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Lins TS, Pisoler G, Druzian GT, Negris L, Decote PAP, Vicente MA, Flores EMM, Santos MFP. Base oil recovery from waste lubricant oil by polar solvent extraction intensified by ultrasound. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:66000-66011. [PMID: 34327639 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15582-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposes a greener approach to the intensification of base oil recovery for truck engines (32,500 km of use) using ethanol, propan-2-ol, 2-methylpropan-1-ol, and butan-1-ol as solvents for the extraction of base oil, combining mechanical stirring (220 rpm) and ultrasound (25 °C, 24 kHz, and 400 W). The results indicated that the recovery yields of the base oil, using the mechanical stirring and ultrasound (MS-US) system, for ethanol, propan-2-ol, 2-methylpropan-1-ol, and butan-1-ol were approximately 3.1, 25.6, 71.6, and 85.5%, respectively. By contrast, the recovery yields using only mechanical stirring were 8.8, 28.9, 58.9, and 76.1%, respectively. The system with pre-extraction could effectively remove Ca (85.3-93.0%), Mg (67.2-82.9%), Na (31.7-62.5%), and Zn (0.0-71.7%). Finally, the results showed a reduction of almost 100% for the concentrations of Al, Cr, Fe, and Mo in the pre-extraction system. The mechanical stirring (5 min) and ultrasound (5 min) system were able to intensify the extraction process using environmentally friendly solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas S Lins
- Department of Natural Sciences, Center North of Espirito Santo, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Rod. Governador Mário Covas, Km 60, Litorâneo, São Mateus, Espírito Santo, 29932-540, Brazil
| | - Gleiciane Pisoler
- Department of Natural Sciences, Center North of Espirito Santo, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Rod. Governador Mário Covas, Km 60, Litorâneo, São Mateus, Espírito Santo, 29932-540, Brazil
| | - Gabriel T Druzian
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima no. 1000, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Luana Negris
- Department of Natural Sciences, Center North of Espirito Santo, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Rod. Governador Mário Covas, Km 60, Litorâneo, São Mateus, Espírito Santo, 29932-540, Brazil
| | - Paulo A P Decote
- Department of Natural Sciences, Center North of Espirito Santo, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Rod. Governador Mário Covas, Km 60, Litorâneo, São Mateus, Espírito Santo, 29932-540, Brazil
| | - Maristela A Vicente
- Department of Natural Sciences, Center North of Espirito Santo, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Rod. Governador Mário Covas, Km 60, Litorâneo, São Mateus, Espírito Santo, 29932-540, Brazil
| | - Erico M M Flores
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima no. 1000, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Maria F P Santos
- Department of Natural Sciences, Center North of Espirito Santo, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Rod. Governador Mário Covas, Km 60, Litorâneo, São Mateus, Espírito Santo, 29932-540, Brazil.
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