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Sivaraman K, Wrenger S, Liu B, Schaudien D, Hesse C, Gomez-Mariano G, Perez-Luz S, Sewald K, DeLuca D, Wurm MJ, Pino P, Welte T, Martinez-Delgado B, Janciauskiene S. Mice inflammatory responses to inhaled aerosolized LPS: effects of various forms of human alpha1-antitrypsin. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 113:58-70. [PMID: 36822165 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Rodent models of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pulmonary inflammation are used for anti-inflammatory drug testing. We aimed to characterize mice responses to aerosolized LPS alone or with intraperitoneal (i.p.) delivery of alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT). Balb/c mice were exposed to clean air or aerosolized LPS (0.21 mg/mL) for 10 min per day, for 3 d. One hour after each challenge, animals were treated i.p. with saline or with (4 mg/kg body weight) one of the AAT preparations: native (AAT), oxidized (oxAAT), recombinant (recAAT), or peptide of AAT (C-36). Experiments were terminated 6 h after the last dose of AATs. Transcriptome data of mice lungs exposed to clean air versus LPS revealed 656 differentially expressed genes and 155 significant gene ontology terms, including neutrophil migration and toll-like receptor signaling pathways. Concordantly, mice inhaling LPS showed higher bronchoalveolar lavage fluid neutrophil counts and levels of myeloperoxidase, inducible nitric oxide synthase, IL-1β, TNFα, KC, IL-6, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Plasma inflammatory markers did not increase. After i.p. application of AATs, about 1% to 2% of proteins reached the lungs but, except for GM-CSF, none of the proteins significantly influenced inflammatory markers. All AATs and C-36 significantly inhibited LPS-induced GM-CSF release. Surprisingly, only oxAAT decreased the expression of several LPS-induced inflammatory genes, such as Cxcl3, Cd14, Il1b, Nfkb1, and Nfkb2, in lung tissues. According to lung transcriptome data, oxAAT mostly affected genes related to transcriptional regulation while native AAT or recAAT affected genes of inflammatory pathways. Hence, we present a feasible mice model of local lung inflammation induced via aerosolized LPS that can be useful for systemic drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kokilavani Sivaraman
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases and BREATH German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabine Wrenger
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases and BREATH German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases and BREATH German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dirk Schaudien
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Hesse
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.,Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gema Gomez-Mariano
- Molecular Genetics, Institute of Rare Diseases Research, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en red de Enfermedades Raras, U758 (CIBERER), Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Sara Perez-Luz
- Molecular Genetics, Institute of Rare Diseases Research, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en red de Enfermedades Raras, U758 (CIBERER), Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Katherina Sewald
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - David DeLuca
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases and BREATH German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | - Tobias Welte
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases and BREATH German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Beatriz Martinez-Delgado
- Molecular Genetics, Institute of Rare Diseases Research, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en red de Enfermedades Raras, U758 (CIBERER), Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Sabina Janciauskiene
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases and BREATH German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Warsaw, Poland
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Kamiya S, Shimizu K, Okada A, Inoshima Y. Induction of Serum Amyloid A3 in Mouse Mammary Epithelial Cells Stimulated with Lipopolysaccharide and Lipoteichoic Acid. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061548. [PMID: 34070499 PMCID: PMC8230092 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute phase protein present in mammals and birds. Based on the amino acid sequence, SAA has been classified into isoforms SAA1–4 in mice. Previously, it was reported that after the stimulation with bacterial antigens, the expression of the Saa3 mRNA was induced more strongly than that of the Saa1 mRNA in mouse epithelia, including colonic and alveolar epithelial cells, indicating that SAA3 plays a role in the local response. However, the contribution of SAA3 to the local response in mouse mammary epithelium, where mastitis occurs due to bacterial infection, has not been completely determined yet. In this study, to clarify whether mouse SAA3 has a role in the defense against bacterial infection in mouse mammary epithelium, normal murine mammary gland (NMuMG) epithelial cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA). LPS and LTA significantly enhanced mRNA expression level of the Saa3 gene but not that of Saa1. Furthermore, LPS induced SAA3 protein expression more strongly than LTA. Our data indicate that SAA3 expression in mouse mammary epithelial cells was increased by the stimulation with bacterial antigens, suggesting that SAA3 is involved in the defense against bacterial infection in mouse mammary epithelium. Abstract In this study, to establish whether serum amyloid A (SAA) 3 plays a role in the defense against bacterial infection in mouse mammary epithelium, normal murine mammary gland (NMuMG) epithelial cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA). LPS and LTA significantly enhanced mRNA expression level of the Saa3 gene, whereas no significant change was observed in the Saa1 mRNA level. Furthermore, LPS induced SAA3 protein expression more strongly than LTA, whereas neither LPS nor LTA significantly affected SAA1 protein expression. These data indicate that the expression of SAA3 in mouse mammary epithelial cells was increased by the stimulation with bacterial antigens. SAA3 has been reported to stimulate neutrophils in the intestinal epithelium and increase interleukin-22 expression, which induces activation of the innate immune system and production of antibacterial proteins, such as antimicrobial peptides. Therefore, collectively, these data suggest that SAA3 is involved in the defense against bacterial infection in mouse mammary epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sato Kamiya
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; (S.K.); (K.S.); (A.O.)
| | - Kaori Shimizu
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; (S.K.); (K.S.); (A.O.)
| | - Ayaka Okada
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; (S.K.); (K.S.); (A.O.)
- Education and Research Center for Food Animal Health, Gifu University (GeFAH), Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yasuo Inoshima
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; (S.K.); (K.S.); (A.O.)
- Education and Research Center for Food Animal Health, Gifu University (GeFAH), Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-58-293-2863
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