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Bekdas M, Saygi B, Kilinc YB, Kilinc E. Plasma levels of neurogenic inflammation related neuropeptides in pediatric patients with community-acquired pneumonia and their potential diagnostic value in distinguishing viral and bacterial pneumonia. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:1619-1627. [PMID: 38183438 PMCID: PMC11001734 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-05417-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Neurogenic inflammation is involved in the development and progression of respiratory inflammatory diseases. However, its role in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains unclear. We therefore aimed to investigate plasma levels of neurogenic inflammation-related neuropeptides, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY), and procalcitonin (PCT) in pediatric patients with CAP and to assess their diagnostic value in viral and bacterial/mixed pneumonia. A total of 124 pediatric patients with CAP (1 month-18 years old) and 56 healthy children of similar ages were prospectively enrolled. The patients were classified as viral (n = 99) and bacterial/mixed (n = 25) pneumonia. Plasma levels of the peptides were quantified by ELISA. ROC analysis was performed to evaluate possible diagnostic value of the peptides. While plasma levels of CGRP, VIP and PCT were significantly higher in patients with CAP than in the control group, respectively, NPY levels were significantly lower. Moreover, plasma levels of all neuropeptides and PCT were significantly higher in bacterial pneumonia patients compared to viral pneumonia patients. ROC analysis revealed that CGRP, SP and NPY had a diagnostic value in distinguishing viral and bacterial/mixed pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that these neuropeptides may be implicated in pediatric CAP. CGRP, SP and NPY together may be a promising candidate in distinguishing viral and bacterial/mixed pneumonia, however, for this, further studies are needed. WHAT IS KNOWN • Neurogenic inflammation contributes to the development and progression of respiratory inflammatory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma. WHAT IS NEW • Plasma levels of neurogenic inflammation related neuropeptides calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide and neuropeptide Y are changed in pediatric community-acquired pneumonia. Calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P and neuropeptide Y are promising candidates in distinguishing viral and bacterial/mixed pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervan Bekdas
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Bilgi Saygi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | | | - Erkan Kilinc
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey.
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Vasconez Martinez MG, Reihs EI, Stuetz HM, Hafner A, Brandauer K, Selinger F, Schuller P, Bastus N, Puntes V, Frank J, Tomischko W, Frauenlob M, Ertl P, Resch C, Bauer G, Povoden G, Rothbauer M. Using Rapid Prototyping to Develop a Cell-Based Platform with Electrical Impedance Sensor Membranes for In Vitro RPMI2650 Nasal Nanotoxicology Monitoring. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:107. [PMID: 38392026 PMCID: PMC10886737 DOI: 10.3390/bios14020107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Due to advances in additive manufacturing and prototyping, affordable and rapid microfluidic sensor-integrated assays can be fabricated using additive manufacturing, xurography and electrode shadow masking to create versatile platform technologies aimed toward qualitative assessment of acute cytotoxic or cytolytic events using stand-alone biochip platforms in the context of environmental risk assessment. In the current study, we established a nasal mucosa biosensing platform using RPMI2650 mucosa cells inside a membrane-integrated impedance-sensing biochip using exclusively rapid prototyping technologies. In a final proof-of-concept, we applied this biosensing platform to create human cell models of nasal mucosa for monitoring the acute cytotoxic effect of zinc oxide reference nanoparticles. Our data generated with the biochip platform successfully monitored the acute toxicity and cytolytic activity of 6 mM zinc oxide nanoparticles, which was non-invasively monitored as a negative impedance slope on nasal epithelial models, demonstrating the feasibility of rapid prototyping technologies such as additive manufacturing and xurography for cell-based platform development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateo Gabriel Vasconez Martinez
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (M.G.V.M.); (E.I.R.); (K.B.); (P.S.); (M.F.); (P.E.)
| | - Eva I. Reihs
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (M.G.V.M.); (E.I.R.); (K.B.); (P.S.); (M.F.); (P.E.)
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-22, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Helene M. Stuetz
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (M.G.V.M.); (E.I.R.); (K.B.); (P.S.); (M.F.); (P.E.)
| | - Astrid Hafner
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (M.G.V.M.); (E.I.R.); (K.B.); (P.S.); (M.F.); (P.E.)
| | - Konstanze Brandauer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (M.G.V.M.); (E.I.R.); (K.B.); (P.S.); (M.F.); (P.E.)
| | - Florian Selinger
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (M.G.V.M.); (E.I.R.); (K.B.); (P.S.); (M.F.); (P.E.)
| | - Patrick Schuller
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (M.G.V.M.); (E.I.R.); (K.B.); (P.S.); (M.F.); (P.E.)
| | - Neus Bastus
- Catalan Institute of Nanotechnology, UAB Campus, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (N.B.); (V.P.)
| | - Victor Puntes
- Catalan Institute of Nanotechnology, UAB Campus, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (N.B.); (V.P.)
| | - Johannes Frank
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (J.F.); (W.T.)
| | - Wolfgang Tomischko
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (J.F.); (W.T.)
| | - Martin Frauenlob
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (M.G.V.M.); (E.I.R.); (K.B.); (P.S.); (M.F.); (P.E.)
| | - Peter Ertl
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (M.G.V.M.); (E.I.R.); (K.B.); (P.S.); (M.F.); (P.E.)
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (J.F.); (W.T.)
| | - Christian Resch
- Science, Research, and Development Division, Austrian Federal Ministry of Defence, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Bauer
- Science, Research, and Development Division, Austrian Federal Ministry of Defence, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- CBRN-Defence-Centre, Austrian Armed Forces, 2100 Korneuburg, Austria
| | - Guenter Povoden
- CBRN-Defence-Centre, Austrian Armed Forces, 2100 Korneuburg, Austria
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Department for Legal Philosophy, Law of Religion and Culture, University Vienna, Freyung 6, 1010 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), IFA Building 1, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Mario Rothbauer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (M.G.V.M.); (E.I.R.); (K.B.); (P.S.); (M.F.); (P.E.)
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-22, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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On the Efficacy of ZnO Nanostructures against SARS-CoV-2. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063040. [PMID: 35328455 PMCID: PMC8950216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2019, the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19), related to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), started spreading around the word, giving rise to the world pandemic we are still facing. Since then, many strategies for the prevention and control of COVID-19 have been studied and implemented. In addition to pharmacological treatments and vaccines, it is mandatory to ensure the cleaning and disinfection of the skin and inanimate surfaces, especially in those contexts where the contagion could spread quickly, such as hospitals and clinical laboratories, schools, transport, and public places in general. Here, we report the efficacy of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnONPs) against SARS-CoV-2. NPs were produced using an ecofriendly method and fully characterized; their antiviral activity was tested in vitro against SARS-CoV-2, showing a decrease in viral load between 70% and 90%, as a function of the material’s composition. Application of these nano-antimicrobials as coatings for commonly touched surfaces is envisaged.
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Smoking behavior might affect allergic rhinitis and vasomotor rhinitis differently: A mendelian randomization appraisal. World Allergy Organ J 2022; 15:100630. [PMID: 35228855 PMCID: PMC8844647 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2022.100630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Allergic rhinitis and vasomotor rhinitis are harassing numerous patients and their risk factors have not been well investigated. Here, we try to identify their risk factors and distinguish these 2 diseases. Methods A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was implemented to discover the risk factors of allergic and vasomotor rhinitis. Based on previous studies, we selected 15 potential risk factors and the genome-wide summary statistics were extracted from the non-FinnGen consortium. The genome-wide summary statistics of rhinitis were obtained from the FinnGen consortium. Both univariable MR and multivariable MR analyses were performed to identify the causal risk factors. The Cochrane's Q value was calculated to appraise the heterogeneity. MR-Egger intercept and MR-RPESSO were utilized to appraise the pleiotropy. Results In the univariable model, the number of cigarettes per day can decrease the risk of allergic rhinitis (IVW OR = 0.29[0.18, 0.47], p-value = 2.70 × 10−7) while increasing the risk of vasomotor rhinitis (IVW OR = 1.30[1.04, 1.62], p-value = 0.022). Besides, no other risk factors could affect the risk of either allergic or vasomotor rhinitis. After adjusting for age of smoking initiation and alcohol intake, the cigarettes per day could still decrease the risk of allergic rhinitis (IVW OR = 4.66 × 10−3 [1.99 × 10−4, 0.11], p-value = 0.003) while not affecting the risk of vasomotor rhinitis (IVW OR = 0.92[0.44, 1.96], p-value = 0.834). Conclusion Smoking can affect the risk of allergic and vasomotor rhinitis differently where it decreases the risk of allergic rhinitis and increases the risk of vasomotor rhinitis.
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Neuropeptide Y Reduces Nasal Epithelial T2R Bitter Taste Receptor-Stimulated Nitric Oxide Production. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103392. [PMID: 34684394 PMCID: PMC8538228 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) are G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) expressed on the tongue but also in various locations throughout the body, including on motile cilia within the upper and lower airways. Within the nasal airway, T2Rs detect secreted bacterial ligands and initiate bactericidal nitric oxide (NO) responses, which also increase ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and mucociliary clearance of pathogens. Various neuropeptides, including neuropeptide tyrosine (neuropeptide Y or NPY), control physiological processes in the airway including cytokine release, fluid secretion, and ciliary beating. NPY levels and/or density of NPYergic neurons may be increased in some sinonasal diseases. We hypothesized that NPY modulates cilia-localized T2R responses in nasal epithelia. Using primary sinonasal epithelial cells cultured at air–liquid interface (ALI), we demonstrate that NPY reduces CBF through NPY2R activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and attenuates responses to T2R14 agonist apigenin. We find that NPY does not alter T2R-induced calcium elevation but does reduce T2R-stimulated NO production via a PKC-dependent process. This study extends our understanding of how T2R responses are modulated within the inflammatory environment of sinonasal diseases, which may improve our ability to effectively treat these disorders.
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McMahon DB, Carey RM, Kohanski MA, Tong CCL, Papagiannopoulos P, Adappa ND, Palmer JN, Lee RJ. Neuropeptide regulation of secretion and inflammation in human airway gland serous cells. Eur Respir J 2020; 55:13993003.01386-2019. [PMID: 32029445 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01386-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Airway submucosal gland serous cells are sites of expression of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and are important for fluid secretion in conducting airways. To elucidate how neuropeptides regulate serous cells, we tested if human nasal turbinate serous cells secrete bicarbonate (HCO3 -), important for mucus polymerisation and antimicrobial peptide function, during stimulation with cAMP-elevating vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and if this requires CFTR. Serous cells stimulated with VIP exhibited a ∼15-20% cAMP-dependent decrease in cell volume and a ∼0.15 unit decrease in intracellular pH (pHi), reflecting activation of Cl- and HCO3 - secretion, respectively. HCO3 - secretion was directly dependent on CFTR and was absent in cells from CF patients. In contrast, neuropeptide Y (NPY) reduced VIP-evoked cAMP increases, CFTR activation, and Cl-/HCO3 - secretion. Culture of primary serous cells in a model that maintained a serous phenotype confirmed the activating and inhibiting effects of VIP and NPY, respectively, on fluid and HCO3 - secretion. Moreover, VIP enhanced antimicrobial peptide secretion and antimicrobial efficacy of secretions while NPY reduced antimicrobial efficacy. In contrast, NPY enhanced cytokine release while VIP reduced cytokine release through a mechanism requiring CFTR. As levels of VIP and NPY are up-regulated in diseases like allergy, asthma, and chronic rhinosinusitis, the balance of these two peptides in the airway may control mucus rheology and inflammatory responses in serous cells. Furthermore, the loss of CFTR conductance in serous cells may contribute to CF pathophysiology by increasing serous cells inflammatory responses in addition to directly impairing Cl- and HCO3 - secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek B McMahon
- Dept of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ryan M Carey
- Dept of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael A Kohanski
- Dept of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Charles C L Tong
- Dept of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter Papagiannopoulos
- Dept of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nithin D Adappa
- Dept of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James N Palmer
- Dept of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert J Lee
- Dept of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Dept of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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An Analysis of Neuropeptides at Nasal Contact Points of Patients With Secondary Headache. J Craniofac Surg 2017; 27:e305-9. [PMID: 27054429 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000002553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This prospective research study was designed to analyze the surgical outcomes and the intensity of substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NA), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in contact and noncontact nasal mucosa of patients with headache. METHODS Twenty adults with secondary headache and correctible nasal obstruction were included in this study. The patients had nasal contact points between the nasal septum and the middle or inferior turbinates on nasal endoscopy and computed tomography scan. During surgical procedures, sample tissues were obtained from the nasal contact point and the noncontact area of the lateral nasal wall of these patients. Fluorescein staining intensity for antibodies against SP, NA, and CGRP was analyzed using image J software. Headaches were evaluated using a visual analog scale preoperatively and postoperatively. RESULTS The differences between the preoperative and the postoperative 3rd month (P < 0.001) and 12th month (P < 0.001) visual analog scale scores were statistically significant. However, fluorescein staining intensity for SP (P = 0.631), NA (P = 0.546), and CGRP (P = 0.683) did not show statistically significant differences between the contact mucosa and the noncontact mucosa groups. CONCLUSIONS Although in selected patients significant relief of headache can be obtained by surgery, there is no evidence from this study that SP, NA, and CGRP are responsible for the initiation of headache.
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Springer J, Scholz FR, Peiser C, Dinh QT, Fischer A, Quarcoo D, Groneberg DA. Transcriptional down-regulation of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-3 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Occup Med Toxicol 2013; 8:29. [PMID: 24138793 PMCID: PMC4015747 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6673-8-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco is a leading environmental factor in the initiation of respiratory diseases and causes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family members are involved in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases and SOCS-3 has been shown to play an important role in the regulation, onset and maintenance of airway allergic inflammation indicating that SOCS-3 displays a potential therapeutic target for anti-inflammatory respiratory drugs development. Since chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is also characterized by inflammatory changes and airflow limitation, the present study assessed the transcriptional expression of SOCS-3 in COPD. METHODS Real-time PCR was performed to assess quantitative changes in bronchial biopsies of COPD patients in comparison to unaffected controls. RESULTS SOCS-3 was significantly down-regulated in COPD at the transcriptional level while SOCS-4 and SOCS-5 displayed no change. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that the presently observed inhibition of SOCS-3 mRNA expression may be related to the dysbalance of cytokine signaling observed in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Springer
- Allergy-Centre-Charité, Pneumology and Immunology, Charité – Unversitätsmedizin Berlin, Free University and Humboldt University, Berlin D-13353, Germany
- Division of Applied Cachexia Research, Dept. of Medicine, Charité – Unversitätsmedizin Berlin, Free University and Humboldt-University, Berlin D-13353, Germany
| | - Frank R Scholz
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Charité – Unversitätsmedizin Berlin, Free University and Humboldt University, Berlin D-13353, Germany
| | - Christian Peiser
- Allergy-Centre-Charité, Pneumology and Immunology, Charité – Unversitätsmedizin Berlin, Free University and Humboldt University, Berlin D-13353, Germany
| | - Q Thai Dinh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical School of Hannover, Hannover D-30625, Germany
| | - Axel Fischer
- Allergy-Centre-Charité, Pneumology and Immunology, Charité – Unversitätsmedizin Berlin, Free University and Humboldt University, Berlin D-13353, Germany
| | - David Quarcoo
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University, Frankfurt 60590, Germany
| | - David A Groneberg
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University, Frankfurt 60590, Germany
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Lambert EM, Patel CB, Fakhri S, Citardi MJ, Luong A. Optical rhinometry in nonallergic irritant rhinitis: a capsaicin challenge study. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2013; 3:795-800. [DOI: 10.1002/alr.21184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elton M. Lambert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Texas Sinus Institute; University of Texas Medical School at Houston; Houston TX
| | - Chirag B. Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, James H. Quillen College of Medicine; East Tennessee State University; Johnson City TN
| | - Samer Fakhri
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Texas Sinus Institute; University of Texas Medical School at Houston; Houston TX
| | - Martin J. Citardi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Texas Sinus Institute; University of Texas Medical School at Houston; Houston TX
| | - Amber Luong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Texas Sinus Institute; University of Texas Medical School at Houston; Houston TX
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Nozad CH, Michael LM, Betty Lew D, Michael CF. Non-allergic rhinitis: a case report and review. Clin Mol Allergy 2010; 8:1. [PMID: 20181075 PMCID: PMC2835646 DOI: 10.1186/1476-7961-8-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhinitis is characterized by rhinorrhea, sneezing, nasal congestion, nasal itch and/or postnasal drip. Often the first step in arriving at a diagnosis is to exclude or diagnose sensitivity to inhalant allergens. Non-allergic rhinitis (NAR) comprises multiple distinct conditions that may even co-exist with allergic rhinitis (AR). They may differ in their presentation and treatment. As well, the pathogenesis of NAR is not clearly elucidated and likely varied. There are many conditions that can have similar presentations to NAR or AR, including nasal polyps, anatomical/mechanical factors, autoimmune diseases, metabolic conditions, genetic conditions and immunodeficiency. Here we present a case of a rare condition initially diagnosed and treated as typical allergic rhinitis vs. vasomotor rhinitis, but found to be something much more serious. This case illustrates the importance of maintaining an appropriate differential diagnosis for a complaint routinely seen as mundane. The case presentation is followed by a review of the potential causes and pathogenesis of NAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus H Nozad
- Division of Clinical Immunology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 50 North Dunlap St, RM 401 WPT, Memphis, TN, USA.
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O'Hanlon S, Facer P, Simpson KD, Sandhu G, Saleh HA, Anand P. Neuronal markers in allergic rhinitis: expression and correlation with sensory testing. Laryngoscope 2007; 117:1519-27. [PMID: 17667132 DOI: 10.1097/mlg.0b013e3180ca7846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although the role of immunoglobulin E-mediated hypersensitivity reactions in allergic rhinitis is well known, the relative contribution of sensory nerves to the symptoms of rhinitis is uncertain. This study looked at the level of specific neuronal markers including the nerve marker protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), sensory and autonomic neuropeptides, the capsaicin/heat receptor TRPV1, and nerve growth factor (NGF) in patients with allergic rhinitis and controls and their correlation with nasal sensitivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty patients (23 controls, 17 rhinitis) having nasal surgery were recruited. Nasal sensitivity was tested using graded monofilaments. Inferior turbinate biopsies were collected and studied using immunohistology, with measurement of nerve fibers by direct observation or computerized image analysis. RESULTS Nerve fibers (PGP 9.5) in the epithelium, subepithelium, and glandular/vascular regions were significantly increased in allergic rhinitis (P=.037, <.01, and .04, respectively), as were subepithelial and glandular/vascular fibers immunoreactive for neuropeptide substance P (P=.04 subepithelium; .02 glandular/vascular) and neuropeptide tyrosine (P<.01 glandular/vascular), markers for sensory and sympathetic nerves, respectively. TRPV1 epithelial fiber counts were higher in rhinitis, but this was not statistically significant. Epithelial NGF immunoreactivity (% area) was significantly increased in rhinitis (P=.027). Nasal sensitivity was correlated significantly with PGP 9.5 subepithelial innervation (control touch P=.023, irritation P=.046; rhinitis touch P=.042, irritation P=.043). A correlation was also observed between epithelial NGF and subepithelial PGP 9.5 innervation, which included all subjects (P=.044). CONCLUSION The increased number and specific phenotypical changes of sensory nerves may play a role in nasal hypersensitivity and provide new targets for the treatment of rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen O'Hanlon
- Peripheral Neuropathy Unit, Hammersmith Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Groneberg-Kloft B, Kraus T, Mark AV, Wagner U, Fischer A. Analysing the causes of chronic cough: relation to diesel exhaust, ozone, nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides and other environmental factors. J Occup Med Toxicol 2006; 1:6. [PMID: 16722555 PMCID: PMC1526746 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6673-1-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2005] [Accepted: 05/18/2006] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution remains a leading cause of many respiratory diseases including chronic cough. Although episodes of incidental, dramatic air pollution are relatively rare, current levels of exposure of pollutants in industrialized and developing countries such as total articles, diesel exhaust particles and common cigarette smoke may be responsible for the development of chronic cough both in children and adults. The present study analyses the effects of common environmental factors as potential causes of chronic cough. Different PubMed-based researches were performed that related the term cough to various environmental factors. There is some evidence that chronic inhalation of diesel can lead to the development of cough. For long-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), children were found to exhibit increased incidences of chronic cough and decreased lung function parameters. Although a number of studies did not show that outdoor pollution directly causes the development of asthma, they have demonstrated that high levels pollutants and their interaction with sunlight produce ozone (O3) and that repeated exposure to it can lead to chronic cough. In summary, next to the well-known air pollutants which also include particulate matter and sulphur dioxide, a number of other indoor and outdoor pollutants have been demonstrated to cause chronic cough and therefore, environmental factors have to be taken into account as potential initiators of both adult and pediatric chronic cough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrix Groneberg-Kloft
- Division of Allergy Research, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Free University and Humboldt-University, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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Groneberg DA, Nowak D, Wussow A, Fischer A. Chronic cough due to occupational factors. J Occup Med Toxicol 2006; 1:3. [PMID: 16722562 PMCID: PMC1436005 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6673-1-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2005] [Accepted: 02/02/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the large variety of subtypes of chronic cough, either defined by their clinical or pathogenetic causes, occupational chronic cough may be regarded as one of the most preventable forms of the disease. Next to obstructive airway diseases such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which are sometimes concomitant with chronic cough, this chronic airway disease gains importance in the field of occupational medicine since classic fiber-related occupational airway diseases will decrease in the future. Apart from acute accidents and incidental exposures which may lead to an acute form of cough, there are numerous sources for the development of chronic cough within the workplace. Over the last years, a large number of studies has focused on occupational causes of respiratory diseases and it has emerged that chronic cough is one of the most prevalent work-related airway diseases. Best-known examples of occupations related to the development of cough are coal miners, hard-rock miners, tunnel workers, or concrete manufacturing workers. As chronic cough is often based on a variety of non-occupational factors such as tobacco smoke, a distinct separation into either occupational or personally -evoked can be difficult. However, revealing the occupational contribution to chronic cough and to the symptom cough in general, which is the commonest cause for the consultation of a physician, can significantly lead to a reduction of the socioeconomic burden of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Groneberg
- Division of Allergy Research, Otto-Heubner-Centre, Charité School of Medicine, Free University and Humboldt-University, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dennis Nowak
- Institute and Outpatient Clinics for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Anke Wussow
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Axel Fischer
- Division of Allergy Research, Otto-Heubner-Centre, Charité School of Medicine, Free University and Humboldt-University, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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