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Andrews K, Ross D, Maroney TL. Online Group Psychotherapy: A Systematic Review. Community Ment Health J 2024:10.1007/s10597-024-01304-4. [PMID: 38970740 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-024-01304-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a need within counselling and psychotherapy to ensure their ability to respond to endemic presences such as the COVID-19 pandemic, by utilising rapid technological advances without compromising effectiveness. To do so, existing research about online group therapy must be built upon to provide a comprehensive understanding of the efficacious delivery of this therapy modality. Thus, a systematic review was conducted to collate what is currently known in the published and grey literature on online group therapy, using the PRISMA framework. Thirty-three articles were identified as including information regarding facilitating group therapy online. After appraising each article using appropriate quality appraisal tools, a thematic analysis was conducted on the papers, arriving at seven main themes summarising the main findings regarding online versus in-person groups, group planning, counselling micro skills, group processes, ethics, technology, and unique online therapy issues. There is a growing but incomplete body of knowledge that informs the group therapist regarding the ethical delivery of groups online. A more comprehensive review can enable group therapists to feel confident they are across best practice guidelines. Limitations and research implications are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Andrews
- School of Law and Society, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia.
| | - Dyann Ross
- School of Law and Society, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Tenelle L Maroney
- School of Law and Society, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
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Moore E, Paré C, Carde E, Pagé MG. Virtual group psychotherapy for chronic pain: exploring the impact of the virtual medium on participants' experiences. PAIN MEDICINE (MALDEN, MASS.) 2024; 25:131-138. [PMID: 37738606 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnad130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Virtual psychotherapy for chronic pain (CP) has been shown to be feasible, efficacious, and acceptable; however, little is known about how virtual delivery of group psychotherapy affects participants' experiences. This study aimed to explore the impact of a virtual medium during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on social interactions and therapeutic processes in the context of group psychotherapy for CP management. METHODS This qualitative, interview-based study collected data on 18 individuals who participated in virtual group psychotherapy in a tertiary care pain management unit. RESULTS Results of the thematic analysis showed 4 themes. First, the ability to participate and connect was modified by not meeting in person. Connections also occurred differently as the usual patterns of interactions changed. Participants described important shifts in how emotions are communicated and subsequent experience of empathy. Finally, the commonality of chronic pain experience was identified as a central driver of connection between participants. CONCLUSIONS Mixed impacts of the virtual medium on group psychotherapy dynamics and processes were found. Future research could explore ways to mitigate the negative impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Moore
- Alan Edwards Pain Management Unit, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Catherine Paré
- Alan Edwards Pain Management Unit, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Estelle Carde
- CREMIS (Centre de Recherche de Montréal sur les Inégalités Sociales, les Discriminations et les Pratiques Alternatives de Citoyenneté), Montreal, QC H2X 1K6, Canada
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1N8, Canada
| | - M Gabrielle Pagé
- Alan Edwards Pain Management Unit, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
- Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- D epartment of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2V 2S9, Canada
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Weinberg H. Online Training Process Groups for Therapists: A Proposed Model. Int J Group Psychother 2023; 73:141-165. [PMID: 38446564 DOI: 10.1080/00207284.2023.2170236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The article proposes a new model for online experiential training groups for therapists. Experiential groups are an essential part of training for group therapists. The article summarizes the requirements for becoming a group therapist, reviews the literature about training-process groups for therapists, and discusses the dilemmas that are part of these groups. Ethical questions and the difference between training-process groups and therapy groups are presented. This training model uses weekly online process group sessions that include a 10-minute didactic discussion at the end of each session, combined with an annual in-person intensive meeting. Group vignettes are included to illustrate group processes. The advantages and disadvantages of the model are discussed, as well as important areas for future research.
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Muñoz-Martínez AM, Gómez Y, Naismith I, González-Rodríguez D. Implementation of a brief online skills group of dialectical behaviour therapy for emotional dysregulation in Latinx: a withdrawal experimental single-case design. Behav Cogn Psychother 2023:1-16. [DOI: 10.1017/s1352465823000085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background:
Dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) skills groups have shown promise as an effective treatment for clients with emotional dysregulation, especially when combined with individual DBT. However, their efficacy is not well established as an online therapy, or in the Latinx population.
Aims:
This study aimed to explore satisfaction, retention and effects of an internet-based DBT group added to individual online sessions.
Method:
An ABAB withdrawal experimental single-case design was conducted to evaluate the effect of a brief online DBT skills group on emotional dysregulation, anxiety and depression for five Latinx participants. DBT skills group (phase B) were compared with placebo group sessions (phase A) and fortnightly individual DBT sessions were offered throughout to manage risk.
Results:
Visual inspection showed a decrease in level of emotional dysregulation and a large effect size according to the Nonoverlap of All Pairs when comparing group DBT and placebo phases. Although depression symptoms decreased after introducing group DBT, anxiety indicators decreased most during the second round of group placebo sessions.
Discussion:
Whilst only a pilot, this study suggests that online group DBT in Latinx populations is feasible and effective for changing emotional regulation processes but may not effectively target anxiety. Future research might increase the number of DBT sessions in order to enhance learning opportunities and generalization. Replication with larger sample sizes and diverse modalities is needed.
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Havlik S, Malott KM, Gamerman T, Okonya P. Working Across Differences While Online: Examining the Experience of Facilitating a Virtual Group. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COUNSELLING 2022; 45:291-309. [PMID: 36466590 PMCID: PMC9685035 DOI: 10.1007/s10447-022-09496-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of literature illustrates the benefits of online groups for clients, but few studies have examined counselors' experience facilitating such groups, particularly in regard to counselor work with clients of differing sociodemographic traits. In this study, graduate-level counseling students facilitated two psychoeducational college counseling groups via an online platform. Groups were tailored for Black and/or African American first-generation college students (FGCS) enrolled in urban high schools. Facilitator experiences using an online platform and counseling across sociodemographic variables were explored. Themes included barriers to cohesion building, difficulty of power/oppression discussions via a virtual setting, and adjusting tactics and expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey Havlik
- Department of Education and Counseling, Villanova University, SAC 356, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085 USA
| | - Krista M. Malott
- Department of Education and Counseling, Villanova University, SAC 356, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085 USA
| | - Tracy Gamerman
- Department of Education and Counseling, Villanova University, SAC 356, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085 USA
| | - Pieta Okonya
- Department of Education and Counseling, Villanova University, SAC 356, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085 USA
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Anderson E, Dvorin K, Etingen B, Barker AM, Rai Z, Herbst A, Mozer R, Kingston RP, Bokhour B. Lessons Learned From VHA's Rapid Implementation of Virtual Whole Health Peer-Led Groups During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Staff Perspectives. Glob Adv Health Med 2022; 11:21649561211064244. [PMID: 35106189 PMCID: PMC8795823 DOI: 10.1177/21649561211064244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Committed to implementing a person-centered, holistic (Whole Health) system of care, the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) developed a peer-led, group-based, multi-session "Taking Charge of My Life and Health" (TCMLH) program wherein Veterans reflect on values, set health and well-being-related goals, and provide mutual support. Prior work has demonstrated the positive impact of these groups. After face-to-face TCMLH groups were disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, VHA facilities rapidly implemented virtual (video-based) TCMLH groups. OBJECTIVE We sought to understand staff perspectives on the feasibility, challenges, and advantages of conducting TCMLH groups virtually. METHODS We completed semi-structured telephone interviews with 35 staff members involved in the implementation of virtual TCMLH groups across 12 VHA facilities and conducted rapid qualitative analysis of the interview transcripts. RESULTS Holding TCMLH groups virtually was viewed as feasible. Factors that promoted the implementation included use of standardized technology platforms amenable to delivery of group-based curriculum, availability of technical support, and adjustments in facilitator delivery style. The key drawbacks of the virtual format included difficulty maintaining engagement and barriers to relationship-building among participants. The perceived advantages of the virtual format included the positive influence of being in the home environment on Veterans' reflection, motivation, and self-disclosure, the greater convenience and accessibility of the virtual format, and the virtual group's role as an antidote to isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION Faced with the disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, VHA pivoted by rapidly implementing virtual TCMLH groups. Staff members involved in implementation noted that delivering TCMLH virtually was feasible and highlighted both challenges and advantages of the virtual format. A virtual group-based program in which participants set and pursue personally meaningful goals related to health and well-being in a supportive environment of their peers is a promising innovation that can be replicated in other health systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Anderson
- Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, MA, USA
- Division of Health Informatics and Implementation Science, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Kelly Dvorin
- Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, MA, USA
| | - Bella Etingen
- Center of Innovation for Complex Chronic Healthcare (CINCCH), Hines VA Hospital, Hines, IL, USA
| | - Anna M. Barker
- Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, MA, USA
| | - Zenith Rai
- Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, MA, USA
| | - Abigail Herbst
- Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, MA, USA
| | - Reagan Mozer
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Bentley University, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Rodger P. Kingston
- Veteran Engagement in Research Group, VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, MA, USA
| | - Barbara Bokhour
- Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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Peer Support Group for Intensive Care Unit Survivors: Perceptions on Supportive Recovery in the Era of Social Distancing. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021; 18:177-182. [PMID: 33108225 PMCID: PMC7780980 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202007-799rl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Douglas EM, Hines DA, Dixon L, Celi EM, Lysova AV. Using Technology to Conduct Focus Groups With a Hard-to-Reach Population: A Methodological Approach Concerning Male Victims of Partner Abuse in Four English-Speaking Countries. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP5257-NP5280. [PMID: 30226079 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518799459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Research shows that the experiences of male victims of partner abuse (PA) are often denied by the public and the professionals who are charged to support PA victims. Recruiting female victims for research on PA victimization is relatively easy because there are existing structures to serve this group of victims. Thus, male victims are considered a hard-to-reach (HTR) population, and studying them can be difficult. This article focuses on the use of technology to collect qualitative data from male PA victims in an international study focusing on male victims. The researchers used their own professional networks to recruit and screen a convenience sample of male victims of female-to-male PA, in four different English-speaking countries: Australia, Canada, England, and the United States. Four web-based, video-enabled, focus groups were held for each country-for a total of 12 groups and 41 male participants. This article addresses recruitment methods, the use of technology in data collection, protecting the confidentiality of male victims, methods for informed consent, and lessons learned to facilitate future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alexandra V Lysova
- Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
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Leung YW, Wouterloot E, Adikari A, Hirst G, de Silva D, Wong J, Bender JL, Gancarz M, Gratzer D, Alahakoon D, Esplen MJ. Natural Language Processing-Based Virtual Cofacilitator for Online Cancer Support Groups: Protocol for an Algorithm Development and Validation Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 10:e21453. [PMID: 33410754 PMCID: PMC7819785 DOI: 10.2196/21453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer and its treatment can significantly impact the short- and long-term psychological well-being of patients and families. Emotional distress and depressive symptomatology are often associated with poor treatment adherence, reduced quality of life, and higher mortality. Cancer support groups, especially those led by health care professionals, provide a safe place for participants to discuss fear, normalize stress reactions, share solidarity, and learn about effective strategies to build resilience and enhance coping. However, in-person support groups may not always be accessible to individuals; geographic distance is one of the barriers for access, and compromised physical condition (eg, fatigue, pain) is another. Emerging evidence supports the effectiveness of online support groups in reducing access barriers. Text-based and professional-led online support groups have been offered by Cancer Chat Canada. Participants join the group discussion using text in real time. However, therapist leaders report some challenges leading text-based online support groups in the absence of visual cues, particularly in tracking participant distress. With multiple participants typing at the same time, the nuances of the text messages or red flags for distress can sometimes be missed. Recent advances in artificial intelligence such as deep learning–based natural language processing offer potential solutions. This technology can be used to analyze online support group text data to track participants’ expressed emotional distress, including fear, sadness, and hopelessness. Artificial intelligence allows session activities to be monitored in real time and alerts the therapist to participant disengagement. Objective We aim to develop and evaluate an artificial intelligence–based cofacilitator prototype to track and monitor online support group participants’ distress through real-time analysis of text-based messages posted during synchronous sessions. Methods An artificial intelligence–based cofacilitator will be developed to identify participants who are at-risk for increased emotional distress and track participant engagement and in-session group cohesion levels, providing real-time alerts for therapist to follow-up; generate postsession participant profiles that contain discussion content keywords and emotion profiles for each session; and automatically suggest tailored resources to participants according to their needs. The study is designed to be conducted in 4 phases consisting of (1) development based on a subset of data and an existing natural language processing framework, (2) performance evaluation using human scoring, (3) beta testing, and (4) user experience evaluation. Results This study received ethics approval in August 2019. Phase 1, development of an artificial intelligence–based cofacilitator, was completed in January 2020. As of December 2020, phase 2 is underway. The study is expected to be completed by September 2021. Conclusions An artificial intelligence–based cofacilitator offers a promising new mode of delivery of person-centered online support groups tailored to individual needs. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/21453
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne W Leung
- de Souza Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elise Wouterloot
- de Souza Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Achini Adikari
- Centre for Data Analytics and Cognition, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Graeme Hirst
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daswin de Silva
- Centre for Data Analytics and Cognition, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jiahui Wong
- de Souza Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jacqueline L Bender
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mathew Gancarz
- de Souza Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Gratzer
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Damminda Alahakoon
- Centre for Data Analytics and Cognition, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mary Jane Esplen
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Lodder A, Papadopoulos C, Randhawa G. Using a blended format (videoconference and face to face) to deliver a group psychosocial intervention to parents of autistic children. Internet Interv 2020; 21:100336. [PMID: 32939343 PMCID: PMC7479349 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2020.100336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents and carers of autistic children report poor mental health. Autism stigma is a strong contributing factor to poor parental mental health, yet there are currently no interventions available that are evidenced to improve parents' mental health in part through increasing resilience to stigma. Childcare and travel are well known barriers to attendance and attrition rates for this population are high. METHODS A blended format psychosocial group support intervention was developed with the aim to improve parental mental health. Three sessions were delivered face to face, and five sessions via videoconference. A secret Facebook group was set up to support the intervention and increase retention rates. Mixed methods were used to assess the feasibility and acceptability of this mode of delivery for both the facilitator and service users. Attendance rates, fidelity and implementation issues are discussed. A qualitative focus group was conducted (n = 9) to explore the acceptability to the participants. Framework analysis was used to analyse the findings. RESULTS Attendance rates were high with the online sessions having significantly higher attendance rates than the face to face sessions. The findings of the qualitative evaluation suggest that participants are positive about videoconferencing for a group support intervention. The facilitator reported sound quality, background distractions and late arrivals as challenges; the participants on the other hand, reported that the benefits far outweighed the negatives. Suggestions for improvement are made. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that videoconference is a well-received method to provide a group support intervention to parents. Only preliminary conclusions can be drawn, owing to the small sample size.
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Banbury A, Nancarrow S, Dart J, Gray L, Parkinson L. Telehealth Interventions Delivering Home-based Support Group Videoconferencing: Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res 2018; 20:e25. [PMID: 29396387 PMCID: PMC5816261 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.8090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Group therapy and education and support sessions are used within health care across a range of disciplines such as chronic disease self-management and psychotherapy interventions. However, there are barriers that constrain group attendance, such as mobility, time, and distance. Using videoconferencing may overcome known barriers and improve the accessibility of group-based interventions. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to review the literature to determine the feasibility, acceptability, effectiveness, and implementation of health professional-led group videoconferencing to provide education or social support or both, into the home setting. METHODS Electronic databases were searched using predefined search terms for primary interventions for patient education and/or social support. The quality of studies was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. We developed an analysis framework using hierarchical terms feasibility, acceptability, effectiveness, and implementation, which were informed by subheadings. RESULTS Of the 1634 records identified, 17 were included in this review. Home-based groups by videoconferencing are feasible even for those with limited digital literacy. Overall acceptability was high with access from the home highly valued and little concern of privacy issues. Some participants reported preferring face-to-face groups. Good information technology (IT) support and training is required for facilitators and participants. Communication can be adapted for the Web environment and would be enhanced by clear communication strategies and protocols. A range of improved outcomes were reported but because of the heterogeneity of studies, comparison of these across studies was not possible. There was a trend for improvement in mental health outcomes. Benefits highlighted in the qualitative data included engaging with others with similar problems; improved accessibility to groups; and development of health knowledge, insights, and skills. Videoconference groups were able to replicate group processes such as bonding and cohesiveness. Similar outcomes were reported for those comparing face-to-face groups and videoconference groups. CONCLUSIONS Groups delivered by videoconference are feasible and potentially can improve the accessibility of group interventions. This may be particularly useful for those who live in rural areas, have limited mobility, are socially isolated, or fear meeting new people. Outcomes are similar to in-person groups, but future research on facilitation process in videoconferencing-mediated groups and large-scale studies are required to develop the evidence base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Banbury
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia
| | - Susan Nancarrow
- Office of the Deputy Vice Chancellor (Research), Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia
| | - Jared Dart
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Leonard Gray
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lynne Parkinson
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle, Australia
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Vereen LG, Bohecker L. Research and Scholarship in Group Work: Scope and Emergent Themes Over 20 Years. JOURNAL FOR SPECIALISTS IN GROUP WORK 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/01933922.2017.1338810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Rubel D, Okech JEA. Qualitative Research in Group Work: Status, Synergies, and Implementation. JOURNAL FOR SPECIALISTS IN GROUP WORK 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/01933922.2016.1264522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Chang JE, Sequeira A, McCord CE, Garney WR. Videoconference Grief Group Counseling in Rural Texas: Outcomes, Challenges, and Lessons Learned. JOURNAL FOR SPECIALISTS IN GROUP WORK 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/01933922.2016.1146376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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