression and pulmonary responsiveness (PR) to inhaled methacholine. Exposure to DE during the course of infection caused an increase in viral titers at days 4 and 8 post-infection, which was associated with increased neutrophils and protein in the BAL, and an early increase in PR. Increased virus load was not caused by decreased interferon levels, since IFN-β levels were enhanced in these mice. Expression and production of IL-4 was significantly increased on day 1 and 4 p.i. while expression of the Th1 cytokines, IFN-γ and IL-12p40 was decreased. Treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine did not affect diesel-enhanced virus titers but blocked the DE-induced changes in cytokine profiles and lung inflammation. We conclude that exposure to DE during an influenza infection polarizes the local immune responses to an IL-4 dominated profile in association with increased viral disease, and some aspects of this effect can be reversed with antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kymberly M Gowdy
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T,W, Alexander Dr,, RTP, NC, 27711, USA
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Li YJ, Takizawa H, Azuma A, Kohyama T, Yamauchi Y, Takahashi S, Yamamoto M, Kawada T, Kudoh S, Sugawara I. Nrf2 is closely related to allergic airway inflammatory responses induced by low-dose diesel exhaust particles in mice. Clin Immunol 2010; 137:234-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2010.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2010] [Revised: 07/30/2010] [Accepted: 07/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Li YJ, Takizawa H, Azuma A, Kohyama T, Yamauchi Y, Kawada T, Kudoh S, Sugawara I. The effects of oxidative stress induced by prolonged low-dose diesel exhaust particle exposure on the generation of allergic airway inflammation differ between BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2010; 31:230-7. [PMID: 18791914 DOI: 10.1080/08923970802383316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We have recently reported that airway inflammatory responses to the oxidative stress induced by prolonged low-dose diesel exhaust particle (DEP) exposure differ markedly between BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. In the present study, the effects of genetic differences in the response to prolonged low-dose DEP exposure on the generation of ovalbumin-induced allergic airway inflammation were further explored using the same mouse strains. In BALB/c mice, eosinophils and mucous goblet cells in histopathological pulmonary specimens increased significantly after DEP exposure, and were more marked than in C57BL/6 mice. Interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were increased significantly by DEP exposure only in BALB/c mice. The DEP-induced increases in peribronchial eosinophils and mucous goblet cells in the lung tissues, and of IL-5 and IL-13 in the BAL fluid, were significantly attenuated by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. Thus, the effects of prolonged low-dose DEP exposure on the generation of allergic airway inflammation differed markedly between the mouse strains. These differences may be caused by different antioxidant responses to the oxidative stress induced by DEP exposure. Our results contribute more information to the search for genetic susceptibility factors in the response to DEP, and may thus assist in the discovery of new biomarkers for DEP-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ji Li
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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Wessels A, Van Berlo D, Boots AW, Gerloff K, Scherbart AM, Cassee FR, Gerlofs-Nijland ME, Van Schooten FJ, Albrecht C, Schins RPF. Oxidative stress and DNA damage responses in rat and mouse lung to inhaled carbon nanoparticles. Nanotoxicology 2010; 5:66-78. [PMID: 21417689 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2010.494773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated whether short-term nose-only inhalation exposure to electric spark discharge-generated carbon nanoparticles (∼60 nm) causes oxidative stress and DNA damage responses in the lungs of rats (152 μg/m(3); 4 h) and mice (142 μg/m(3); 4 h, or three times 4 h). In both species, no pulmonary inflammation and toxicity were detected by bronchoalveolar lavage or mRNA expression analyses. Oxidative DNA damage (measured by fpg-comet assay), was also not increased in mouse whole lung tissue or isolated lung epithelial cells from rat. In addition, the mRNA expressions of the DNA base excision repair genes OGG1, DNA Polβ and XRCC1 were not altered. However, in the lung epithelial cells isolated from the nanoparticle-exposed rats a small but significant increase in APE-1 mRNA expression was measured. Thus, short-term inhalation of carbon nanoparticles under the applied exposure regimen, does not cause oxidative stress and DNA damage in the lungs of healthy mice and rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Wessels
- Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF) an der Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf gGmbH, Germany
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18
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Comparative evaluation of the effects of short-term inhalation exposure to diesel engine exhaust on rat lung and brain. Arch Toxicol 2010; 84:553-62. [PMID: 20467864 PMCID: PMC2886900 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-010-0551-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Combustion-derived nanoparticles, such as diesel engine exhaust particles, have been implicated in the adverse health effects of particulate air pollution. Recent studies suggest that inhaled nanoparticles may also reach and/or affect the brain. The aim of our study was to comparatively evaluate the effects of short-term diesel engine exhaust (DEE) inhalation exposure on rat brain and lung. After 4 or 18 h recovery from a 2 h nose-only exposure to DEE (1.9 mg/m(3)), the mRNA expressions of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) were investigated in lung as well as in pituitary gland, hypothalamus, olfactory bulb, olfactory tubercles, cerebral cortex, and cerebellum. HO-1 protein expression in brain was investigated by immunohistochemistry and ELISA. In the lung, 4 h post-exposure, CYP1A1 and iNOS mRNA levels were increased, while 18 h post-exposure HO-1 was increased. In the pituitary at 4 h post-exposure, both CYP1A1 and HO-1 were increased; HO-1 was also elevated in the olfactory tuberculum at this time point. At 18 h post-exposure, increased expression of HO-1 and COX-2 was observed in cerebral cortex and cerebellum, respectively. Induction of HO-1 protein was not observed after DEE exposure. Bronchoalveolar lavage analysis of inflammatory cell influx, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 indicated that the mRNA expression changes occurred in the absence of lung inflammation. Our study shows that a single, short-term inhalation exposure to DEE triggers region-specific gene expression changes in rat brain to an extent comparable to those observed in the lung.
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19
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Allain YM, Roche N, Huchon G. [Atmospheric air pollution: a risk factor for COPD?]. Rev Mal Respir 2010; 27:349-63. [PMID: 20403545 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2010.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Accepted: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is the leading cause of COPD worldwide but other risk factors have been recognized. Air pollution is one of them, but its exact role in the development of COPD is hard to demonstrate. Its physiological effects on lung function have only been studied since the nineties by long and tedious cohort studies. Difficulties arise from the heterogeneity of air pollution (gas and particles); thus, its respiratory effects have to be examined for every component separately, and in different populations. It is also necessary to analyse the effects of atmospheric pollution in the short and the long term, considering both its physiological, clinical and toxicological effects, from childhood to adulthood. These factors make it difficult to obtain statistically significant results. Nevertheless, most studies seem to point to a role of air pollution in the development of COPD via oxydative stress but further studies are needed to confirm the exact effect of each component of air pollution on the respiratory tract. These studies could lead to improved public health policies and results are awaited that would identify at-risk populations, decide appropriate preventive measures and propose documented thresholds in pollution exposure... thereby limiting the spread of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-M Allain
- Service de pneumologie et réanimation, Hôtel-Dieu, université Paris Descartes, 1, place du Parvis de Notre-Dame, 75004 Paris, France
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20
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Maes T, Provoost S, Lanckacker EA, Cataldo DD, Vanoirbeek JAJ, Nemery B, Tournoy KG, Joos GF. Mouse models to unravel the role of inhaled pollutants on allergic sensitization and airway inflammation. Respir Res 2010; 11:7. [PMID: 20092634 PMCID: PMC2831838 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-11-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Air pollutant exposure has been linked to a rise in wheezing illnesses. Clinical data highlight that exposure to mainstream tobacco smoke (MS) and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) as well as exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) could promote allergic sensitization or aggravate symptoms of asthma, suggesting a role for these inhaled pollutants in the pathogenesis of asthma. Mouse models are a valuable tool to study the potential effects of these pollutants in the pathogenesis of asthma, with the opportunity to investigate their impact during processes leading to sensitization, acute inflammation and chronic disease. Mice allow us to perform mechanistic studies and to evaluate the importance of specific cell types in asthma pathogenesis. In this review, the major clinical effects of tobacco smoke and diesel exhaust exposure regarding to asthma development and progression are described. Clinical data are compared with findings from murine models of asthma and inhalable pollutant exposure. Moreover, the potential mechanisms by which both pollutants could aggravate asthma are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Maes
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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21
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Non-cancer health effects of diesel exhaust: A critical assessment of recent human and animal toxicological literature. Crit Rev Toxicol 2009; 39:195-227. [DOI: 10.1080/10408440802220603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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Li YJ, Takizawa H, Azuma A, Kohyama T, Yamauchi Y, Takahashi S, Yamamoto M, Kawada T, Kudoh S, Sugawara I. Disruption of Nrf2 enhances susceptibility to airway inflammatory responses induced by low-dose diesel exhaust particles in mice. Clin Immunol 2008; 128:366-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2008.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2008] [Revised: 05/15/2008] [Accepted: 05/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Stringer KA, Tobias M, Dunn JS, Campos J, Van Rheen Z, Mosharraf M, Nayar R. Accelerated dosing frequency of a pulmonary formulation of tissue plasminogen activator is well-tolerated in mice. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2008; 35:1454-60. [PMID: 18671720 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2008.05011.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
1. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) has both fibrinolytic and anti-inflammatory activity. These properties may be useful in treating inflammatory lung diseases, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). 2. We have previously demonstrated the feasibility of targeted pulmonary delivery of tPA. As part of our research to develop a clinically viable pulmonary formulation of tPA, we assessed the tolerability and incidence of haemorrhage associated with the administration of a pulmonary formulation of mouse tPA (pf-mtPA). 3. Intratracheal doses of nebulized pf-mtPA or sterile saline were administered with increasing frequency to male and female B6C3F1 mice. After dosing, the mice entered a recovery period, after which they were killed and their lungs were lavaged and harvested. Post-mortem gross necropsy was performed and all major organs were assessed histologically for haemorrhage. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was assessed for markers of lung injury. 4. Mouse tPA that was formulated to mimic a previously characterized human pf-tPA was well tolerated when given intratracheally with increasing dosing frequency. The administration of pf-mtPA did not result in any detectable haemorrhagic-related events or signs of lung injury. 5. The results of the present longitudinal study demonstrate that a maximally feasible dose of pf-mtPA (3 mg/kg) can be given frequently over a short period of time (12 h) without haemorrhagic complications. Although these data were generated in a healthy mouse model, they provide support for the continued evaluation of pf-tPA for the treatment of pulmonary diseases, such as ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Stringer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, USA.
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Li YJ, Kawada T, Takizawa H, Azuma A, Kudoh S, Sugawara I, Yamauchi Y, Kohyama T. Airway inflammatory responses to oxidative stress induced by prolonged low-dose diesel exhaust particle exposure from birth differ between mouse BALB/c and C57BL/6 strains. Exp Lung Res 2008; 34:125-39. [PMID: 18307122 DOI: 10.1080/01902140701884406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The authors used BALB/c and C57BL/6 mouse strains to search for genetically based differences in response to prolonged (6 months) low-dose (100 microg/m3) diesel exhaust particle (DEP) exposure from birth in terms of airway inflammatory responses. Histopathological assessment showed that inflammatory cells infiltrated the perivascular areas only in C57BL/6 mice. The count of DEP-laden alveolar macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was significantly greater in BALB/c mice (P < .05) than in C57BL/6 mice. The lymphocyte and eosinophil count in BAL fluid was significantly greater in C57BL/6 mice (P < .05) than in BALB/c mice. Immunoglobulin (Ig) IgG1 and IgG2 levels in serum, and the monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 level in BAL fluid were significantly greater in BALB/c mice than in C57BL/6 mice. The interleukin (IL)-12 level in BAL fluid was significantly greater in C57BL/6 mice than in BALB/c mice, but the IL-13 level in BAL fluid was significantly less in BALB/c mice than in C57BL/6 mice. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) mRNA expression and protein production in lung tissues were significantly lower in C57BL/6 mice than in BALB/c mice, and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) level in the lung tissues were significantly greater in C57BL/6 mice than in BALB/c mice. In conclusion, prolonged low-dose DEP exposure induces airway inflammatory responses that differ remarkably among mouse strains; these differences are caused by differences in the host defense response to the oxidative stress induced by DEP exposure and may be useful in the development of biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ji Li
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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